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小學英語基礎知識點:一般過去時態大綱

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小學階段,我們所學的東西大部分都是基礎的,英語基礎知識也要學到。但是我們要注意的是,不是說基礎的東西就是簡單的。如果不把基礎打牢,未來又怎麼可能走得更遠呢?下面就是小學英語基礎知識點,一般過去時,你瞭解嗎?

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一、概念

表示在的過去某個時間裏所發生的動作或存在的狀態。通常在句子裏找到表示過去時間的詞或詞組。如:yesterday,yesterday morning,yesterday afternoon,yesterday evening,the day before yesterday(前天),last night,last week,last month, last year,a moment ago(剛纔),just now(剛纔), two days ago,a week ago,in 1990等。 如: I went to bed ateleven last night. 昨晚我11:00睡覺。

二、動詞過去式的構成規律

(一)規則動詞的過去式

1、一般情況下,在動詞原形後面加-ed;如:look→looked play→played;

2、以不發音e結尾的動詞,在詞尾直接加-d;如:live→lived use→used;

3、以“輔音字母+ y”結尾的動詞,先將 y 改爲i ,再加 –ed;如:study→studied, try→tried fly→flied

4、以重讀閉音節(即輔音+元音+輔音)或r音節結尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,要先雙寫這個輔音字母后,再加 –ed。如:stop→stoppedplan→planned;

(二)不規則動詞的過去式

1、改變動詞中的元音;

begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoketake→took write→wrote get→got

2、變詞尾的–d 爲–t ; build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent

3、與動詞原形一樣; cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut

4、變-ay 爲-aid (少數動詞); say→said pay→paid lay→laid

5、採用不同詞根;sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought

6、其他。如:am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did

三、句式變化

(一)一般過去時的一般疑問句

1、把was, were放在句首,其餘位置不變。由Was…?引導的一般疑問句,肯定答爲:Yes,… was. 否定回答爲:No,…. wasn’t. 由Were…?引導的一般疑問句,肯定回答爲:Yes,… were. 否定回答爲:No,… weren’t. 如:

(1)I was born in Shanghai. →Wereyou born in Shanghai?

→Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)

(2)They were in Li Yan’s home last night.

→Were they in Li Yan’s home lastnight?

→Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)

2、在行爲動詞的句子中,要用助動詞詞did來引導,其餘的語序不變。要注意的是,要把行爲動詞的過去式改爲原形。肯定回答爲:Yes, …did. 否定回答:No, …didn’t. 如:

John played computer games lastnight.

→Did John play computer gameslast night?

→Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答)

(二)一般過去時的否定句

1、在表示過去存在的狀態的句子中,相接在was, were的後面加上not。

如:(1)He was in the park the day before yesterday. →He was not in the park the day beforeyesterday.

(2)We were busy last week. →We were not busy last week.

2、在表示過去的時間發生的動作的句子中,要在行爲動詞的前面加助動詞didn’t.然後把過去式的行爲動詞改爲動詞原形。即:didn’t + 動詞原形。如:

(1)She played the violin last night. →She didn’t play the violin last night.

(2) They swam in the lakeyesterday. →They didn’t swim in thelake yesterday.

(三) 一般過去式的特殊疑問句

did … ?(主要是詢問過去發生了什麼事情,注意要把過去式改爲動詞原形。)

We ate Chinese food lastnight. →What did we eat last night?

e did ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發生的地方。)

They sang and dance in the musicroom yesterday morning.

→Where did they sing and danceyesterday morning?

+ 動詞過去式 … ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發生的人物。)

Mike and Tom climbed mountainslast weekend.

→Who climbed mountains lastweekend?

四、句子結構

1、在表示某個時間裏存在的狀態的句子,系動詞用過式was,were構成。如:

(1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。 (2)We were in the gym just now. 剛纔我們在體育館。

2、在表示過去某個時間裏發生的動作,用動詞的過去式構成。如:

I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜訪了我的叔叔。

3、各種句式

(1)一般過去時的肯定陳述句:

主語 + 動詞過去式 + 賓語或表語

He worked in Shanghai tenyears ago.

(2)一般過去時的否定句:

a.主語 + didn’t + 動詞原形 + 賓語。 (did + not = didn't)

He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.

b.主語 + wasn’t/weren’t +表語。(was + not = wasn't were+ not = weren't)

He wasn't an English teacher tenyears ago.

(3)一般過去時的一般疑問句:

+ 主語 + 動詞原形 + 賓語 ?

Did you study English in 1990 ?

+ 主語 + 表語 ?

Was he a pupil five years ago ?

(4)一般過去時的特殊疑問句:

a.特殊疑問詞 + did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 賓語?

Where did your parents live five years ago?

What did you do last Sunday?

b.特殊疑問詞 + were/was + 表語?

Who was at the zoo yesterday?

基礎知識也需要我們反覆學習,反覆記憶。多少人覺得學習基礎知識浪費時間,轉而謀求更高層次的知識。殊不知基礎不好,就像地基不牢固的建築,怎麼可能把樓蓋得更高。小編希望大家不要小看基礎知識,英語基礎知識更要好好學習。