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談談英語分詞的邏輯主語問題

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三、弄清分詞邏輯主語的特例
一般說來,分詞作狀語,它的邏輯主語應與句子主語一致,但事實上有少數例外的特殊情況:1. 某些表示說話人態度的一些慣用分詞表達,它們在用作狀語時其邏輯主語可以與句子主語不一致。如:Generally speaking, women live longer than men. 一般說來,女人比男人活得長。Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. 從你的話看,他應當能成功。Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly. 考慮到路程,他到達得很快。Taking everything into consideration, you should leave. 考慮到各種因素,你最好離開。
2. 當句子含有先行主語it或there時,有時用作狀語的分詞短語可以與先行主語不一致。如:Having so little time, there was not much that I could do. 由於時間很少,我能做的事很有限。Being French, it’s surprising that she’s such a terrible cook. 她是法國人,但她做飯做得那麼糟真是令人感到驚奇。她是法國人,但她做飯做得那麼糟真是令人感到驚奇。
3. 當分詞已轉化爲介詞或連詞,此時也無需考慮主語一致問題。如:Supposing she doesn’t come, what shall we do? 要是她不來我們怎麼辦?(supposing爲連詞,意爲“假若”)Given their inexperience, they’ve done a job. 考慮到他們沒有經驗,這工作已做得很不錯了。(given爲介詞,意爲“考慮到”)4. 當分詞暗含的邏輯主語爲表示泛指意義的one或you時,也無需考慮主語的一致性問題。如:In doing such work, patience is needed. 做這種工作需要耐心。(=When one does such work, patience is needed.) 
四、弄清分詞的獨立主格結構
在通常情況下,分詞作狀語時它的邏輯主語應與句子主語一致,若不一致,則應改用其他句型。如:誤:Crossing the road, a car knocked him down. 正:Crossing the road, he was knocked down by a car. 過馬路時他被車撞倒了。正:When he was crossing the road, a car knocked him down. 他過馬路時車子把他撞倒了。解決狀語分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致的問題,也可在分詞前加一個名詞或代詞,使之成爲分詞的邏輯主語。由於加在分詞前的名詞或代詞要用主格形式,故稱分詞的獨立主格結構。如:The job finished, we went home. 工作結束後我們就回家了。The weather being fine, we went swimming. 天氣很好,我們就去游泳了。He being

談談英語分詞的邏輯主語問題