年3月中口聽力原文、評析和音頻

SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (45 minutes)
Part A: Spot Dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.

My topic for today’s lecture is communication, culture and work. When most people use the word culture, they think of people from different national backgrounds. National cultures certainly do exist and they play an important role in shaping the way people communicate, but there are other dimensions of culture too. Within a nation, regional differences can exert a powerful influence on communication. New Yorkers and Alaskans may find one another’s styles of behaving so different that they might as well be from different countries. Race and ethnicity can also shape behavior. So can age. The customs, values and attitudes of a twenty-year-old girl may vary radically from those of her parents who were raised in the 1960s or her grandparents who lived through the Great Depression and World War Ⅱ. Still, other differences can create distinctive cultures. Gender, sexual orientation, physical disabilities, religion and socio-economic background are just a few. All of these factors lead to a definition of culture as a set of values, beliefs, norms, customs, rules and codes that lead people to define themselves as a distinct group, giving them a sense of commonality. It’s important to realize that culture is learned, not innate. A Korean-born infant adopted soon after her birth by American parents and raised in the United States will think and act differently than his or her cousins who grew up in Seoul. An African American who grew up in the inner city will view the world differently than he or she would if raised in the suburbs or in a country like France where African heritage has different significance than it does in the United States. The norms and values we learn as part of our cultural conditioning shape the way we view the world and the way we interact with one another. In short, culture has such an overwhelming influence on communication that famous anthropologist Edward Hall once remarked, ‘culture is communication and communication is culture.’

【解析】

作爲中口筆試聽力第一題Spot Dictation，考試選用了文化題材的內容，考生對此類型題材應該並不陌生，但若不集中注意力，也會比較難把握文章的層次。

全文圍繞關鍵信息“other dimensions of culture”，字面意思是其他的文化維度，指的是除國籍外其他造成文化差異的因素。

文章首先給出紐約人和阿拉斯加人在交流過程中行事風格不同的例子，提出了地域性差異造成文化差異的概念。而後補充道不同人種和種族同樣是形成文化交流差異的因素，緊接着文章便通過老中青三代人不同的思想意識觀念的例子拋出了另外一個關鍵隱私——年齡。

文章還提出了一個較傳統觀念所不同的觀點，It’s important to realize that culture is learned, not innate，即文化差異並非與生俱來，而是通過後天環境的影響逐漸形成的。韓裔和非裔美國人的例子說明了這一點。

最後引用人類學家Edward Hall的觀點收尾，即文化與交流互相依附，不分彼此。Part B: Listening Comprehension
1. Statements
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSER BOOKLET.

Question1.
This report is urgent. I have to finish typing it by Monday morning. So there goes my sleep this weekend.

Question2.
What this office needs is better sound proofing. I can’t concentrate here with all that traffic passing by on the street below.

Question3.
Learning a language is a laborious process and adjusting to the subtle cultural differences require much more time and patience than anyone can imagine.

Question4.
If you can talk your boss into investing in that project, it will be a turning point for your company, and we both shall benefit in the long run.

Question5.
I’m afraid we’ve undercharged them. The invoice does not include the legal fee and our agency commission. I think we need to inform them of this immediately.

Question6.
Being bilingual or multilingual can be an advantage in landing a job abroad, although fluency in other languages is not always a requirement.

Question7.
I believe our proposal is a real contender for the contract. All we need to do is to work ourselves into position to close the deal.

Question8.
We must prepare the ground for the deeper understanding of our differences and problems. Only through a share view of our problems, shall we be able to carry our collaboration forward.

Question9.
Given the size of the order and the amount of heavy expenses on our side, anything less than a 10% discount is not worth the trouble.

Question10.
Working burns calories. It takes about 3500 calories to lose just one pound of weight. And a one-hour walk at a moderate pace will burn up only 300 to 350 calories.

【解析】

1. 該題描述場景是在趕一份報告。此題難度較小。重點在前兩句。
2. 該題描述了說話人對街上車輛噪音的不滿。難點爲sound proofing，意思是“隔音設備”。考生應注意抓住重點信息，前後進行推測。
3. 該題描述的是語言的學習。難點在laborious，譯爲“艱苦的，費勁的”。聽力時，應抓住大意。
4. 該題在談論投資項目的問題。A turning point譯爲“轉折點”。
5. 該題討論的是關於費用的問題。主要應掌握幾個單詞和詞組的意思。undercharge譯爲“索價低於常價”；legal fee譯爲“訴訟費”；agency commission譯爲“代理手續費”。
6. 該題討論的是語言與海外工作的關係。主要應掌握幾個單詞和詞組的意思。Bilingual譯爲“雙語者”；multilingual譯爲“使用多種語言的人”；land a job譯爲“找工作”。
7. 該題討論的是合同競爭的問題。主要難點在於兩個單詞，contender譯爲“競爭者”，deal譯爲“交易”。
8. 該題討論的是合作間相互理解的問題。難點爲collaboration，譯爲“合作”。
9. 該題討論的是開支的問題。重點在兩個單詞，expenses譯爲“開支，費用”，discount譯爲“折扣”。
10. 該題是有關消耗卡路里的問題。需掌握單詞calorie，譯爲“卡路里（熱量單位）”。考生在聽力過程中需注意對具體數字的掌握。

2. Talks and Conversations
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully, because you will hear the talk or conversation and the questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Question 11—14

W: Hello, Purchasing Department. Earls Roger’s speaking.
M: Good morning, Ms Roger. This is John Stone from ABS Company. How are you?
W: Quite good, thank you. Well, Mr Stone, we’re still studying your catalog and your products?
M: That’s very thoughtful of you, Ms Roger, but I’m calling to see if you’d like to see our showroom at the trade fair that opened last week.
W: Oh, I didn't know you would have a showroom there, I’d be glad to go and have a tour around the exhibition.
M: Just tell me when it would be convenient for you and we can arrange for the tour.
W: Let me see. How about next Monday afternoon around 2:00?
M: That’s fine. I’ll be over at 1:30. It’s only a ten- to fifteen-minute drive from your department.
W: I can drive there in my own car. Shall we meet at the main gate of the trade fair?
M: That’s Ok. I’ll be at the main gate at about 1:50. See you then.
W: Right. Goodbye.

11. Why is the man telephoning the woman?
12. What is the man’s profession according to the conversation?
13. When will the woman be free to visit the showroom at the trade fair?
14. Where will the man and the woman meet at the trade fair?

【解析】

文章背景：本篇屬於情景對話，首先應當抓住關鍵詞Purchasing Department，接下來的對話就比較好理解了。在對話中男人打電話邀請女人去交易會，然後互相約定了時間和見面地點。對話內容比較簡單，也無特別複雜的單詞，但需要特別注意對話中時間和日期的表達。

關鍵詞：
Purchasing Department 採購部；
showroom n. 陳列室；
trade fair 商品交易會；
exhibition n. 展覽會；
convenient adj. 方便的，適合的；

Questions 15—18

Every human being, no matter where they are from, is born with the ability to smile. A smile is a natural reaction to a positive moment, like a friendly face or a clever joke.

Most babies first smile between 6 and 8 weeks old. At first, it is only the expression made when exercising their facial muscles or passing wind, but once they realize a smile gets them
a lot of attention, huge smiles in return, happy noises, extra treats, they learn to try it again. And why wouldn’t they？It takes 43 muscles to frown, but only 17 to smile.

We smile when we are happy. We smile when we see people we know, but what happens when you are not happy to see someone you know? You smile anyway. You fake a smile. Unfortunately, however, a fake smile never looks quite the same as a real one. In the genuine smile you not only show your lower teeth, but also move the muscles running all the way around the mouth, which in turn makes the skin around the eyes become tighter and then your smile is real.

However, when someone smiles politely rather than because they really want to. They use the muscle which only raises the sides of the mouth and which does not move the muscles at the corners of the eyes, this kind of fake smile is sometimes referred to as the Pan-Am smile as it is named after the former airline whose flight attendants welcomed every passenger with the same forced smile.

15. According to the talk , what is a smile？
16. What happens in a real smile?
17. What do we learn about the Pan-Am smile?
18. Which of the following is not true according to the talk？

【解析】

本篇的話題是smile. 首先介紹what is smile; 然後講到when and why people smile; 接下來分析了real smile and fake smile, 並在文章最後簡要介紹了Pan-Am smile（a kind of fake smile）.
這篇聽力整體難度不大，基本沒有生僻詞，結構也比較簡單。考點也依然集中在我們課上講過的強調詞、強調句式附近，比如not only…but also句型，refer to 等等。

Questions 19—22

M: Hello, this is Peter Smith’s speaking.
W: Hello, Peter. Betty’s speaking. I’m calling about the open-door concert in London. Will it still be held this Sunday as is scheduled. It’s been so cold that I haven’t been outside for a week. I do hate the cold.
M: Yes, it’s best to stay indoors in such beastly weather. But I’m afraid I have no idea about the oncoming concert. You noticed your new neighbors who have arrived at NO. 35 though, surely. Perhaps they knew something.
W: Well, I called on them yesterday. They seemed such nice people at first. But now, I’m not so sure.
M: Really? Why?
W: Well, they’re from London. And they think it’s the only place in the world worth talking about.
The wife made some very catty remarks about this area.
M: Londoners always think they are better than other people. But I always find them less cultured. What’s she look like?
W: Quite young and pretty. But she does wear a lot of makeup. And she certainly dyes her hair. Perhaps, she isn’t as young as she looks.
M: Anyway, I don’t want to mix with people like that. Because I knew they would be snobs when I saw their huge car. Surely, they don’t need such a big one.
W: No…Still…My husband says it’s 4 years old. And probably cost less than ours second hand. And ours is certainly as fast as theirs. Besides, it uses so much petrol. You can hardly afford to run it.

19. What has the woman done for the past week?
20. Why is the woman telephoning?
21. What does the man say about Londoners in general?
22. What does the man think of his new neighbor’s car?

【解析】

文章內容爲男女對話，難度中等。對話主題從open-door concert、天氣，到男女對新鄰居的看法。關鍵詞如cold(the beastly weather)，new neighbors，less cultured，snob，以及關鍵句子如提示女士致電意圖的I’m calling about the open-door concert in London.說明女士上個星期做了什麼事的It’s been so cold that I haven’t been outside for a week.以及男士對於新鄰居的看法But I always find them less cultured等等。對話中沒有出現難詞，考生在把握整個對話的意思和意圖的同時，還需要留心關鍵詞，這樣可以根據選項對題目會問些什麼做出推測。

Questions 23—26

Most people are too anxious doing tests, their anxiety overshadows or even interferes with the ability to reason and make them less efficient than normal. As a result, they score far lower than they should. This is an unnecessary handicap, especially if you are a student who is going to spent 12 to 16 years or more taking tests. The solution of course is to learn the rules and techniques of successful test taking. Success builds assurance and confidence, which in turn freeze you to perform better and better. Once you realize that eight tenths of your score depends on the way you take a test, it becomes obvious that learning rules of the test-taking game is crucial. It is not complicated, you do not have to be clever, brilliant or dishonest to do it, it is just a matter of observation and practice. Oddly, most people have not really thought much about what is means to make, give and take tests. Once you see tests are school games that have actual little meaning in the real work, once you realize the game has a format that can be recognized, rules that can be mastered, playing strategies that can be learned, it can become as entertaining as crossword puzzles. Mastering test taking like learning to absorb and retrieve information, is part of the process of educating yourself. So the efforts will not be wasted or pointless. Figuring out test is a problem solving experience, and developing confidence to recognize and solve problems is not just a school game, but true educational activity.

23. Why do many students score far lower than they should in the test?
24. According to the speaker what is crucial for successful test-taking?
25. What does the speaker think of the school tests?
26. Which of the following is not an educational activity?

【解析】

文章背景：本文屬於一般的議論文問題，探討的是關於考試的話題。作者認爲通過學習一些考試技巧可以有效提高成績並且提升個人的自信；作者認爲這也是一種具有教育意義的行爲。

本文難度不大，只需掌握基本核心詞彙，基本不影響學生理解做題。

關鍵詞：
anxious adj. 焦慮的；
overshadow v. 遮蔽，使相形見絀；
handicap n. 障礙，缺陷；
crucial adj. 至關重要；
format n. 設計，安排，格式；
master v. 掌握；精通；

Questions 27—30

Woman: I have a really strange experience while I was walking around on Saturday morning.
Man: Oh, what was it?
Woman: There was a crowd and at first I thought there had been an accident. But then I saw that they were making a movie.
Man: That’s not so strange. You see a lot of film crews around the town these days.
Woman: Yes, but when I started to walk away, one of the men called me over. He turned out to be the director.
Man: Really? The director himself?
Woman: Believe it or not. He wanted me to be in the picture!
Man: No kidding! Did he want you to say anything or were you just a part of the crowd?
Woman: I didn’t say anything, but I had to do something. This woman in pajamas was in the phone booth.
Man: Did you know who she was? Was she somebody famous?
Woman: She wasn’t anybody I knew. Anyway, I had to walk up to the phone booth, then when I saw there was somebody in it, I had to look disgusted and walk away.
Man: You mean we’ll be able to see your face in it when it comes out?
Woman: Well, maybe, but you know how it is. I’ll probably be cut out before anybody ever sees the movie.
Man: How long did it take? Don’t they have to shoot those scenes over and over again?
Woman: It didn’t take that long. After we’d done it four times, the director said everything was Ok!
Man: I hope you got paid.
Woman: They took my name and address and they said they’d sent me a check.
Man: Wonderful! Now we’re going to have a movie star in the office.

27. What was the woman’s strange experience?
28. According to the woman, who was in the phone booth when she was approaching it?
29. What was the woman supposed to do as she saw somebody in the phone booth?
30. What is the most likely relationship between the man and the woman in the conversation?

【解析】

本對話講述了一位女士被一個電影攝製組請去當了一回演員的經歷。內容比較簡單，難度不大，整體把握好對話的意思。在一問一答之間，女士比較詳細地描述當時拍攝的場景，從她被攝製組的導演選中，以及女士在其中所要做的動作 “I didn’t say anything…I had to walk up to the phone booth…had to look disgusted and walk away” 雖然沒考到，但是我們在聽的時候也要保持對數字的高度敏感，及時記錄下相關數據。最後一題考人物關係，題型比較常見，通常從對方說話的語氣就能推測出，文章最後還給出 “in the office” 這個很明顯的提示，所以在聽聽力時，不要急躁，一定要聽到最後一個單詞爲止。

重點詞彙：
film crews 影片攝製組；
disgusted adj. 厭惡的，厭煩的；
shoot v. 攝影；射擊；
picture n. 照片；影片；Part C: Listening and Translation

1. Sentence Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

(1) Interesting work, enough money, plenty of exercise and entertainment, that’s my idea of a good and healthy life.

工作有趣，錢賺的夠多，足夠的鍛鍊和娛樂，這就是我所認爲的健康良好的生活。

(2) -- I don’t like the student canteen on campus.
-- What’s wrong with it?
-- It is interested in making money rather than serving good and inexpensive foods for us students.
-- 我不喜歡學校食堂？
-- 有什麼問題嗎？
-- 食堂只想着賺錢，而不是爲學生提供良好的物美價廉的餐飲服務。

(3) Young people should be encouraged to see the value of all trades and professions. They should look upon the careers they’ve chosen with interest and pride.

應該鼓勵年輕人看到各行各業的價值。他們應該對自己的工作充滿興趣和自豪。

(4) I think the best course of action will be to consult our lawyer before we sign the contract. Anyway this is a big deal and is vital for our company.
我認爲最好還是先諮詢我們的律師之後再簽約，不管怎麼說，這都是一筆大買賣，對我們公司來說至關重要。

(5) Over 12 thousand visitors attended the trade fair this year. This not only equals an increase by 20%, almost 2,400 visitors from last year, but it’s also a new visitor record.
今年，一萬兩千多名遊客參觀了我們的貿易展銷會。相比去年增加了20%，比去年多了2400人，而且創下歷年參展人數的新高。

2. Passage Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.

(1) Australia is almost a continent by itself. The vastness of the land, the relative small population, and the rich natural resources make the country the most ideal place to live. For the past decade, Australia has increased its exports of raw materials to China, which in turn has greatly aided its economy. However, because of the global financial crisis, Australia’s economy has shown signs of slow-down. The Australian dollar is said to have lost its value against the US dollar by 10 percent in the last three weeks.

澳大利亞差不多本身就是一個洲。廣袤的土地、稀少的人口和豐富的自然資源，使澳大利亞成爲最理想的居住地。在過去十年間，澳大利亞增加了對中國原材料的出口，反過來也大大地促進了其經濟的發展。然而，由於全球金融危機，澳大利亞的經濟已出現放緩跡象。據說過去三週內，澳元對美元的匯率已下降了10%。

(2) In today’s world, your personal security is largely your financial security. A balanced checkbook and a savings account not only increase your future options, but also protect your cool lifestyle. Money makes it easier to live in a safe area, to have nutritious diet, and to get a sound education. Although there is still no absolute protection from all of life hazards, wise financial planning can soften its harshest blow.

在現今世界，人身安全很大程度上取決於財務安全。收支平衡和個人儲蓄賬戶不僅能夠讓自己的未來有更多的選擇，同時也能保護自己安定的生活方式。有錢可以讓人更容易地生活在安全的區域，享受有營養的美食，接受良好的教育。雖然目前還沒什麼能確保生命免受一切危害，但是明智的財務規劃可以降低嚴重災害的危害程度。

【解析】

第一篇文章圍繞澳大利亞這一話題展開，資源，原材料，出口，金融危機，等詞語也是口譯經常出現的詞語。段落中並沒有什麼難詞、生詞，還是比較容易理解的。關鍵是要求考生平時注意積累，對vastness of the land，relative small population, the rich natural resources等一些常見名詞詞組熟悉，並能夠迅速翻譯成漢語。最後一句話The Australian dollar is said to have lost its value against the US dollar by 10 percent in the last three weeks.是被動語態，在翻譯時要注意，譯成“據說”“據稱”，比較符合漢語表達習慣。同時要注意10 percent之前by的翻譯。
第二篇文章講的是財物安全和規劃的問題，屬於社會問題，也是口譯經常考的一類題。整篇的難度一般，除了個別單詞拼寫有些難度，如nutritious，hazard，還有個別冠詞需要大家注意，其餘的則主要是翻譯問題了。我們常考到的數字問題或是細節問題，同學們聽懂的基礎上，合理筆記，全篇翻譯一般問題不大。A balanced checkbook and a savings account not only increase your future options, but also protect your cool lifestyle.此處冠詞不必翻譯。這樣的小翻譯技巧都是需要考生掌握的，否則，譯文就會很生硬，不符合漢語表達。另外，although這一類表達轉折的詞，都是很重要的信息，不僅對翻譯，對聽力理解都是很重要的。