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高考英語必考重點知識

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語法,作爲英語學習的重點和基本功,也必然成爲備考英語的重中之重。接下來是小編爲大家整理的高考英語必考重點知識,希望大家喜歡!

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 高考英語必考重點知識一

plenty的用法

ty指某物(特別是生存所需物品)已經足夠了,即“充裕,大量,富庶”,間或含有過量或感謝的意味,通常是用在好的方面,且只能用於肯定句中。

ty可指複數的事物,他還代表充分、非常。富足的等意思。

ty常用於plenty of短語,表示“充足的相當多的”通常只用於肯定句,其後可接可數名詞,也可接不可數名詞。plentyof作主語時謂語動詞要跟of後名詞的數一致。

plenty意爲“大量的”,在句中可作表語、定語或狀語。

ty通常用在好的方面,所以一般認爲plenty of troubles許多麻煩);plenty ofdifficulties(許多困難)等是不合英語習慣的。但近年來plenty of errors,plenty oftroubles等說法似乎逐漸多了起來。

ty用作副詞時是非正式用法,意思是“相當地,充分地”,多用來修飾形容詞,且其後可跟enough搭配使用。

 高考英語必考重點知識二

倒裝結構

一 全部倒裝

全部倒裝是指將句子中的謂語動詞全部置於主語之前。此結構通常只用與一般現在時和一般過去時。常見的結構有:

1. here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置於句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie,run。例如:

1) There goes the bell. 鈴聲漸漸消失了。

2) Then came the chairman. 然後主席就來了

3) Here is your letter. 這是你的信。

2. 表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置於句首,謂語表示運動的動詞。例如:

1) Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轟炸機下面發出了一顆導彈。

2) Ahead sat an old woman.

注意:上述全部倒裝的句型結構的主語必須是名詞,如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如:

1) Here he comes. 他來了。

2) Away they went. 他們走了。

二 部分倒裝

部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞,則需添加助動詞do,does或did,並將其置於主語之前。

1. 句首爲否定或半否定的詞語,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in noway, not until? 等。例如:

1) Never have I seen such a performance. 我從來沒看過這樣的表演。

2) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你在哪兒都不會找到這個問題的答案。

3) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.媽媽直到孩子睡着才離開房間。

注意:當Not until引出主從複合句,主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。

注意: 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。例如:

1) I have never seen such a performance.我從來沒看過這樣的表演。

2) The mother didn't leave the room until the child fellasleep.媽媽直到孩子睡着才離開房間。

2. 帶有否定意義的詞放在句首,語序需要部分倒裝。常見的詞語有: not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely ,little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly ? when ,no sooner ?than ?等。例如:

1) Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.他不僅拒收了禮品,還狠狠批評了送禮的人。

2) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.她剛要出門時有個學生來找她。

3) No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.她剛要走時一個學生來看她。

注意:只有當Not only? but also連接兩個分句時,纔在第一個分句用倒裝結構。如果置於句首的Not only? butalso僅連接兩個並列詞語,不可用倒裝結構。例如:

Not only you but also I am fond of music. 我和你都喜歡音樂。

3. 表示"也"、"也不" 的so, neither, nor放在句首時,句子作部分倒裝。例如:

1) Tom can speak French. So can Jack. Tom能說法語,我也能。

2) If you won't go, neither will I. 如果你不去,我也不去。

注意: 當so引出的句子用以對上文內容加以證實或肯定時,不可用倒裝結構。意爲"的確如此"。例如:

1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom讓我去踢足球,我去了。

2) ---It's raining hard. ---So it is. ---雨下得很大。 ---的確很大。

4. only放在句首,強調狀語(副詞,介詞短語或狀語從句等),全句語序要部分倒裝。例如:

Only in this way, can you learn English well.你只有用這種方法才能學好英語。

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被請了三次纔來開會。注意:如果句子爲主從複合句,則主句倒裝,從句不倒裝

Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.他只有病得非常嚴重時纔會臥牀休息。

三 as, though 引導的倒裝句

as / though引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 (形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實義動詞提前)。此時應注意:1) 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞;2)句首是實義動詞, 其他助動詞放在主語後。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語,隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。例如:

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.儘管他願意努力工作,但是他好像從來都不能令他的工作満意。

注意: 讓步狀語從句中,有though,although時,後面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可連用。

四 其他部分倒裝

1. so? that 句型中的so 位於句首時,需倒裝。例如:

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得動都不敢動。

2. 在某些表示祝願的句型中,例如:

May you all be happy. 望大家開心愉快。

3. 在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞,可將if 省略,把 were, had, should移到主語之前,採取部分倒裝。例如:

Were I you, I would try it again. 如果我是你,我就再試一次。

 高考英語必考重點知識三

動名詞與不定式

1) 動名詞與不定式的區別:

動名詞表達的是: 狀態,性質,心境,抽象,經常性,已發生的

不定式表達的是: 目的,結果,原因,具體,一次性,將發生的

2) 接不定式或動名詞,意義相同。

3) 動名詞與不定式語義不同的有11 組:

stop to do stop doing

forget to do forget doing

remember to do remember doing

cease to do cease doing

try to do try doing

go on to do go on doing

afraid to do afraid doing

interested to do interested doing

mean to do mean doing

regret to do regret doing

begin/start to do begin/start doing

特殊詞精講

stop doing/to do

stop to do 停止,中斷做某事後去做另一件事。

stop doing 停止做某事。

They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他們停下來,抽了根菸。

I must stop smoking. 我必須戒菸了。

典型例題

She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the sideof the path.

A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest

答案:C。由題意可知,她到了山頂,停下來在一個路邊的大石頭上休息。因此,應選擇"stop to do sth.停下來去做另一件事"。而不僅僅是爬山動作的終止,所以stop doing sth.不正確。

stop doing/to do

forget doing/to do

forget to do 忘記要去做某事。 (未做)

forget doing 忘記做過某事。 (已做)

The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.辦公室的燈還在亮着,它忘記關了。(沒有做關燈的動作)

He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經關了燈了。( 已做過關燈的動作)

Don't forget to come tomorrow. 別忘了明天來。(to come動作未做)

典型例題

---- The light in the office is still on.

---- Oh, I forgot___.

A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned itoff

答案:C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮着,即關燈的動作沒有發生,因此用forget to do sth. 而forgetdoing sth表示燈已經關上了,而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。

remember doing/to do

remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做)

remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做)

Remember to go to the post office after school. 記着放學後去趟郵局。

Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?

regret doing/to do

regret to do 對要做的事遺憾。 (未做)

regret doing 對做過的事遺憾、後悔。 (已做)

I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遺憾必須這樣去做,我實在沒有辦法。 Idon't regret telling her what I thought. 我不爲告訴她我的想法而後悔。

典型例題

---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

---Well, now I regret ___ that.

A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done

答案:D。regret having done sth. 對已發生的事感到遺憾。regret to do sth.對將要做的事感到遺憾。本題爲對已說的話感到後悔,因此選D。

cease doing/to do

cease to do 長時間,甚至永遠停做某事。

cease doing 短時停止做某事,以後還會接着做。

That department has ceased to exist forever. 那個部門已不復存在。

The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.姑娘們在老師走過時,停了會聊天。

try doing/to do

try to do 努力,企圖做某事。

try doing 試驗,試着做某事。

You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。

I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 我試着種果木花卉,但未成功。

go on doing/to do

go on to do 做了一件事後,接着做另一件事。

go on doing 繼續做原來做的事。

After he had finished his maths,he went on to do his physics.做完數學後,他接着去做物理。

Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.作完這個練習後,接着做其他的練習

be afraid doing/to do

be afraid to do 不敢,膽怯去做某事,是主觀上的原因不去做,意爲"怕";

be afraid of doing 擔心出現doing的狀況、結果。 doing 是客觀上造成的,意爲"生怕,恐怕"。 She was afraidto step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.她生怕被蛇咬着,而不敢在草叢中再走一步。

She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。

She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。

be interested doing/to do

interested to do 對做某事感興趣,想了解某事。

interested in doing 對某種想法感興趣,doing 通常爲想法。

I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道發生了什麼事。 (想了解)

I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?我對在瑞士工作感興趣。你想過這事嗎? (一種想法)

mean to doing/to do

mean to do 打算、想

mean doing 意味着

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去,但是我父親不肯讓我去。 To raisewage means increasing purchasing power. 贈加工資意味着增加購買力。

begin(start) doing/to do

begin / start to do sth

begin / start doing sth.

1) 談及一項長期活動或開始一種習慣時,使用doing.

How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你幾歲時開始彈鋼琴?

2) begin, start用進行時時,後面動詞用不定式to do

I was beginning to get angry. 我開始生起氣來。

3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 後接know, understand, realize這類動詞時,常用不定式todo。

I begin to understand the truth. 我開始明白真相。

4) 物作主語時

It began to melt.

感官動詞 + doing/to do

感官動詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste,feel + do 表示動作的完整性,真實性;+doing 表示動作的連續性,進行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看見他在花園裏幹活了。(強調"我看見了"這個事實)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(強調"我見他正幹活"這個動作)昨天我見他正在花園裏幹活。

典型例題

1) They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.

A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow

答案:A. 因題意爲,他們看着她長大,因此強調的是成長的過程,而非正在長的動作,因此用see sb do sth 的句型。

2) The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.

A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play

答案:A. 本題強調其動作,正在河邊玩,應此用see sb. doing sth句型。