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介詞的用法詳解

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介詞一般用於名詞或者代詞前面,表示該詞與句中其他成分的關係。介詞後面的名詞或代詞稱爲介詞賓語(如果是人稱代詞,則要用賓格)。介詞和介詞賓語合在一起構成介詞短語。

ing-bottom: 86.56%;">介詞的用法詳解

下面對該口訣分別舉例幫助你理解消化。

早、午、晚要用in

例:in the morning 在早上

in the afternoon 在下午

in the evening 在晚上

in the day 在白天

at黎明、午、夜、點與分

例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明時候

at noon 在中午

at night 在夜間

at midnight 在午夜

以上短語都不用冠詞

at six o'clock 在6點鐘

at 7:30 (seven thirty) 在7點半

at half past eleven 在11點半

at nine fifteen 在9點15分

at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10點30分

也可以寫成

seven to five 5點差7分(半小時以上)

five minutes after two 2點過5分

at a quarter to two 1點45分

at the weekend 在週末

年、月、年月、季節、周

即在“來年”,在“某月”,在“某年某月” (但在某年某月某

日則用on),在四季,在第幾周等都要用in。

例;in 1986 在1986年

in 1927 在1927年

in April 在四月

in March 在三月

in December 1986 1986年12月

in July l983 1983年7月

in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季

in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季

in the fist week of this semester 這學期的第一週

in the third week 在第三週

陽光、燈、影、衣、冒 in,

即在陽光下,在燈下,在樹陰下,穿衣、着裝、冒雨等都要用in。

例:Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的燈光下看書。

They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他們在明亮的燈光下複習功課。

They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他們坐在樹陰下乘涼。

a prisoner in irons 帶着鐐銬的囚犯

He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到車站去接我。

The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 舊社會窮人們衣衫襤褸.

以及:in the bright sunlight 在明亮的陽光下

a merchant in disguise 喬裝的商人

the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、紅、黃)色衣服的婦女

in uniform 穿着制服

in mourning 穿着喪服

in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋

in his shirt sleeves 穿着襯衫

將來時態in...以後

例: They will come back in 10 days. 他們將10天以後回來。

I'll come round in a day or two. 我一兩天就回來。

We'll be back in no time. 我們一會兒就回來。

Come and see me in two days' time. 兩天後來看我。(從現在開始)

after... (從過去開始)

小處at大處in

例:Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Don't worry. 李和我平安地到達黑山縣,一切很好,勿念。

I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市,我姐姐住在一個小城鎮,而我的父母則住在農村。

I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在遼寧省鞍山市.

有形with無形by,語言 、單位、材料in

例:The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人們正用石子鋪路。(有形)

The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 這位教師正用一支新筆批改論文。(有形)

"Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" is a good opera. < <智取威虎山 > >是—出好戲。(無形)

The product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil. 這種產品是用蒸餾分離出氣油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法——無形)

I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed. 我確實不能用英語流利地表達我的思想。 (表示某種語言用in)

I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄語寫了一本小說。(同上)

The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system. 公里是米制中最長的長度單位。 (表示度、量、衡單位的用in )

The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre. 長度是以米、公里、釐米爲單位來計算的。(同上)

This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 這個牌匾是銅鑄的,不是金鑄的。

特徵、方面與方式、心情、成語慣用in

  特徵或狀態:

例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那時民主黨執政。

They found the patient in a coma. 他們發現病人處於昏迷狀態。

He has not been in good health for some years. 他幾年來身體一直不好。

Many who came in despair went away in hope. 許多人帶着絕望情緒而來,卻滿懷希望而去。

The house was in ruins. 這房屋成了廢墟。

The poor girl was in tears. 這個貧苦女孩淚流滿面。

Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣跟穿破了。

His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。

I only said it in fun. 我說這話只是開玩笑的。

She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 與其說她講得很氣憤,不如說她講得很傷心。

還有一些短語也用in,如:

in jest 詼諧地,in joke 開玩笑地,in spite 惡意地, in fairness 公正地,in revenge 報復, in mercy 寬大,in sorrow 傷心地等。

His mind was in great confusion. 他腦子裏很亂。

Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb. 今天大家都興高采烈,沒有一個情緒低落的。

She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同學都正值妙齡。

The compaign was in full swing. 運動正值高潮中。

  方面:

例:we accepted the item in principle. 我們在原則上接受了這個條款。

They are never backward in giving their views. 他們從來不怕發表自己的意見。

The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain. 這個落後的地區在糧食方面已能自給。

A good teacher must be an example in study. 一個好的教師必須是學習的模範。

  方式:

例:All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有報告都用速記記錄下來了。

The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism. 黨一貫以愛國主義和國際主義精神教育我們。

如下成語慣用in

例如: in all 總計

in advance 事前

in the meantime 與此同時

in place 適當地

in hopes of(或in the hope of) 懷着.......希望

in connection with 和……有關

in contact with 和……聯繫

in addition to 除......以外

in case of 倘若,萬一

in conflict with 和......衝突

in force 有效的,大批

in depth 徹底地

in regard to 關於

in the neighborhood of 大約、鄰近

in retrospect 回顧,一想起

in behalf of 代表......利益

in the least 一點,絲毫

in alarm 驚慌、擔心

in the opinion of 據……見解

in the long run 從長遠說來

in one's opinion 在……看來

in word 口頭上

in a word 總之

in vain 無益地, 白白地

in case 如果,萬一,以防

in detail 詳細地

in haste 急急忙忙地

in conclusion 總之

in spite of 儘管

in other words... 換句話說

in return 作爲回報

in the name of 以......名義

be confident in 對......有信心

be interested in 對......感興趣

in doubt 懷疑

in love 戀愛中

in debt 負債

in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地

in hesitation 猶豫不決

in wonder 在驚奇中

in public (secret) 公開他(祕密地)

in a good humour 心情(情緒)好

“介詞at、to表方向,攻擊、位置、善、惡、分”。

介詞at和to都可以表示方向; 用at表示方向時,側重於攻擊的目標,往往表示惡意;用to表示方向時,突出運動的位置或動作的對象,側重表示善意。試比較下列各句:

1. came at me. 她向我撲過來。

came to me. 她向我走過來。

ran at John. 幾 傑克向約翰撲過去。

ran to John. 傑克朝約翰跑去。

3.A. He rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿着劍向那婦女撲過去。

B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他帶着劍向那婦女跑過去。

shouted at the old man. 他大聲喝斥那老人。

B. He shouted to the old man. 他大聲向那老人說

5.A.I heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我聽見她在抱怨小李。

B.I heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我聽見她在同小李低聲說話。

6.A. She talked at you just now. 她剛纔還說你壞話呢。

talked to you just now. 她剛纔還同你談話呢.

threw a bone at the dog. 她用一塊骨頭砸狗。

threw a bone to the dog. 她把一塊骨頭扔給狗吃。

presented a pistol at me. 他用手槍對着我。

presented a pistol to me. 他贈送我一支手槍。

日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on。

例: on Octorber the first 1949 1949年10月1日

on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日

on May the first 5月1日

on the first 1號

on the sixteenth 16號

on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日

on a summer evening 在夏天的一個夜晚

on Boxing Day 在節禮日(聖誕節次日)

on New Year's Day 在元旦

on my birthday 在我的生日

但 in the Christmas holidays在聖誕節假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世紀; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在現代,則用in,the present time 現在,at the present day當今則用at。

on May Day 在“五•一”節

on winter day 在冬天

on Decenber 12th 1950 l950年12月12日

on Sunday 在星期天

on Monday 在星期一

on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨

on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午

on Friday evening 星期五晚上

但last night 昨夜;in the evening 在晚上; on time準時,in time及時,等則不同。

年月日,加早午晚,of之前on代in

例: on the morning of 18th 18日早晨

on the evening of 4th 4日晚上

On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a garewell speech. 他們在臨行前夕舉行了一次告別宴會,他們的團長發表了告別講話。

收音、農場,值日on

例:Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night?

您的導師喜歡昨天從收音機裏聽到的故事嗎?

I heard the news over (or on) the radio. 我從收音機裏聽到了這一條消息。

taIk over the radio 由無線電播音

on TV 從電視裏......

hear something on the wireless 在無線電裏聽到

My brother works on an Army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一個軍墾農場工作。

The students are working on a school farm. 學生們正在校辦農場勞動。

This is a farmer's house on a farm. 這是農場的農舍。

Who is on duty, tody? 今天誰值日?

We go on duty at 8 a.m. 我們上午8點鐘上班。

  關於、基礎、靠、著論

例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation. 今天下午我們要聽關於國際形勢的報告。

Professor Shen will give us a talk on travelling in America. 申教授將給我們做關於美國之行的報告。

You are wrong on all these issues. 在這些問題上你的看法都錯了。

The belief is based on practical experience. 這種信念是以實際經驗爲基礎的。

Theory must be based on practice. 理論必須以實踐爲基礎。

The people in the south live on rice. 南方人主食大米。(靠)

The citizens live on their salaries. 城市人靠薪金生活。

You can't afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month. 靠月薪100元的收入,你是買不起奢侈品的。

Her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food. 她用精飼料餵養她心愛的狗。

He is just a scrounger, who lives on other people. 他正是一個小偷,專靠損害別人過日子。

Keep the kettle on the boil (=boiling). 讓水壺的水一直開着。

The enemy are on the run (=running). 敵人在逃跑。

on後接the加上一個作名詞的動詞.其意義與現在分詞所表達的相近。類似例子很多如:

on the march在行軍中,on the mend 在好轉中,on the prowl徘徊,on the move活動中,on the scrounge巧取豪奪(埋語),on the go活躍,忙碌,on the lookout注意, 警戒,on the watch監視着。on the hop趁不備抓住某人等等。

on the People's Democratic Dictatorship < <實踐論 > >和 < <矛盾論 > >

on the People's Democratic Dictatorship < <論人民民主專政 > >

"on Coalition Government" < <論聯合政府 > >

着、罷、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付,相反、準

注:口訣中的“着”是指着火,罷指罷工,偷指偷偷地,公指出差、辦公事;假指休假,準指準時。

例:The house next to mine was on fire. 我鄰居的房子着火了。

The workers of the railway station were on strike. 鐵路工人罷工了。

Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang are on sale on a large sale. 新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了。

do something on the sly (quiet). 祕密地(暗地裏,偷偷地)做某事。

I've come here on business. 我是有公事來的。

They went to Bern on a mission. 他們到伯爾尼去執行一項使命。

They has been away on a long trip. 他們出去做一次長途旅行。

I'll go home on leave next month. 下月我將休假回家。

I went on business to Shanghai. I did not take leave. 我是公出去上海的,不是不告面別。

She came to see you on purpose. 她是專程來看你的。

He came here on purpose to discuss it with you. 他到這來是要與你討論這件事的。

This lunch is on me.

"No. let's go Dutch."

“這頓午飯我付錢。”

“不,還是各付各的。”

On the contrary, it was very easy to understand. 相反,這事兒很容易理解。

P1ease come on time. (on schedule). 請準時來。

注:in time是“及時”的意思。

The train arrived on schedule. 火車準時到達。

特定時間和“一……就”,左右on後動名詞

例:Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling. 氣體加熱時膨脹,冷卻時收縮。(特定時間)

On entering the room, he found his friends dancing in high spirits. 一進屋,他就發現他的朋友們在愉快地跳舞。

On reaching the city he called up Lao Yang. 一到城裏他就給老楊打了一個電話。

I'll write to him on hearing from you. 我接到你的來信就給他寫信。(一……就)

以及on the left, right向左向右,on the stair在臺階上等。

步行、驢、馬、玩笑on,cab,carriage用in

例:On foot步行; on horse騎馬; on donkey 騎驢。

He rode on, blood flowing from his side. 他騎着馬,鮮血從腰部流下來。

The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit. 爲趕上部隊,那位八路軍戰士騎馬日行百里。

Go on horse back! 騎馬去!

You are having me on! 你和我開玩笑呢!

in cab和in carriage 不能用on或by cab或carrige。

at山腳、門口在當前,速、溫、日落價核心

即在山腳下、在門口、在目前,速度、以……速率、溫度、在日落時、在……核心要用at。

例:At the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our comrades. 在山腳下,有我們30個同志。

There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill. 山腳下有一個美麗的湖。

At the gate of the house there are many children playing glassball. 門口有一大羣孩子在玩玻璃球。

Who's standing there at the door? 誰站在門口?

I don't need the dictionary at present. 我現在還不需要這本詞典。

He is at present in Washington. 他目前正在華盛頓。

The train runs at fifty kilometres an hour. 火車每小時行駛50公里。

we built the plant at top speed and minimun cost. 我們以最低的投資,最高的速度修建了該工廠。

at home 在國內,在家裏

at ten degrees centigrade 在攝氏10度

at minus ten degrees centigrade 攝氏零下10度

Water freezes at 0°centigrade. 水在鑷氏零度結冰。

Water usually boils at 100°. 水通常在攝氏loo度沸賜。

at zero 在零度

at the rate of 45 miles an hour

at full speed 全速

at a good price 高價

at a low cost 低成本

at a great cost 花了很大代價

at that time 在當時

Evaporation takes place at all tempertures. 蒸發在任何溫度下都能發生。

at 1000RPM (revolution per minute) 每分鐘1000轉

at a high speed 高速

The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset. 戰士們在日落時對敵人發起了攻擊。

at daybreak 日出時

The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party. 領導我們事業的核心力量是中國共產黨。

The atom has a nucleus at its core. 在原子的中心有一個原於核。

At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was very strict with us. 這學期開始,我們的班主任老師對我們要求非