虛擬語氣6
虛擬語氣進階版之
含蓄性條件句
在表示假設的虛擬語氣中，有時假設的條件並不以條件從句的形式出現，而是通過上下文或句中內在的邏輯關係，或用其它形式表達出來，這就是“含蓄條件句”。常用的有以下四種：1. 用without, with, in, under, but for等介詞短語、分詞短語或獨立主格替代條件從句。
1) without, with without表示否定的條件，意爲if…not；with與without意義相反，表示肯定的條件。
Without air (= If there were no air) , there would be no living things. 如果沒有空氣，就不會有生物。
With her help (= If I had her help), I would do the experiment well. 如果有他的幫助，我會做好這個實驗。
2) under：Under the leadership of a less experienced person (= If there had been the leadership of a less experienced person), the experiment would have failed. 要是一個沒有經驗的人領導，這個實驗就失敗了。
3) in：I would have lost my head in that position (in that position = if I had been in that position) 我處在那種情況下，是會喪失理智的。
4) but for (如果沒有)：But for their help (= If it were not for their help), we could not get over the difficulties. 要不是他們的幫助，我們是克服不了這些困難的。
2. 連接詞or / otherwise (否則，要不然), but, but that (要不是)
He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party. 他昨天很累，不然他就參加那個聚會了。
He was having a meeting, otherwise he would have come over to help us. 他當時正在開會，否則他就會來幫助我們了。
I should have returned the book last week, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so. 我本來應該在上週歸還那本書的，但我太忙了，把這件事給忘了。
But that you had seen me in the water, I would have drowned. 要不是你看見我掉在水裏，我早就被淹死了。
3. 分詞短語：
United (= If they had been united), they wouldn’t have been defeated. 他們要是團結起來，就不會被打敗。
Seen from a high mountain (= If it were seen from a high mountain), the field in which wheat is growing would look like a great green sea. 倘若從高山上看，麥田就像一片碧綠的大海。
4.“名詞+and”結構：
One step further and you would be dead. (= If you took one step further, you would be dead.) 再往前走一步，你就會死。
