引发干眼症的药物
Why are my eyes dry?
我的眼睛为什么干干的？If your eyes are dry and irritated, ask yourself: Could the little pill you pop each day be the culprit? People taking over-the-counter and prescription medications may not realize the extent to which common pills, sprays and drops can starve the eyes of adequate hydration. Dry eye, a chronic condition that's more serious than just a one-time bout of dry eyes. It has been linked to everything from cold relief medicines to prescription heart medicines.
如果你双眼干涩、发炎，那可得问问你自己了：每天都吞下的那个小药丸会不会是罪魁祸首？服用非处方药和处方药的人们可能没有意识到普通药丸、喷雾和滴剂会导致眼睛干涩。干眼症是一种慢性疾病，比一次性的眼睛干涩更为严重。感冒药和心脏处方药都与干眼症相关。And for people on multiple drugs, the potential risk to the eyes is compounded, says Stephanie Crist, Pharm.D., assistant professor of pharmacy practice at St. Louis College of Pharmacy in Missouri.
对于服用多种药物的人来说，眼睛存在的潜在危险更为复杂，密苏里州圣路易斯药学院药学实践的助理教授斯蒂芬妮·克里斯特药剂师说道。
Here are a few categories of medicines linked to dry eye:
这几类药物或导致干眼症：Antihistamines
抗组胺药Antihistamines such as Allegra (fexofenadine), Claritin (loratadine), Zyrtec (Cetirizine), and Benadryl (diphenhydramine) block the effect of the chemical histamine, which the body produces in its attack against allergens. They can provide relief of allergy and cold symptoms, including sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and a runny nose. Unfortunately, these drugs also do a number on your eyes, reducing the watery tear film that keeps them moist.
艾来定（非索非那定）、克敏能（氯雷他定）、仙特敏（西替利嗪）和苯那君（苯海拉明）等抗组胺药会阻断组胺这一化学物质的效用，身体会分泌组胺抵抗过敏原。它们能缓解过敏和感冒症状，包括：打喷嚏、痒、泪液分泌增加和流鼻涕。不幸的是，这些药物也搞坏了你的眼睛，减少了保持眼睛湿润的泪液膜。The fact that dry eye can produce symptoms similar to an allergy can be confusing.
干眼症的某些症状与过敏相似，因此人们会感到困惑。"If you have a scratchy, gravelly graininess, that's lack of watery tear," explains Steven Maskin, M.D., medical director of the Dry Eye and Cornea Treatment Center in Tampa, Fla. "Then ask yourself, did I just take a Benadryl the other day or an allergy medication because I started sneezing? That can dry you out," he said.
"如果眼睛瘙痒，有异物感，那就是缺少泪液了，"佛罗里达州坦帕市干眼和角膜治疗中心的医学主任、临床医学博士史蒂夫·皮姆辛解释道。"那就问问自己，前两天我是不是因为打喷嚏所以用了苯那君或是过敏药物？那会让你干死的，"他说道。Nasal decongestants
鼻充血减轻剂What's soothing to a stuffy nose may not be so gentle on the eyes. Over-the-counter decongestants are the go-to medicines for easing cold and flu symptoms, hay fever and sinusitis. They work by narrowing blood vessels in the membranes of the nose. Blood flow to swollen nasal tissue is reduced, allowing blocked-up noses to breathe with greater ease. Nasal decongestants come as pills, liquids and nasal sprays. They're sold under a slew of brand names containing ingredients like phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine and oxymetazoline. But like antihistamines, they decrease tear production.
能舒缓鼻子不通气的药物可能不利于眼睛。非处方充血减轻剂是用于缓解感冒、流感症状、花粉热和鼻窦炎的药物。这些药物通过缩小鼻膜中的血管起到作用。从而导致肿胀鼻组织的血流量减少，使得被堵塞的鼻子更容易呼吸。鼻充血减轻剂有药丸、液体和喷雾的形式。各大品牌都有销售，鼻充血减轻剂含有苯肾上腺素、伪麻黄碱和羟甲唑啉等成分。但和抗组胺药一样，它们也会减少泪液的产生。
