新概念英語第二冊語法總結:主謂一致大綱
I.單數主語:
1.當 every-, some-, any-, no- 等構成的不定代詞及 each, either, neither 作主語時,謂語動詞為單數。
● Someone has told me about it.
● Neither of us likes the film.
2.當 every 或 each 位於兩個由連接詞連接的單數主語前,謂語動詞用單數。(必記之要點!)
● Each girl and boy has a nickname.
● Every man and woman is welcome.
3.位於主謂之間的介詞短語不影響謂語動詞的數,謂語動詞須和主語一致。常見介詞短語有:in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc.
(這是一幾乎所有考試都不願放過的重點。)
● The teacher along with his students is going to the party.
● His parents as well as his elder sister have come to see him.
II.複數主語:
1.當主語由 and 或 both ... and 連接,通常採用複數謂語動詞。
● Both the girl and the boy are his friends.
2.如主語是both, few或主語前有both, few, several, many 等限定詞時,謂語動詞須用複數。
● Several novels have been written by her.
● Both got the news at the same time.
3.下列名詞總是複數形式且謂語動詞必須用複數。
trousers, pants, jeans, glasses, scissors, tweezers, plier, scales , compasses, etc.
● The trousers here are mine.
別忘了:如果以上名詞受 “a pair of” “the pair of”修飾時,謂語動詞用單數。
The pair of pants is too dirty.
III.單、複數的靈活運用:
1.當主語由 neither... nor, either... or, not only ... but also 或 or 連接時,謂語動詞與nor, or, but also後面的詞一致,在英語語法中,這被稱之為“就近原則”。
● Neither he nor I am going to the airport.
● Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad.
2.當主語前面有 none, all, some, any, most, half, majority等詞時,謂語動詞則根據主語的具體情況而採用相應的單、複數。
● All of the money has been in the bank. (money 是不可數名詞)
● All of us have been here.
3.“a number of”是複數,修飾可數名詞,謂語動詞為複數,“the number of”也修飾複數名詞,但謂語動詞用單數。(黃金要點!!)
● A number of students have passed the exam.
● The number of students in this class is 50.
IV. 用作單數的複數形式主語:
1.如主語是指:time, money, weight, volume, etc. 雖為複數形式,但謂語用單數形式。
● Two years is a short time.
● One hundred dollars is needed by me.
2.下列單詞如:physics,economics,mathematics,Statistics,etc;measles,mumps,herpes,etc,news,ethics,politics,etc. 為複數形式,但謂語動詞用單數。
● Statistics is a dull subject.
● Politics is important.
3.書、報、雜誌、電影的名稱作主語,謂動用作單數。
● The New York Times is a good newspaper.
V.下列名詞在形式上保持不變,但謂語動詞的數取決於其意義:
1.family,team,class,committee,group,audience,faculty,etc.
● The family is big.(總體)
● His family like to watch TV.(家庭所有成員)
2.species,series,etc.
● The species is rare.
● These species are common.
3.sheep,deer,etc.
● The sheep are eating grass.
● The sheep is big.
VI. Chinese, English, French, etc 指語言時,謂動是單數,如與 "the" 搭配,指人民時,謂語動詞用複數。
English is used widely.
The English love peace.
VII. 注意下列外來語的單複數形:
單數 複數
basis bases
crisis crises
criterion criteria
phenomenon phenomena
radius radii
alumnus alumni
datum data
medium media
index indices
appendix appendices
alga algae
vita vitae
測試精編
1. Students today are writing ________ of poetry.
A. a great many lines B. quantities of lines C. lots lines D. a large number
2. The bookstore had not ordered ________ texts for all the students in the course.
A. plenty of B. enough
C. as many D. enough of
3. — What did you see? — We saw ________ police there.
A. many B. much C. little D. the
4. — Do you want to wait? — Two weeks ________ too long for me to wait.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
5. There they were greeted by a woman called Zenobia, ________.
A. being a beautiful woman of wealth and position
B. who is beautiful woman of wealth and position
C. a beautiful woman of wealth and position
D. and a beautiful woman of wealth and position
(後設答案,大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……)
KEYS
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C