詞彙精選：tax的用法和辨析

一、詳細釋義：

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n.

税金；重負 [U,C]

例句：

The Inland Revenue is responsible for collecting income tax.

税務局負責徵收所得税。

例句：

They are calling for large spending cuts and tax increases.

他們呼籲大幅度削減開支並提高税收。

v.

向…課税 [T]

例句：

A government can tax its citizen directly, and it can tax the property they own.

政府可以直接向公民課税，也可以對他們的財產課税。

例句：

The British government taxes tobacco and alcoholic drinks heavily.

英國政府税收煙草和酒精飲料課以重税。

使負重擔 [T]

例句：

Overcrowding has taxed the city's ability to deal with waste.

人口過多使得城市的垃圾處理能力達到了極限。

例句：

These dilemmas would tax the best of statesmen.

這些進退兩難的局面對一流的政治家也是個考驗。

責備，譴責 [T]

例句：

The teacher taxed him with having neglected his work.

老師批評他荒廢了學業。

例句：

The chairman taxed him for his constant lateness.

主席指責他經常遲到。

二、詞義辨析：

tax,impose,assess

這些動詞均有“徵税”之意。tax普通用詞，指用各種不同方法向個人或單位徵收所得税、房地產税等各種税款。側重實際徵收金錢。 impose指在決定個別案件中的處罰或罰款，尤指政府徵收某種税收的決定。assess指一般情況下，徵收房地產税、罰款或其它費用。

三、相關短語：

nuisance tax

n. 小額消費品税

poll tax

人頭税

sales tax

n. 營業税

stamp tax

n.<美>印花税

tax evasion

n. 逃税，漏税

tax shelter

納税隱蔽所(指公司、個人等把收入重新投資於某些用途從而避免繳納該部分收入所得税的方法)減免所得税合法手段英英解釋:名詞 tax shelter:a way of organizing business to reduce the taxes it must pay on current earnings 同義詞：shelter

value-added tax

n.(商品)增值税

withholding tax

n.<美>代扣所得税

tax collector

n.税務人員

capital gains tax

資本收益税，資本增值税證券所得税

direct tax

n.直接税(如所得税)

estate tax

<英> 房地產遺產税

四、參考例句：

Tax preparers

報税員

Tax cheats have declined.

偷税逃税事件已有所減少。

This tax should be abolished.

這種税應該取消。

Tax revenues increased last year.

去年税收增加了。

He was arrested for tax evasion.

他因為逃税而被捕。

He was scourged for tax evasion.

他因逃税受到嚴懲。

It is more like a tax collector.

它更像是一個收税員。

There are tax incentives to encourage saving.

有税收激勵政策鼓勵人們進行儲蓄。

What do you earn, net of tax?

你完税後淨得多少?

There was uproar over the tax increase.

增税引起了一片怨聲。