強人所難:force的用法和辨析
Love is a force of nature.
——Brokeback Mountain
愛是與生俱來的能力。
——《斷背山》
一、你知道force有幾種含義嗎?
n.
1.力,力量,力氣 [U] the physical strength of sth that is shown as it hits sth else
A great man can dominate others by force of character.
偉人能以人格的力量支配他人。
2.武力;暴力 [U] violent physical action used to obtain or achieve sth
We will never yield to force.
我們決不會向暴力屈服。
3.影響力;效力 [U] the strong effect or influence of sth
Nothing can abate the force of that argument.
什麼也不能減弱那崇論的影響力。
4.一羣人;部隊;兵力 a group of people who have been trained to protect other people, usually by using weapons
The small British contingent belongs to the UN peace-keeping force.
這支英國小分隊是屬於聯合國維和部隊的。
5.(社會)勢力,威力,實力,權力;有影響的人(或事物) the authority of sth
The remainder of Al Qaeda and Taliban force may start new attacks.
蓋達和塔利班組織殘餘勢力可能發動新攻勢。
v.
1.強制,迫使,逼迫 [T] make sb do sth that they do not want to do
He was forced into resigning.
他被迫辭職。
2.施強力於;強行促成 [T] to use physical strength to move sb / sth into a particular position
The thief forced the lock and broke in the house.
小偷強行開鎖然後闖進屋子裏來了。
3.強作,勉強做出 [T] to make yourself smile, laugh, etc. rather than doing it naturally
She managed to force a smile.
她勉強笑笑。
4.促成早熟,促成生長 [T] to make fruit, plants, etc. grow or develop faster than normal by keeping them in special conditions
Using plant growth substance to force the rhubarb.
使用植物生長調節劑來催熟大黃。
5.竭力提高,抬高;竭力加快…的進程;使過勞(以致受損傷)[T] to make sth happen, especially before other people are ready
Article15 Tenderers shall not submit tenders in collusion with one another to force the tender price up or down.
第十五條投標者不得串通投標,抬高標價或者壓低標價。
二、詞義辨析:有哪些詞彙能表達“迫使”的意思
compel, force, constrain, oblige
這些動詞均含“迫使”之意。
compel指在法律、權力、力量或行動等的驅使下被迫而為。
force指用個人意志、權力、權威或暴力等,迫使他人改變看法或做本不願做的事。
constrain側重施加約束力或有約束作用的影響,也指環境對人強加的影響迫使人去做某事,尤指受良心、情感等內在力量驅使去做某事。
oblige指由於生理上或道德上的需要,促使某人做某事,也指有權威的人或機構迫使某人做某事,還可指在特定情況下被迫作出的反應。
三、下面我們來學習一下含有force的常見短語
air force
n. 空軍,美國空軍
centrifugal force
n[物].地心引力
centripetal force
n.向心力
force out
v. 1.把…趕走,擠掉;迫使離開,屈服
force pump
n. 壓力泵
四、最後,做個小測試吧
Building a new road here will _____ house prices down.
在這裏修建一條新道路將使房價下跌。