大學英語寫作修辭
英語寫作中對於修辭手法的巧妙運用,可不是大學生的專利,任何一個學習英語的人都可以做到。下面是本站小編給大家整理的大學英語寫作修辭,供大家參閲!
大學英語寫作中修辭手法的運用修辭手段一般主要用於文學性寫作中。但在大學英語的英文寫作中有時也需要運用一定的具有英文特徵的修辭手段,而且運用得好,會使語句生動從而增添語句亮點。因此,掌握一些一般常用修辭手段對於實現語句亮點也是非常必要的。
對於大學英語寫作來説,主要應該掌握以下修辭手段,又稱語句辭格,包括結構辭格與語義辭格。對比、排比、重複、倒裝等為結構辭格,轉義、雙關、矛盾等則為語義辭格。
1.對比正反對比就是要巧妙地運用對稱的英文句式來表達互為補充的意思,因此恰當地運用反義詞語往往是必不可少的。如果一旦所要表達的內容具有這種情況,就應盡力選用這種對稱的句式並選用適當的反義詞語來加強語句,實現語句的亮點。
1)如“很多人很快就會發現,他們在物質上是富裕了,精神上卻很貧乏”,可以這樣達:
Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods,but ragged in spirit.(注:句中rich in與ragged in,goods與spirit具有正反對比的關係和效果。)
2)如“利遠遠大於弊”,可以這樣表達:
The advantages for outweigh the disadvantages.(注:句中the advantages與the disadvantages具有正反對比的關係和效果。)
3)如“他們注意到了這些説法中的一些道理,但他們卻忽視了一個重要的事實”,可以這樣表達:
They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements,but have ignored a more important fact.(注:句中have noticed與have ignored,a grain of truth in
the statements與a more important fact具有正反對比的關係和效果。)
4)如“這樣做既有積極效果也有消極效果”,可以這樣表達:
It will have both negative and positive effects by so doing.(注:句中negative與positive具有正反對比的關係和效果)
5)如“我們既有與我們很為相似的朋友,又有與我們很為不同的朋友”,可以這樣表達:
We have friends similar to us and friends different from us.(注:句中similar to與different from具有正反對比的關係和效果)
2.排比英文中有時也使用排比句式,這種句式整齊而有氣勢,又不會使人感到單調。例如,如“讀書使我們聰明,鍛鍊使我們強健”,可以這樣表達:
Reading makes us wise while exercises make us strong.
3.重複英文一般講求簡潔,因此為表達強調偶爾使用重複可以使語句的強調內容得到突出。英文的重複又根據被重複詞語在語句中的位置分為句首重複、句尾重複、首尾重複、尾首重複等。
1)如“現在是忘掉過去一切的時候了。現在是言歸正傳的時候了。現在是為未來而奮鬥的時候了”,可以這樣表達:
Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now is the time to work hard for the future.(注:此句為句首重複,重複部分為句首的now it the time to)
2)如“我們渴望成功,而且正在為成功而努力工作”,可以這樣表達:
We long for success and we are working hard for success.(注:此句為句尾重複,重複的部分為句尾的for success.)
3)如“我相信我們能夠成功,我相信我們也一定會成功”,可以這樣表達:
I am convinced that we can succeed,and Iam convinced that we must succeed.(注:and所連接的兩個語句的句首與句尾部分同時重複,重複的部分為句首的I am convinced that與句尾的succeed)
4)如“我們現在生活在一個新的時代,而一個改革充滿着風險與機遇”,可以這樣表達:
We are now living in a new era,and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances.(注:and之前的句尾與and之後的句首重複,重複部分為a new era.)
4.倒裝這裏説的倒裝不同於前述非修辭性的語法結構倒裝。非修辭性的語法結構倒裝是語句的語法結構所限定的,沒有自由選擇的餘地,只要運用需要倒裝結構的句型就要採用倒裝結構。這裏所説的倒裝是指修辭性語義結構倒裝,是進行強調的一種手段,它利用了語句句首(或句尾)的特殊位置。例如,如“充滿着風險與機遇的改革的新時代正向我們走來”,可以這樣表達:
Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances.
5.轉義轉義是一種對詞語靈活運用的修辭手段,主要有比喻、擬人、誇張、反語、婉轉等,比喻又包括明喻、暗喻、換喻、提喻等。
1)如要表達“過去的經歷就像圖片一樣總是在腦海中縈繞”,英文可為:
What had been experienced in the past was always looming in memory like a picture.(注:此句採用明喻,明喻的特點是使用了like一詞)
2)如要表達“我們的英語老師就是我們最好的英語辭典”,英文可為:
Our English teacher is our best English dictionary.(注:此句採用暗喻,暗喻的特點是利用事物之間的相似之處進行比喻,與明喻不同之處在於不使用like一詞)
3)如要表達“我正在讀莎土比亞的書呢”,英文可為:
I am reading Shakespeare.(注:此句採用換喻,換喻的特點是直接借用一事物的名稱宋代替另一事物的名稱,使用通過聯想理解其含義,但不是所有的事物都是可以用換喻來表達的)
4)如要表達“這裏需要一個幫手”,英文可為:
A hand is needed here.(注:此句採用提喻,提喻的特點是用一個事物的部分來代表事物的整體或用一個事物的整體來代表事物的部分。這裏用hand一詞代表整個人)
5)如要表達“巨大的不幸籠罩着整個城市”,英文可為:
A great misfortune crept over the whole city.(注:此句採用擬人。擬人的特點是將事物人格化)
6)如要表達“這種想法可真是偉大的愚蠢”,英文可為:
This is really a great stupid idea.(注:此句採用反語。反語的特點是故意將話反説,具有諷刺意味)
7)如要表達“我太渴望成功了。聽到成功的消息我欣喜若狂”,英文可為:
I was mad for success and on the news of success I went mad with joy.(注:此句採用誇張。誇張的特點是為表現事物的特徵故意誇大其詞)
英語寫作常用修辭手法英語中的修辭與漢語的修辭相比,分類細,種類多.下面將英語的修辭簡單介紹如下:
le 明喻
明喻是將具有共性的不同事物作對比.這種共性存在於人們的心裏,而不是事物的自然屬性.
標誌詞常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如:
1> was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as c cloud.
3>tein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.
phor 隱喻,暗喻
隱喻是簡縮了的明喻,是將某一事物的名稱用於另一事物,通過比較形成. 例如:
1> is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
2> books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
nymy 借喻,轉喻
借喻不直接説出所要説的事物,而使用另一個與之相關的事物名稱. I.以容器代替內容,例如:
1> kettle boils. 水開了.
2> room sat silent. 全屋人安靜地坐着.
II.以資料.工具代替事物的名稱,例如:
Lend me your ears, please. 請聽我説.
英語寫作必備修辭手法III.以作者代替作品,例如:
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亞全集
VI.以具體事物代替抽象概念,例如:
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.
我有力氣,他們就用我的力氣賺錢.
cdoche 提喻
提喻用部分代替全體,或用全體代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如:
1>e are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的廠里約有100名工人.
2> is the Newton of this century.
他是本世紀的牛頓.
3> fox goes very well with your cap.
這狐皮圍脖與你的帽子很相配.
esthesia 通感,聯覺,移覺
這種修辭法是以視.聽.觸.嗅.味等感覺直接描寫事物.
例如:
1> birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice. 鳥兒落在樹上,傾瀉出百合花似的聲音.
2>e the music of Mozart.
品嚐Mozart的音樂.
onification 擬人
擬人是把生命賦予無生命的事物.
例如:
1> night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.
2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.
rbole 誇張
誇張是以言過其實的説法表達強調的目的.它可以加強語勢,增加表達效果.. 例如:
1>.I beg a thousand pardons.
2> you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars. 3> she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
llelism 排比, 平行
這種修辭法是把兩個或兩個以上的結構大體相同或相似,意思相關,語氣一致的短語.句子排列成串,形成一個整體.
例如:
1> one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy. 2> the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.
emism 委婉,婉辭法
婉辭法指用委婉,文雅的方法表達粗惡,避諱的話.
例如:
1> is out visiting the necessary.
他出去方便一下.
2> relation with his wife has not been fortunate.
他與妻子關係不融洽.
3> Xiaoping passed away in 1997.
gory 諷喻,比方
這是一種源於希臘文的修辭法,意為"換個方式的説法".它是一種形象的描述,具有雙重性,表層含義與真正意味的是兩回事.
例如:
1> the hay while the sun shines.
2>'s time to turn plough into sword.
y 反語
反語指用相反意義的詞來表達意思的作文方式.如在指責過失.錯誤時,用贊同過失的説法,而在表揚時,則近乎責難的説法.
例如:
1> would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.
2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.
雙關
雙關就是用一個詞在句子中的雙重含義,借題發揮.作出多種解釋,旁敲側擊,從而達到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的詞形.詞意和諧音的方式出現.
例如:
1> is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.
2> ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.
3> we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.
dy 仿擬
這是一種模仿名言.警句.諺語,改動其中部分詞語,從而使其產生新意的修辭. 例如:
1> was not built in a day, nor in a year.
2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.
3> you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.
orical question 修辭疑問
它與疑問句的不同在於它並不以得到答覆為目的,而是以疑問為手段,取得修辭上的效果,其特點是:肯定問句表示強烈否定,而否定問句表示強烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.
例如:
1> was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?
2>l we allow those untruths to go unanswered?
thesis 對照,對比,對偶
這種修辭指將意義完全相反的語句排在一起對比的一種修辭方法. 例如:
1> that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.
2> are staying; I am going.
3> me liberty, or give me death.
dox 雋語
這是一種貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深長的説法,是一種矛盾修辭法.. 例如:
1> haste, less speed.
2> child is the father to the man.
oron 反意法,逆喻
這也是一種矛盾修辭法,用兩種不相調和的特徵形容一個事物,以不協調的搭配使讀者領悟句中微妙的含義.
例如:
1> light, but rather darkness visible.
2> state of this house is cheerless welcome.
ax 漸進法,層進法
這種修辭是將一系列詞語按照意念的大小.輕重.深淺.高低等逐層漸進,最後達到頂點.可以增強語勢,逐漸加深讀者印象.
例如:
1>.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.
2> had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.
climax 漸降法
與climax相反的一種修辭法,將一系列詞語由大到小,由強到弱地排列. 例如:
1> his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.
2> duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.