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關於細胞和溫度Cells and Temperature

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padding-bottom: 78.88%;">關於細胞和溫度Cells and Temperature

細胞與溫度

    活細胞不能保持一定的溫度範圍之外,並限制就更小標記的有效運作的界限。哺乳動物和鳥類的酶系統是最有效的只在37℃左右的很小範圍的幾度從這個值都會大大削弱它們的工作。儘管溫度變化更大時細胞仍能存活,但機體系統的整體執行能力卻被削弱了。其它動物對體溫的變化有更強的耐受性。

     幾個世紀以來,人們就認識到哺乳動物和鳥類的方式調節體溫與其它動物不同。對這種差異的描述更加準確,隨著時間的推移有意義的,但至今仍在大眾詞彙中有所反映:“熱血”和“冷血”的物種,這一古老的分類溫血動物包括哺乳動物和鳥類,其它動物統統被認為是感冒熱血。隨著越來越多的物種進行的研究,很明顯,這個分類是不夠的。一個籬笆蜥蜴和沙漠鬣蜥,每個冷血----通常有一個體溫只比人類的2度,所以是不冷。因此又作了區分動物的體溫保持恆定,稱為home0therms,以及那些用自己的體溫的環境中,所謂poikilotherms各不相同。但這種分類也證明不夠的,因為在哺乳動物中,有許多不同冬眠期間體溫。此外,許多無脊椎動物,在海洋中從未體驗從未體驗的海洋,在寒冷的深海水域水深變化改變生活的深處,他們的體溫保持不變。 

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