英語四級語法基礎知識必備（04）
Ⅱ 非謂語動詞
不定式
形式
主動形式 被動形式
一般式to do to be done
完成式to have done to have been done
進行式to be doing
完成進行式to have been doing
完成式: 不定式的一般形式所表示的動作, 通常與主要謂語表示的動作(狀態)同時(或幾乎同時)發生, 或是在它之後發生. 假如不定式所表示的動作, 在謂語所表示的動作(狀態)之前發生, 就要用不定式的完成式。
I am glad to have seen you. mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother).
(比較: I am glad to see you.)
He is said to have written a new book about workers.
He pretended not to have seen me.
進行式: 如果主要謂語表示的動作(狀態)發生時, 不定式表示的動作正在進行, 這時要用不定式的進行式。
You are not supposed to be working. You haven't quite recovered yet.
We didn't expect you to be waiting for us here.
He pretended to be listening attentively.
完成進行式: 在謂語所表示的時間之前一直進行的動作, 就要用不定式的完成進行式.
The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years.
We are happy to have been working with you.
