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從零開始學語法:具有連接作用的副詞

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英語裏有一些連接副詞,這類具有連接作用的副詞又叫做準連詞。

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besides 此外

I am too tired to go; besides, it's too late.
我很累不能去,此外,天色也晚了。

hence 因此

My mother is by herself; hence I must go home now.
我媽媽獨自一人在家,因此我現在必須回去了。

meanwhile 與此同時

Mother went shopping; meanwhile I cleaned the house.
母親去購物,與此同時我打掃房間。

moreover 此外

Bicycling is good exercise; moreover, it won't pollute the air.
騎自行車是一種很好的運動,此外,還不污染空氣。

then 此外,還有

I was there; then there were my mother and father.
我在那兒,此外,我的爸爸媽媽也在那兒。

therefore 因此

I think; therefore I am.
我思故我在。

thus 因此

It's late, and thus you must go.
天晚了,因此你必須走。

下面來看幾個連接副詞在作副詞和連詞時的區別:

However

however 作副詞時,可位於形容詞/副詞之前:

You couldn't earn much, however hard you worked.
無論你幹得多賣力,你都掙不了多少錢。

however 作連詞時通常意爲“但是”,可位於它所引導的從句之前或之後,或位於第一個詞或短語之後:

I'll offer it to Tom. However, he may not want it. / He may not want it however. / Tom, however, may not want it.
我將提出把這個給湯姆,然而他可能不要它。

但提到兩句意義相反的話時, however意爲“但是/仍然/同樣”:

They hadn't trained hard, however ( / but / nevertheless / all the same) they won.
他們並沒有刻苦訓練,但/無論如何/仍然/同樣獲勝了。

Otherwise

otherwise 作爲副詞時常常位於動詞之後:

It must be used in a well-ventilated room. Used otherwise it could be harmful.
必須在通風條件好的房間裏使用。如不這樣使用則可能是有害的。

otherwise 作連詞時意爲“要是不/否則”:

We must be early; otherwise we won't get a seat.
我們得早點去,否則我們就沒有座位了。

在英語口語中,這裏也可用or:

We must be early or(else)we won't get a seat.
我們得早點去,否則我們就沒有座位了。

So

so 作程度副詞,位於形容詞/副詞之前:

It was so hot that...
天氣太熱了,因而……

They ran so fast that...
他們騎得太快了,因而……

so 作連詞時位於它所引導的從句之前:

Our cases were heavy, so we took a taxi.
我們的箱子太重了,所以我們要了輛出租車。

Still & Yet

still 和 yet 可作時間副詞:

The children are still up. They haven't had supper yet.
孩子們還沒上牀睡覺/醒着。他們還沒吃晚飯呢。

still 和 yet 作連詞時位於它們所引導的從句之前。still 意爲“雖承認某事/儘管如此”;yet 意爲“不管,不顧/同樣/儘管如此”。

It's raining; still I'd like to go.
天下着雨,儘管如此,我還是要去的。

They are ugly and expensive; yet people buy them.
它們既難看又昂貴,但人們還是買。