中國銀行的作用

銀行是以存款、貸款、電匯、儲蓄等業務，承擔信用中介的金融機構。接下來小編爲大家整理了中國銀行的作用，希望對你有幫助哦!

Role of the Banking Sector in China

ough banks share many common features with other profit-seeking businesses, they play a unique role in the economy through mobilizing savings, allocating capital funds to finance productive investment, transmitting monetary policy, providing a payment system and transforming risks.

儘管銀行與其他以盈利爲目的的企業具有許多共同的特徵，但它在國民經濟中還發揮着特殊的作用。銀行可以動員儲蓄，爲生產性企業投資調配資金，傳遞貨幣政策，提供支付系統，轉化風險。

(1)整個第一段是由"連詞although……"引導的主從複合句(讓步狀語從句)，意爲"雖然;縱使;儘管……但……"。

through介詞，後面跟了幾個並列的"動名詞短語"，有mobilizing…,allocating…,transmitting…,providing…,transforming…。

(2)the banking industry in China

banking：銀行業

例：the banking industry in China：中國銀行業

the banking sector：銀行業

a banking crisis：銀行業危機

banking hours：銀行營業時間

industry：①產業

例：primary industry第一產業;初級產業(從事初級原材料，如煤炭、木材、農產品等生產的產業)

secondary industry第二產業;次級產業(從事利用初級原材料生產加工製成品的產業)

tertiary(service) industry第三產業;服務行業(不生產原材料，也不生產加工製成品，而僅提供服務的產業，例如銀行業、零售業、會計工作等)

②行業

例：advertising industry：廣告業

the insurance industry：保險業

③sector：部門;部分

例：All sectors of the economy suffered from the rise in the exchange rate.

所有經濟部門都受到匯率上升的影響。

public sector：政府部門;公營部門

private sector：私營部門

(股票市場的)行業;按行業(如銀行業)分類上市股票

(3)share common features：具有共同特徵

share: have a share:(share in sth)：共有;分享;分擔

例：to share losses(expenses)：分擔損失(費用)

to share the blame(responsibility)：分擔過失(責任)

to share in profits：分享利益

(4)profit-seeking business：以盈利爲目的的企業

business: shop; commercial enterprise,etc：商店;工商企業等

(5)economy: ①(instance of) avoidance of waste of money,strength or anything else of value：節約;節儉

例：to introduce economies(economy measures) into the system：實行節約措施

economies of scale：規模經濟(通過增加產量來降低成本，提高利潤)

②system for the management and use of resources：經濟(制度)，一個國家的經濟狀況(一個國家的財政金融狀況，一個國家賺錢、用錢的方式)

例：controlled economy：受政府控制的經濟

free market economy：自由市場經濟(政府對經濟不進行任何形式的干預的經濟制度)

global economy：全球經濟

mixed economy：混合經濟(既有國有工業也有私人企業的經濟制度)

planned economy：計劃經濟(政府對所有經濟活動進行計劃的經濟制度)

(6)to mobilize savings：動員儲蓄

mobilize: ect together for service or use：動員(尤指戰勝敵人的動員)

例：to mobilize capital

慕集資金以支持某事

to mobilize resources to defend a takeover bid

求得股東等的支持以阻止公司被收購

(7)allocate capital funds to finance productive investment爲生產性企業投資調配資金

allocate (to/for):give,put on one side, as a share or for a purpose：按計劃分配;配給

例：to allocate shares：分配股份(將可供股票數目在大批申請購股人之間進行分配)

to allocate capital funds：分配資金;調配資金

We allocate 10% of yearly revenue to advertisement.我們把10%的年收入用於廣告。

(8)finance: ide money for (a scheme,etc)：v.提供資金

例：to finance an operation：爲一項目提供資金

(9)capital funds：資本金;資金

例：capital assets：資本資產(公司擁有並使用的房地產或機器等)

capital goods：資本品，生產資料(用於製造其他產品的商品，如機器設備等)

capital profit：資本盈餘，資本利潤(資產變賣所得利潤)

(10)monetary policy：貨幣政策

monetary: money or a currency：貨幣的;通貨的

例：monetary control：貨幣控制(控制貨幣供應量)

the government‘s monetary policy政府的貨幣政策(與金融有關的政府政策，如貨幣供應量、銀行利率、政府支出與借款)

monetary standard：貨幣本位(爲貨幣固定比價，如把貨幣的價值同一定量黃金掛鉤、稱金本位制)

manetary targets：貨幣目標(政府在制定第二年預算時所確定的一些數字，如貨幣供應量、公共部門借款需求等)

monetary unit：貨幣單位(一國的或國家集團內的標準貨幣，如人民幣的元、英鎊、美元、法郎、非洲金融共同體法郎、歐共體貨幣單位等)

the international monetary system：國際貨幣體系(國與國之間控制貨幣和兌換貨幣的方式)

the International Monetary Fund(IMF)：國際貨幣基金組織

(11)to transform risks轉化風險;轉移風險

risk: n.(instance of) possibility or chance of meeting danger,suffering loss,injury,etc：風險(可能的損害或危害);危險

例：to run a risk：冒風險(很可能遭受損害)

to take a risk：承擔風險(做可能使自己損失錢財或遭受傷害的事)

t, banks serve as a principal repository of liquid funds for the public.

第一，銀行是社會流動資金的集散地。

(1)serve: satisfactory for a need or purpose：利於，合適;可作……用(與as或for連用)

例：A worm will serve as bait.蛹可作餌用。

This room will serve for the office.這個房間可作辦公室用。

(2)the public:members of the community in general：公衆;民衆(此處引伸爲"整個社會")

(3)principal repository：主要集散地;樞紐

principal: est in order of importance：最重要的

repository:place where things are or may be stored：n.倉庫，儲藏所(此處引伸爲"集散地，集散中心")

(4)liquid funds：流動資金

liquid: ly sold or changed into cash：易變現的，含有大量現金的，流動的

例：liquid assets：流動資產(指現金或易變現票據)

to go liquid：將(儘可能多的)資產轉換成現金

liquid market：流動市場，交易旺盛的市場(某種證券的市場，這個市場有足夠的股票可供出售而不扭曲價格。其反義詞是thin market：交易清淡的市場)

safety and availability of such funds for transactions and other purposes are essential to the stability and efficiency of the financial system.

銀行吸納的資金可用於儲戶的日常交易或其他目的，這種資金的安全性和可獲得性，對保證金融體系的穩定和效率至關重要。

(1)be essential to：對……至關重要

essential: ssary;indispensable;most important

(2)stability: ity of being stable:穩定性;安定

(3)efficiency: e or quality of being efficient:效力;效率

efficient: ucing a desired or satisfactory result:有效力的;有效率的

(4)the financial system：金融體系

①financial: finance：金融的;財務的

例：financial institutions：金融機構(從事證券投資業務的機構，比如銀行同業協會、養老基金或保險公司)

financial intermediary：金融中介(從事吸收存款、發放貸款業務的金融機構，包括銀行、租賃公司及各種類型的金融機構)

financial instrument：金融工具(在股票市場或其他金融市場進行的任何形式的投資，如購買股票、政府債券、大額存單、匯票等)

②system:group of things or parts working together in a regular relation：系統，體制;制度

例：a payment system：支付體系，支付系統

the whole financial system：整個金融系統

banking system：銀行體系

information system：信息系統

monetary(money) system：貨幣制度

Paragraph 3

nd, by channeling savings to productive investments, banks play a key role in facilitating efficient allocation of scarce financial resources.

第二，銀行通過將儲蓄引導到生產性投資領域，在有效配置有限的金融資源方面起着關鍵的作用。

(1)channel……(to): e to go through a channel:使經過某種路線前進;引導

channel: way by which news,ideas,etc may travel:(消息，意見等傳播的)途徑;路線;方法

(2)savings: y saved up:(復)儲金;儲蓄

例：keep one‘s savings in a bank:把儲蓄的錢存在銀行

savings account:儲蓄賬戶

(3)productive investments:生產性投資(領域)

(4)to play a unique role (in)：發揮着特殊作用

to play a key role (in)：起着關鍵作用

(5)to facilitate efficient allocation of：有效配置……

facilitate: easy;lessen the difficulty of：使容易;使便利

(6)scarce financial resources：有限的(稀缺的)金融資源

scarce: available in sufficient quantity; not equal to the demand：缺乏的;稀罕的

Paragraph 4

d, banks serve to transmit the impulses of monetary policy to the whole financial system and ultimately to the real economy.

第三，銀行將貨幣政策的變化趨勢傳導到整個金融系統並最終至實體經濟部門。

(1)transmit (to): or hand on;send on:傳送;傳遞

(2)the impulse of monetary policy：貨幣政策態勢(傳導機制，調節機制)

impulse: ency to act without reflection：不假思索而行事的頃向

sudden inclination to act without thought about the consequences：衝動

(3)the real economy：實體經濟部門

real: ting in fact：真實的;

(價格等)實際的(按照通貨膨脹率重新調整過的)

例：real income(real wages)：實際收入(實際工資)(扣除所得稅並排除通貨膨脹因素後的可支配收入)

real interest rate：實際利率(考慮通貨膨脹後的利率)

real value：實際價值(通過指數化等方法保持不變的投資價值)

th, the banking sector provides the indispensable national payments mechanism for the development of modern financial and business systems.

第四，銀行部門爲現代財政和企業體制的發展提供必要的國家支付體系。

(1)the indispensable national payment mechanism：必要的國家支付體系

indispensable：a.不可缺少的;絕對必要的

mechanism: in which sth works or is constructed：機制;結構

例：competitive mechanism：競爭機制

exchange rate mechanism：匯率機制

market mechanism：市場機制

price mechanism：價格機制

mechanism of exchange：交易機構

mechanism of government：政府機構

(2)modern financial and business systems：現代財務制度和工商企業體系

Paragragh 6

h, the banking system as a whole reduces risks through aggregation and enables them to be carried by those more willing to bear them.

整個銀行體系採用集中風險的手段來降低風險，使那些更原意承擔風險的人去承擔風險。

(1)aggregation: n.聚集;彙集(風險)

aggregate: g or come together in a mass聚集;匯聚

them:此處指"風險"

carry them (risks):負擔(具有)風險

carry: v. involve;entail:具有;使負擔

例：The loan carries 3.5% interest.該貸款負擔百分之三點五的利息。

(2)(those persons) (who are) more willing to bear them:更原意承擔風險的(那些人)

由(who are) willing to bear them定語從句(簡化爲分詞短語)修飾前面的those (persons)。

bear: re承擔;忍受

Paragragh 7

owing five decades of evolution, particularly more than two decades of reform and opening to the outside world, China‘s banking sector has entered a stage of vigorous development.

中國銀行業經過50年的發展，特別是經過20多年的改革開放，已經進入了一個蓬勃發展的階段。

(1)decade: od of ten years:十年的期間

(2)evolution: ess of opening out or developing:發育;發展

(3)reform and opening to the outside world:改革開放

4、 The past few years have seen marked acceleration of China‘s banking reform, particularly significant strengthening of the central bank’s capacity for supervision and microeconomic management.

在過去的幾年中，中國銀行業的改革速度顯著加快，特別是強化了中央銀行的監管職能和對宏觀經濟的管理職能。

(1)strenghen: or become strong(er)加強;強化

(2)capacity: ity能力;職能

(3)supervision: n.監督;管理

supervise: h and direct監督;管理;指導

(4)microeconomic management:宏觀經濟管理

(5)openness: ness

Paragragh 8

5. The evolution of the Chinese banking system can be broadly divided into three phases.

現代中國銀行業體制的發展演變大體上分爲三個階段。

(1)phase: e of development:階段;時期

establishment of the People‘s Bank of China (PBC) in December 1984 marked the beginning of the first phase, which was characterized by a mono-bank engaged in both policy and commercial banking operations.

這個階段以中國人民銀行由既從事政策性銀行業務，又從事商業性銀行業務的單一銀行(制度)爲特徵。

本句爲由which引導的非限制性定語從句，對主句作補充說明。

(1)be characterized by …:以……爲特徵

(2)mono-bank (system):單一銀行(制度)

mono-:(字首)表示"單一"之意。

(3)由engaged in …過去分詞短語修飾前面的a mono-bank (system)。

is dictated by highly centralized planned economic system.

這種體制是由高度集中的計劃經濟體制決定的。

(1)highly centralized planned economic system:高度集中的計劃經濟體制

(2)dictate: v.口授命令;支配

second phase begin in 1984 when the State Council decided to make the PBC function as a central bank.

第二階段始於1984年，是國務院決定由中國人民銀行行使中央銀行的職能。

此句爲由when關係副詞引導的定語從句，修飾前面的時間先行詞1984年。

(1)to make the PBC function as a central bank:使中國人民銀行行使中央銀行職能

(2)make: e to be or become:使;使成爲

(3)function (as…):operate;act:盡職責;起作用

(4)PBC(People‘s Bank of China):the central bank of our country中國人民銀行，即我國的中央銀行

decision,which was made in response to the increased role of market forces in the economy,promoted diversification of financial institutions with the establishment of the four specialized banks,now known as wholly state-owned commercial banks.

該決定是針對當時市場經濟活動在整個國民經濟生活中的作用明顯提高的情況作出的，它促進了金融機構多元化的發展，先後組建了四大專業銀行，即現在人們所說的四家國有獨資商業銀行。

(1)which引導非限制性定語從句。

(2)in response to:對……作出反應;對……作出回答

(3)market forces:市場因素;市場經濟活動

force: g that makes great changes:引起重大改變的事物;因素;力

例：economic forces:經濟因素

monetary forces:貨幣因素

(4)diversification: n.多種經營;多元化

diversify: diverse;give variety to:使不同;使變化

diversification of export:出口多樣化

diversification of risk:風險分散

(5)specialized bank:專業銀行

(6)wholly state-owned commercial bank:國有獨資商業銀行

Paragragh 10

third phase began in 1993 when the State Council issued the Decision on Financial Reform, recognizing the urgent need for developing new financial markets, institutions and instruments.

第三階段始於1984年，那一年國務院頒發了《關於金融體制改革的決定》，強調了建立和發展新的金融市場、金融機構以及金融工具的重要性和緊迫性。

(1)Decision on Financial Reform:《關於金融體制改革的決定》

government introduced a comprehensive package of measures aimed at restoring financial order as well as addressing the inflationary pressure and signs of overheating,particularly in the real estate sector and the stock markets.

政府採取了一系列措施以整頓金融秩序，應對通貨膨脹的壓力及經濟過熱現象，尤其是房地產和股票市場的過熱現象。

(1)introduce(into;to):bring sth into use or into operation for the first time:採用;引進;提倡

例：introduce new ideas into a business:引進新觀念於一事業

(2)package:detailed plan:詳細的計劃

comprehensive: comprehend much:包羅廣泛的;綜合性的

例：a complete package:整批

a comprehensive package of:一籃子;一系列

(3)aim at:have as a plan or intention:計劃;打算;以……爲目標

(4)restore:make welll or normal again;bring back (to a former condition):使恢復健康或正常;使恢復(以前的情況)

例：Law and order were quickly restored after the attempted violence.那次暴亂之後，法律與秩序迅速恢復了。

(5)address:引導;指引

(6) inflationary pressure:通貨膨脹壓力

(7)(economic) overheating:經濟過熱

(8)real estate:(legal)immovable property consisting of land,any natural resources,and buildings:(法律)房地產;不動產

(9)stock market:股票市場

ng this period a number of important structural measures have been taken with particular significance for the banking sector.

在這一階段中，政府對銀行部門進行了一系列具有重要意義的結構性調整。

(1)(take) structural measures:(進行)結構性調整;採取結構性調整措施

first was the unification of the renminbi(RMB) exchange rates and foreign exchange markets in January 1994.

其中包括：第一，1994年1月實行了人民幣匯率並軌。

(1)unification of Renminbi exchange rates:人民幣匯率並軌

exchange rates:匯率

unification: g unified:統一;單一化

unify: into one;unite:使合一;統一

nd, the passage of central banking and commercial banking laws in 1995 has provided legal basis for the banking system in China.

第二，1995年通過中央銀行法和商業銀行法爲中國的銀行體制改革提供了法律依據。

(1)provide legal basis for…:爲……提供法律依據

d, the acceptance of the obligations of Article VIII of the Artiles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund in December 1996, namely commitment to RMB current account convertibility, has officially removed the remaining restrictions on international payments for trade and service transactions.

第三，1962年12月，我國接受國際貨幣基金協定第八條義務，承諾人民幣在經常賬戶下可兌換，消除了官方對國際商品和服務貿易的外匯支付限制。

(1)Article VIII of the Artiles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund:國際貨幣基金組織協定第八條款

(2)RMB current account convertibility:人民幣在經常項目下可兌換(第八條款的一項內容)

th, the establishment of a unified inter-bank money market in 1996 has facilitated better liquidity adjustment for financial institutions.

第四，1996年建立了統一的銀行間拆借市場，爲金融機構調整流動性創造了更好的條件。

(1)interbank money market:銀行同業拆借市場

inter-:among;between:在……之中;在……中間

money market:貨幣市場

(2)liquidity adjustment:流動性調整

h, the gradual shift from direct to indirect monetary policy instruments has greatly improved transimission of monetary policy and effectiveness of macroeconomic management.

第五，貨幣政策工具由直接到間接的逐漸改變，極大地改善了貨幣政策的傳導效果和宏觀經濟管理效率。

(1)direct or indirect monetary policy instruments:直接或間接的貨幣政策工具

(2)transmission:傳遞;傳導(效果;機制)

(3)effectiveness of microeconomic management:宏觀經濟管理效率

h, the segregation of banking business from securities and insurance business has contributed to the stability of the financial system in a transition period characterized by massive instiutional changes,inadequate regulatory resources and insufficient self-discipline.

第六，在體制大幅調整，監管能力不足以及行業自律意識不強的轉型時期，實現了銀行與證券業、保險業的分業經營，保證了整個金融體制的穩定。

(1)segregation: n.隔離;分開

segregate: apart from the rest;isolaate:隔離;分開

例：a policy of social segregation:種族隔離政策

(2)securities: (pl.)n.(複數)證券、股票和債券的投資(表明某人擁有股票或債券的證明)

例：gilt-edged securities:金邊債券，優等債券(對英國政府債券的投資)

listed securities:上市證券(可在證券交易所買賣的股票或在官方證券交易所掛牌的證券)

securities broker:證券經紀人或交易商(以買賣證券爲業的人)

(3)insurance: n.保險(投保人定期向保險公司支付小額資金，保險公司在投保人遭受損失、損害和傷害或死亡時給予補償的協議)

例：life insurance:人壽保險

endowment insurance:養老保險(一種人壽保險，到期投保人可得到所保的金額，倘若投保人在到期前死亡，其繼承人可得到所保的金額)

general insurance:普通保險(涉及被盜、損失、損害等的保險，人壽險除外)

(4)contribute (to): a share in;help to bring about:有助於;促成

(5)a transition period:過度時期;轉型時期

transition: ging,change,from one condition or set of circumstances to another:轉移;過度

(6)massive institutional change:大幅度的體制調整(變化)

massive: e,heavy and solid:大而重的;巨大的

institution: -established law,customs, or group:由來已久的法律，風俗習慣或團體;體制

institutional: a.法律的;體制的

(7)inadequate regulatory resources:管理手段缺乏;監管能力不足

inadequate: adequate;insufficient:不適當的;不充分的

regulate: rol systematically;cause to obey a rule or standard:有系統地管理;節制;使遵守規則或合標準

regulatory: a.管理的，控制的，調整的

例：regulatory power:管理權(實施政府法規的權力)

resource: which helps in dong sth,that can be turned to for support,help consolation:有助於做某事的辦法;解決困難或獲得成功之方法

(8)insufficient self-disicipline:自我約束不夠;自律(意識)不強;

insufficient: sufficient:不充足的;不夠的

self-:(prefix):(前綴)表示"自我，自身..."

例：self-employed: a.非受僱傭的;個體經營的

self-financing: n.自籌資金(公司從自有資金來源中籌集開發成本、購買固定資產的費用)

self-disicipline:自律;自我約束

addition, three policy banks (the State Development Bank, the Agricultual Development Bank of China and the Export and Import Bank of China) were established in 1994 to facilitate the separation of policy banking from commercial banking operations.

此外，1994年國家成立了三家政策性銀行(國家開發銀行、中國農業發展銀行和中國進出口銀行)，從而促使了政策性銀行業務與商業銀行業務的分離。

(1)three policy bank:三家政策性銀行

the State Development Bank:國家開發銀行

the Agricultural Development Bank of China:中國農業發展銀行

the Export and Import Bank of China:中國進出口銀行

e policy-banking institutions have embarked on a track of steady development.

這些政策性金融機構已經步入穩定發展的軌道。

(1)embark on a track of steady development:進入穩定發展的軌道

embark (on;upon):start;take part in:開始;從事

例：embark upon a new business undertaking:從事一項新的商業

track: se;line taken by sth:進程;路經

are playing an important role in financing major infrastructural projects and promoting agricultural development and international trade.

它們在國家重大基礎建設項目融資、促進農業發展和國際貿易等方面，發揮着重要的作用。

(1)to finance major infrastructural projects:對重大基礎建設項目融資

finance: ide money for (a scheme, project, etc):供(計劃、項目等)以經費

infrastructure: parts of a system that compose the shole:形成整體的一個系統之各部分;基礎;基本設施

infrastructural: infrastructure: 基礎的;基本設施的

(2)promote: to organize and start;help the progress of:提倡;促進

Paragragh 13

ugh years of reform efforts, China has developed a banking system consisting mainly of the wholly state-owned commercial banks and joint-equity commercial banks under the supervision of the central bank, the People‘s Bank of China.

經過多年的改革努力，中國已建立起了一個在中央銀行——中國人民銀行監管下的以國有獨資商業銀行與股份制商業銀行爲主體的銀行體系。

(1)the wholly state-owned commercial banks:國有獨資商業銀行

joint-equity commercial banks:股份制商業銀行

of the end of 2000,China‘s banking system had three policy banks, four wholly state-owned commercial banks and more than 100 joint-equity commercial banks.

到2000年底，中國的銀行體系擁有三家政策性銀行，四家國有獨資商業銀行，以及100多家股份制商業銀行。

(1)as of:till:截止

non-bank financial sector mainly consisted of trust and investment companies, securities firms, finance companies and insurance firms as well as many urban and rural credit cooperatiives.

非銀行金融機構主要包括投資公司、證券公司、財務公司、保險公司以及衆多城鄉信用合作社。

(1)non-bank financial sector:非銀行金融機構

(2)trust and investment company:信託投資公司

(3)securities firm:證券公司

(4)finance company:財務公司

(5)insurance firm:保險公司

(6)urban and rural credit cooperatives:城鄉信用合作社

stabilization and adhustment efforts that began in 1993 brought the economy to a soft landing.

1993年政府開始實施穩定和調整政策，實現了我國經濟的軟着陸。

(1)bring the economy to a soft landing:實現經濟的軟着陸

economy: em for the management and use of resources:經濟(制度)

例：domestic economy:家庭經濟;家政

national economy:國家經濟

a soft landing:軟着陸

ation measured by retail price index declined from the peak of 21.7 percent in 1994 to 0.8 percent in 1997 and remained subdued in the following years while real GDP growth moderated gradully from 13.5 percent in 1993 to a more sustainable rate.

由零售物價指數來衡量的通貨膨脹率從1994年21.7%的高點下落到1997年的0.8%，並且在後來的幾年中一直被控制在一個較低的水平上，而國內生產總值實際增長率也從1993年的13.5%逐漸回落到可持續發展的水平上。

(1)retail price index:零售物價指數

(2)decline: inue to become smaller,weaker,lower:繼續變小，變弱，變低

例：a declining birthrate:在下降中的出生率

declining sale:銷售不景氣

(3)subdue: quieter,softer,gentler:緩和;減弱

(4)moderate: or become less violent or extreme:緩和;減輕;穩定

(5)sustain: v.(enable to) keep up;maintain:(使能)維持;保持;

sustainable: a.

a more sustainable rate:可持續發展的水平上

robust microeconomic growth has been sustained since then despite the negative impact of the Asian financial crisis.

此後，儘管受到亞洲金融危機的不利影響，中國宏觀經濟仍然保持着強勁的增長勢頭。

(1)robust macroeconomic growth:強勁的宏觀經濟增長

robust: rous;healthy:有活力的;健康的

macroeconomic: a.宏觀經濟的

Asian financial crisis:亞洲金融危機

(2)negative impact:不利影響;負面影響

negative: essing the absence of any positive character; that stops,hinders or makes powerless:消極的;反對的

(3)impact: ng impression or effect:強烈印象或影響

external sector performance also improved significantly during the period.

在此期間，我國的涉外經濟成績斐然。

(1)external sector:涉外(經濟)部門;外貿企業

strong export performance and capital inflow resulted in the increase of official foreign exchange reserves, from USD51.6 billion at the end of 1994 to nearly USD166 billion at the end of 2000.

出口和資本流入大幅度增加，官方外匯儲備從1994年底的516億美元增加到2000年底的1600億美元。

(1)capital inflow:資本流入

(2)official foreign exchange reserves:官方外匯儲備

RMB exchange rate has remained stable.

人民幣匯率保持穩定。

(1)RMB exchange rate:人民幣匯率

implementation of the stabilization and structural measures has been a major factor underlying the resilience of the Chinese economy in the context of the crisis in Asian financial markets and the recent weakening of global economic activity.

宏觀經濟穩定政策和結構調整措施，是我國經濟在亞洲金融危機陰影籠罩和近年來全球經濟疲弱的環境下，依然保持較快發展的一個重要因素。

(1)implementation: n. 實現;完成

implement: y an undertaking,agreement,promise into effect:實現;完成(任務等)

(2)stabilization: 此處指"國家實施宏觀經濟穩定政策"。

structural measures:(經濟、行業)結構性調整措施

(3)structure: in which sth is put together,organized,etc:結構;構造

例：company‘s organizational structure:公司的組織結構

price structure:價格結構

capital structure of a company:公司的資本結構(公司資本構成的方式)

the company‘s salary structure:公司的工資構成(公司中不同工種不同工資的結構)

(4)resilience: ity or property of quickly recovering the original shape or condition after being pulled, [ressed,crushed,etc:彈性;回彈

(fig)power of recuperating quickly:(喻)迅速恢復的力量

(5)in the context of:在……背景(環境)下

context: umstance in which an event occurs:(某一事件發生的)環境;背景

(6)weaken: or become weak:使弱;變弱

weakening:疲軟

Paragraph 15

ough capital market development is expected to speed up, banks in China, which currently provide about 75 percent of aggregate financing in the economy, are likely to continue to playing a dominant role in financing economic and technological development as well as the economic reform in the foreseeable future.

儘管中國資本市場的發展將會加快，目前佔整個經濟融資總量75%的銀行業在可以預見的將來，在爲經濟發展和科技進步融資，以及經濟(體制)改革中仍將發揮主導作用。

(1)Although…,banks in China…:整個句子是主從複合句，其中由Although…引導的"讓步狀語從句"，主句中又包括一個由which…引導的"非限制性定語從句"。

(2)expect: k or believe that sth will happen or come:預期;期待

(3)are likely to…:that is expected to:很可能發生的……;有希望的……

(4)(in) financing economic and technological development:由financing引導的動名詞短語作"介詞in"的賓語。

方向。