人類必需營養素
營養素是指食物中可給人體提供能量、構成機體和組織修復以及具有生理調節功能的化學成分。本站小編爲大家整理了人類必需營養素，希望對你有幫助哦!
A. Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the chief source of energy, containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It functions physically to provide energy, maintain regular activities of the heart and neurologic systems, protect liver from toxification and prevent ketosis.
A. 碳水化合物
碳水化合物是能量的主要來源，含有碳、氫、和氧等物質。其重要生理功能爲供給熱能、維持心臟和神經系統的正常活動、保肝解毒、預防酮病。
Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and cellulose. Simple sugars such as fruit sugar are easily digested. Starches are more complex and require more sophisticated enzyme processes to be reduced to glucose. Glucose is converted sugar or starch and appears in the body as blood sugar. Some glucose is processed by the liver, converted to glycogen, and stored by the liver for later use.
碳水化合物包括糖、澱粉和纖維素。單糖，如水果糖，易於消化;澱粉較爲複雜，它通過酶解還原爲葡萄糖;葡萄糖是糖或澱粉的轉化物，在機體內則爲血糖。有些葡萄糖經肝臟處理轉化爲肝糖並得以貯存備用。
B. Fats
Fats or lipids are the second important nutrients next to carbohydrates. Fatty acids are the basic components of fat and can mainly be grouped into two: saturated fatty acids usually from animal sources and unsaturated fatty acids primarily from vegetables, nuts, or seed sources.
B. 脂肪
脂肪又叫脂質，它僅次於碳水化合物的第二大營養素。脂肪酸是脂肪的基本成份，它可以分成兩大類：來源於動物的飽和脂肪酸和來源於植物、堅果或種子的不飽和脂肪酸。
C. Proteins
Proteins are complex organic compounds. They are digested and broken down to form 22 amino acids. Proteins are critical to all aspects of growth and development of body tissues and necessary for the building of muscles, blood, skin, internal organs, hormones, and enzymes. Protein is also a sources of energy. When there is insufficient carbohydrate or fat in the body, protein is burned to provide energy.
C. 蛋白質
蛋白質屬於複合有機物，經消化分解，蛋白質可以生產出22種氨基酸。蛋白質對機體組織的生長髮育至關重要，也是構建肌肉、血液、皮膚、內臟、激素和酶的必需物質。蛋白質也是熱能來源，當體內碳水化合物或脂肪不足時，就會通過燃燒蛋白質來獲取熱能。
D. Vitamins
Vitamins are found only in living things. They usually cannot be synthesized by the human body. Vitamins can be grouped according to the substance in which they are soluble: fat-soluble and water-soluble. Vitamins A, D, E, and E are all fat-soluble while B-complex vitamins, vitamin C and the bioflavonoids water-soluble. Vitamins have no caloric value, but they are as necessary to the body as any other basic nutrients.
D. 維生素
維生素只存在於生命物體，通常不能由人體合成。按維生素的溶解環境，維生素可以分爲兩大類：脂溶性和水溶性。維生素A、D、E和K爲脂溶性維生素，B族維生素及維生素C和生物素屬於水溶維生素。維生素不提供熱量，但機體的重要性並不亞於其它基本營養素。
E. Water
Water is not specifically a nutrient. But it is essential for survival. Water is involved in every body process from digestion and absorption to excretion. It is a major portion of circulation and is the transporter of nutrients throughout the body.
E. 水
水並不是營養素，但水對生存必不可少。水參與了機體從消化吸收到排泄的全過程，是體內循環的重要組成部分和體內營養素的運送者。
F. Minerals
Minerals form 60 –90 percent of all inorganic material in the body. They are found in bones, teeth, soft tissue, muscle, blood, and nerve cells and essential for metabolic processes. Minerals are grouped according to the amount found in the body: major minerals and trace minerals. The former includes sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous and chlorine, all of which have a known function in the body. The latter includes iron, iodine, zinc, manganese, and copper. Their function in the body remains unclear.
F. 礦物質
礦物質佔體內無機材料的60-90%，骨、齒、軟組織、肌肉、血液、及神經細胞中都有礦物質，它是代謝過程的重要元素。根據體內數量，礦物質可分爲兩類：常量礦物質和微量元數。前者如鈉、鉀、鈣、鎂、磷和氯等，其在機體內的作用從所共知;後者如鐵，碘、鋅、錳和銅等，對人體的作用尚不明瞭。
