英語高考複習資料：掌握倒裝和省略+英語寫作訓練指導

　　乾貨! 一文掌握倒裝和省略，高考複習好資料!

倒裝用於表示一定的句子結構或強調某一句子成分。倒裝句可分爲完全倒裝和部分倒裝。

完全倒裝

完全倒裝是將句子中的謂語動詞全部放在主語之前。常用於以下情況：

1. now, then, here, there, out, in, away等副詞位於句首時。例如：

Here is the book you want.

2. 表示地點的介詞短語位於句首時。例如：

In front of the door stands a fierce dog.

【注意】在here, there等開頭的句子中，主語爲代詞時不需倒裝。例如：

Here you are.

部分倒裝

部分倒裝是將謂語的一部分(如助動詞、情態動詞等)放在主語之前。常用於以下情況：

1. “only + 副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句等”位於句首時。例如：

Only by working hard can you succeed.

2. never, seldom, little, hardly, nor, neither等含有否定意義的詞位於句首時。例如：

Never before have I seen such a bright moon.

3. not until, not only, no sooner等位於句首時。例如：

Not until Mrs Tian told me the news did I know that Mr Li had left our company.

【注意】

◆ not until位於句首引出的主從複合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。例如：

Not until his sister came back did Jones leave the hospital.

◆hardly (… when …) 或no sooner (…than …)位於句首時，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。例如：

Hardly had I closed the door when I realized that I had left the key at home.

◆ not only … but also …連接兩個分句，且not only位於句首時，not only後面的分句倒裝，but also後面的分句不倒裝。例如：

Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also he was a writer.

4. 讓步狀語從句中，狀語、表語等成分位於連詞as或though之前時。例如：

Clever as my brother is, he doesn’t study hard.

【注意】

若位於as或though前的表語是名詞，則名詞前不加冠詞。例如：

Child as Tony is, he has been to many places.

5. so ... that ...和such ... that ...結構中的so和such位於句首時。例如：

So fast did Jim run that no one could catch up with him.

6. 表示前面所說的情況也適合後者，肯定句用“so + 助動詞 / be動詞 / 情態動詞 + 後者”，否定句用“neither / nor + 助動詞 / be動詞 / 情態動詞 + 後者”。例如：

a. Li Hua has been to the Great Wall. So have I.

b. Lucy doesn’t like to eat meat; neither do I.

【注意】so位於句首，表示贊同對方的觀點或看法，意爲“……的確如此”時，不需用倒裝。例如：

— I think Tony is a clever boy.

— So he is.

7. 以were, had, should等詞開頭的虛擬條件句中(即省略if的虛擬條件句)。例如：

Had I known the news, I would have told you.

省略

英語中有時爲了避免重複，使語言簡練緊湊，在不損害句子結構的前提下，往往省去一個或多個句子成分，這種語法現象稱爲省略。

簡單句中的省略

1. 簡單句中的省略，在口語中最爲常用，可省略主語、謂語、主語和謂語的一部分、賓語等。例如：

a. (It) Sounds like a good idea.

b. (Is there) Anything else?

2. 並列句或並列結構中同等句子成分的省略

在並列句或並列結構中，如果前後兩部分有同等句子成分，爲避免重複，同等句子成分可以在一處省略。例如：

a. Mary is tall and (she is) beautiful.

b. I can’t decide whether to go to the library or not (to go to the library).

狀語從句中的省略

1. 在時間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中，若從句的主語和主句的主語相同且從句中的謂語動詞含有be動詞，可以省略從句中的主語和be動詞。例如：

Unless (I am) invited, I will not go to your birthday party.

2. 在if it is possible, when it is necessary等類似結構中，it is常可省略。例如：

If (it is) possible, Lisa will do a part-time job.

定語從句中的省略

當關系代詞that，which等在限制性定語從句中充當賓語且不位於介詞之後時，關係代詞可以省略;in which或that在先行詞way後時可省略。例如：

a. Is the book (that / which) you’re reading interesting?

b. This is the way (in which / that) your parents love you.

不定式符號to的省略

1. 在感官動詞(see, hear, feel等)和使役動詞(have, make, let等)後作賓語補足語時，不定式符號to需省略。例如：

I saw the boy swim across the river.

【注意】在被動語態中，不定式符號to不能省略。例如：

The boy was seen to swim across the river.

2. do nothing but, can’t help but等結構後常接省略to的不定式。例如：

When Tina was sad, I did nothing but stay with her.

so和not的替代性省略

爲避免重複，可用so替代肯定句中的單詞、詞組或句子。not替代否定句中的單詞、詞組或句子。so / not 常與think, hope, expect, suppose, believe, guess等動詞連用。例如：

— Will it rain tomorrow?

— I hope not.

　　中考英語寫作訓練指導-A movie review

電影 《戰狼2》 講述了前軍人冷鋒在非洲營救華僑的故事。請你根據所給提示信息寫一篇短文，介紹並評價這部電影。

要求：

1. 要點齊全，結構完整，語義連貫;

2. 80詞左右。

提示詞：

soldier 軍人

patriotism 愛國主義

寫作思路與分析

本次寫作任務要求寫一則影評，其目的是讓讀者在觀看電影前對這部影片有所瞭解。寫作時可按以下步驟進行：

1. 引出要介紹的電影，包括其類型、導演、演職人員等;

2. 介紹電影內容，讓讀者掌握故事梗概;

3. 對作品作出評價，同時表明自己的觀點。

詞彙儲備

★ 介紹電影常用的名詞(短語)

director

actor / actress

character

documentary

cartoon

action movie

science-fiction movie

comedy

scary movie

★ 發表評論時常用的形容詞

touching

moving

exciting

interesting

wonderful

serious

amazing

enjoyable

boring

educational

句型薈萃

The movie was directed by ...

… plays the role of … in the movie.

… acts as … in the movie.

The movie ... tells a simple but moving story about …

It’s a movie full of …

This movie can cheer you up / help you relax …

Many people like the movie not just because ... but also because ...

The main topic / theme of the movie is …

範文展示

Wolf Warriors II is an action movie directed by Wu Jing. Wu Jing also plays the role of the main character named Leng Feng in the movie.

The story takes place in Africa. Leng Feng, who used to be a soldier, is in Africa. Unluckily, the war happens. Many Chinese people who live in Africa are suddenly caught in the middle of the war. Leng Feng chooses to fight instead of leaving the country for safety. He tries his best to protect and save the people in need.

The main topic of this movie is patriotism. Leng Feng shows us his deep love for his country and people in the movie. It’s a touching and educational movie full of excitement. It’s worth watching.