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2019年1月17日 雅思大作文題目
人們浪費食物的原因及解決辦法?
Nowadays in some countries, people waste a lot of food that was bought from shops and restaurants. Why do people waste food? What can be done to reduce the amount of food they throw away?
解析&審題
雅思考試題目大多與我們的生活話題相關，事實上雅思寫作也就是要求考生能對日常生活話題進行富有邏輯的討論，並做到語言正確，觀點明確，因此切題、觀點、語言是雅思大作文的三大核心。
本題涉及的現象是我們在商店或者餐館裏買來很多食物，然後又無法吃完，於是大量浪費食物。題目要求我們討論這裏面的原因，並提出解決辦法。稍微考慮一下，我們就可以發現一些原因，並按照某種順序把這些原因排列起來：
1. 人們有錢了，扔掉一些食物經濟上沒有問題;
2. 從健康着想，很多人會毫不猶疑地扔掉那些可能過期的食物;
3. 很多人已經養成了隨意扔掉食物的習慣。
我們可能還可以想到其他一些原因，但其實這三個已經足夠了。至於解決辦法，無非是建議人們不要過多購買食物，同時改變扔食物的習慣。
老師筆記
01
Nowadays people throw away tons of uneaten or unwanted food bought from stores and restaurants. It is easy to understand the causes of this food waste; however, it is difficult to change consumer behavior in the developed world.
如今，人們扔掉很多從商店和餐館購買未食用或不需要的食物。很容易理解造成這種食物浪費的原因;然而，在發達國家改變消費者行爲是很困難的。
解析
(1) 開頭簡潔地提出現象，並亮出觀點：找到原因很容易，找到解決辦法很困難。
(2) throw away 扔掉
(3) tons of…成噸的……; 很多的……
(4) the cause of… ……的原因。注意這個cause後面是跟of，而如果使用reason，後面的介詞則是for。很多同學都在這裏混淆了。
(5) consumer behavior 消費者行爲
02
Several factors contribute to food waste from the food-service industry outlets. Firstly, consumers seem to be willingly responsible for wasting a lot of food because they can afford to buy more than they can consume and throw away whatever food they do not need. Secondly, speaking of health risks, many well-to-do people would rather be safe than sorry, so they choose to discard food, thinking that older food and food that is past its expiry date would make them sick. Finally, even if the majority of consumers know that food waste is a problem, they are too stubborn to change the habit. As a result, nearly all excess food on the plate would go to the waste.
有幾個因素導致了食品服務業網點的食品浪費。首先，消費者似乎願意爲浪費大量食物負責任，因爲他們買得起比他們能消費更多的食物，也有能力扔掉他們不需要的任何食物。第二，說到健康風險，許多富裕的人寧願安全也不願後悔，所以他們選擇丟棄食物，認爲放久的食物和過期的食物會使他們生病。比較後，即使大多數消費者知道食物浪費是一個問題，他們也太頑固，無法改變習慣。結果，盤子裏幾乎所有多餘的食物都會被浪費掉。
解析
(1) 本段論述人們爲什麼扔掉食物的原因：有經濟能力、健康因素、習慣。這三個原因從簡單到複雜，從具體到抽象，體現出了一定的邏輯順序。
(2) contribute to… 爲……做貢獻
(3) outlet 網點;出口
(4) be responsible for… 爲……負責
(5) afford to do… 有能力做……
(6) well-to-do people 富有的人
(7) discard 扔掉
(8) expiry date 失效期
(9) stubborn 頑固的
03
Any possible answer to the food-waste problem will involve changes in consumer behavior. People can implement small changes that make a big difference in the amount of food they throw away. Toward that end, the initial step is to ensure that food is eaten by humans. Failing that, the next step is to feed it to farm animals. But donating waste food to the people in hunger is not allowed by the government due to food-risk considerations. That risk, however insignificant, means that when choosing between giving away and throwing away, the least risky choice is the latter.
任何解決食物浪費問題的方法都將涉及消費者行爲的改變。人們可以實施一些小的改變，這些改變會對他們扔掉的食物數量帶來大的變化。爲此，第一步是確保食物被人類食用。如果不能做到這一點，下一步就是把它們餵給家畜。但是，由於食品風險的考慮，政府不允許向飢餓的人們捐贈不用的食品。這種風險，無論多麼微不足道，意味着在捐贈和扔掉之間做出選擇時，風險比較小的選擇是後者。
解析
(1) 本段論述解決問題的辦法。值得一提的是，本段從正面論述之後，又從反面論述了一個看似有用但其實不現實的辦法：即把食物捐贈給窮人，因爲出於食物安全考慮，政府不允許這麼做。
(2) involve 涉及;包含
(3) implement 實施
(4) make a big difference 帶來區別;帶來大的變化
(5) initial 首要的
(6) insignificant 不重要的
04
Despite the fact that wasting food is wrong, often it is easier for people to do the wrong thing. Ironically, while the realities of food waste today are becoming more evidentthan ever, wasting food is widely accepted. The old habits of throwing away food die hard.
儘管浪費食物是錯誤的，但人們往往更容易做錯事。具有諷刺意味的是，儘管今天的食物浪費現象比以往任何時候都更加明顯，但浪費食物卻被廣泛接受。扔掉食物的舊習慣很難改掉。
解析
(1) 結尾重申食物浪費很難得到改正的理由。
(2) despite the fact that… 儘管……
(3) ironically 諷刺地
(4) evident 明顯的
(5) die hard 很難消滅，死而不僵
7分範文
Nowadays people throw away tons of uneaten or unwanted food bought from stores and restaurants. It is easy to understand the causes of this food waste; however, it is difficult to change consumer behavior in the developed world.
Several factors contribute to food waste from the food-service industry outlets. Firstly, consumers seem to be willingly responsible for wasting a lot of food because they can afford to buy more than they can consume and throw away whatever food they do not need. Secondly, speaking of health risks, many well-to-do people would rather be safe than sorry, so they choose to discard food, thinking that older food and food that is past its expiry date would make them sick. Finally, even if the majority of consumers know that food waste is a problem, they are too stubborn to change the habit. As a result, nearly all excess food on the plate would go to the waste.
Any possible answer to the food-waste problem will involve changes in consumer behavior. People can implement small changes that make a big difference in the amount of food they throw away. Toward that end, the initial step is to ensure that food is eaten by humans. Failing that, the next step is to feed it to farm animals. But donating waste food to the people in hunger is not allowed by the government due to food-risk considerations. That risk, however insignificant, means that when choosing between giving away and throwing away, the least risky choice is the latter.
Despite the fact that wasting food is wrong, often it is easier for people to do the wrong thing. Ironically, while the realities of food waste today are becoming more evident than ever, wasting food is widely accepted. The old habits of throwing away food die hard.
建議背誦的句子
1.It is easy to understand the causes of this food waste; however, it is difficult to change consumer behavior in the developed world.
很容易理解造成這種食物浪費的原因;然而，在發達國家改變消費者行爲是很困難的。
2.Firstly, consumers seem to be willingly responsible for wasting a lot of food because they can afford to buy more than they can consume and throw away whatever food they do not need.
首先，消費者似乎願意爲浪費大量食物負責任，因爲他們買得起比他們能消費更多的食物，也有能力扔掉他們不需要的任何食物。
3.Secondly, speaking of health risks, many well-to-do people would rather be safe than sorry, so they choose to discard food, thinking that older food and food that is past its expiry date would make them sick.
第二，說到健康風險，許多富裕的人寧願安全也不願後悔，所以他們選擇丟棄食物，認爲放久的食物和過期的食物會使他們生病。
4.Any possible answer to the food-waste problem will involve changes in consumer behavior.
任何解決食物浪費問題的方法都將涉及消費者行爲的改變。
5.Ironically, while the realities of food waste today are becoming more evident than ever, wasting food is widely accepted. The old habits of throwing away food die hard.
具有諷刺意味的是，儘管今天的食物浪費現象比以往任何時候都更加明顯，但浪費食物卻被廣泛接受。扔掉食物的舊習慣很難改掉。
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