現在分詞作狀語語法總結
☆一般來說，-ing形式表示主動、進行;過去分詞表示被動、完成。
☆-ing形式作狀語，可以表示時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、行爲方式、伴隨狀況等。
下面是分類總結
▲現在分詞作時間狀語：
﹡Seeing my parents waving in the crowd，I went running to them.
﹡Crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.
=When he was crossing the road, the old man was knocked over by a car.
﹡(When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.
= When he heard the news, he got frightened.
﹡Having eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out.
﹡Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.
﹡Having received his letter, I decided to write back.
▲現在分詞作原因狀語：
Being a teacher，you should help your students in every way.
Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.
Not knowing her address, I can't write to her.
Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.
Having eaten too much, he couldn’t go to sleep.
▲現在分詞作結果狀語：
﹡There is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.
making it difficult to travel from place to place 是結果狀語。
現在分詞作結果狀語表示一種必然性(自然結果)。(making 可以改爲 which makes，相當於一個前因後果的非限制性定語從句。)
﹡He comes home late every evening, making his wife very angry.
他每天回來得很晚，這是他的妻子很生氣。
=He comes home late every evening, which makes his wife very angry.
=He comes home late every evening, and it makes his wife very angry.
﹡Mary failed all her exams, making both her parents very angry.
瑪麗未能通過一門考試，這是她父母非常生氣。
﹡European football is played in more than80countries,making it one of the most popular games in the world.
﹡The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.
﹡Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.
﹡Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
﹡She threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
﹡The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song
﹡The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.
▲現在分詞作條件狀語：
Listening to English every day (If you listen to English every day)， you’ll learn it well step by step.
Using your head, you’ll find a good way.
Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.
Working hard, you'll succeed.
Taking the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a lake.
Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.
▲現在分詞作讓步狀語：
Working so hard, he failed again.
Living miles away, he attended the course. 雖然住在幾英里以外，他仍去上課。
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 雖然被擊敗了，他仍是一個受歡迎的拳擊手。
☆理解技巧：
分詞(短語)用作讓步狀語通常可轉換成由從屬連詞though, although, no matter…等引導的讓步狀語從句，如上面兩句也可轉換成：Although he lived miles away, he attended the course.
Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
▲現在分詞作方式狀語：
He came running back to tell me the news.
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
They eat using the fingers of their right hands.
He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠開卡車謀取生。
▲現在分詞作伴隨狀語：
Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.
= Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.
The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, cutting the branch.
All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.
The six blind men stood there begging for a meal.
He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper.
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看報。
Don't you sit there doing nothing. 別什麼也不幹坐在那裏。
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了進來，後面跟着他的妻子。(☆過去分詞短語也可以作伴隨狀語)
☆理解技巧：
理解“伴隨狀語”的關鍵是要理解“伴隨”二字。分詞(短語)用作伴隨狀語時，它表示的動作伴隨句子謂語動作同時發生，即句子謂語所表示的動作爲主要動作，分詞短語所表示的動作伴隨性的次要動作。英語中“動詞+ing”形式作伴隨狀語時，它表示的是一個次要的動作，來對謂語表示的動作加以說明或作爲陪襯。一般將其置於句後,可用逗號與主句成分分開。例如: Don’t sit there doing nothing. Come and help me with this table.不要坐在那裏什麼也不做;過來幫我收拾餐桌
