現在分詞在句子中作狀語的用法

一、分詞在句子中作狀語，可以表示時間、條件、原因、結果、讓步、伴隨等。
分詞（短語）作狀語時，其邏輯主語應與句中主語相一致。當現在分詞表示的動作發生在謂語動詞之前時, 則用現在分詞的完成式；當所表示的動作與謂語的動作同時發生, 則用現在分詞的一般式。完成或被動關係用過去分詞。

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二、現在分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語應該與句子的主語一致，但有時現在分詞的主語與其所在句中的主語並不一致，這種現在分詞即所謂的垂懸現在分詞。垂懸現在分詞容易使句意模糊，甚至造成歧義，因而通常被認爲是不合規範或錯誤的用法。
1.Searching along the deck，it had taken him some time to find a doctor.
他沿着甲板找了好久才找到一名醫生。(searching的邏輯主語是句中的him)
2.Walking or sleeping，this subject was always in my mind.
不論是走路或睡覺，我總是在想着這個問題。(walking or sleeping的邏輯主語是句中的my)
3.Traveling is interesting but tiring.
旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞
4.The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.
如果讓學生學得太多，他們會感到糊塗的。
5.The argument is very convincing.
他的論點很令人信服。
6.They were very excited at the news.
聽到這個消息，他們非常激動。

三、現在分詞或過去分詞作狀語時，有時可以在分詞前加while，when, once, although, until, if等連詞。
1.When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
2.While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……
3.Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
4.Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam.
5.If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.