英語音標發音表讀法講解
學過語文的人都知道漢語拼音的重要性,它是讀書、認字的基礎,也是今後查閱資料以及提高各方面水平的不可缺少的柺杖。音標在英語中的作用和拼音在漢語中的作用一樣,學好音標是學好英語的基礎,學習和掌握好音標是英語教學的一個重點。
一、元音字母在重讀音節中的讀音
元音字母 | 讀音 | 例詞 | |
a | 在開音節中 | [ei] | name plane Jane baby cake |
在閉音節中 | [?] | bag dad hat map black back | |
e | 在開音節中 | [i:] | he these me Chinese |
在閉音節中 | [e] | bed let pen desk yes egg | |
i | 在開音節中 | [ai] | bike fly drive time nice kite |
在閉音節中 | [i] | fish big drink sit milk swim | |
o | 在開音節中 | [ou] | those close go hoe home no |
在閉音節中 | [] | clock not box shop sock | |
u | 在開音節中 | [ju:] | student excuse duty Tuesday |
在閉音節中 | [] | bus cup jump much lunch | |
在開音節中,元音字母u在輔音字母j l r s後面時讀[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super |
二、元音字母在非重讀音節中的讀音
元音字母 | 讀音 | 例詞 |
a | [] | Chinaanother woman breakfast |
[i] | orange comrade village cabbage | |
e | [] | hundred student open weekend |
[i] | chicken pocket begin children | |
i | []/[i] | holiday beautiful family animal |
[ai] | exercise satellite | |
o | [] | second tonight somebody welcome |
[u] | alsozerophoto | |
u | [] | autumn diffcult |
[ju:] | popular congratulation January | |
1動詞中的a如果處在開音節位置,a讀[ei]音,例如:operate | ||
又在輔音字母j l r s後面時,讀[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue |
在非重讀音節中,許多單詞中的元音字母a e i 即可以讀作[ ]音,也可以讀作[i]音。
三、元音字母在重讀音節中的特殊讀音
元音字母 | 讀音 | 例詞 |
a在[w]音後面 | [] | want what watch wash quality |
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 | [α:] | after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father |
i在-nd -ld和gh前 | [ai] | find child light high |
o在-st -ld前 | [ou] | most postcard old cold |
o在m n v th前 | [] | come monkey love mother |
四、-r音節元音字組在重讀音節中的讀音
元音字組 | 讀音 | 例詞 |
ar | [α:] | car farm dark sharpener |
[:] | warm quarter towards | |
or | [:] | forty morning short |
[:] | word worker worse | |
er ir ur | [:] | certainly bird Thursday |
輔音字母r雙寫時,前面的元音字母不能與r構成-r音節,而是按重讀閉音節的拼讀規則發音。例如:carry sorry hurry | ||
-r音節在非重讀音節中通常讀[]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday |
五、-re音節元音字組在重讀音節中的讀音
元音字組 | 讀音 | 例詞 |
are | [ε] | care dare hare |
ere | [i] | here mere |
ire | [ai] | fire hire wire |
ore | [:] | more score before |
ure | [ju] | pure cure |
are ere ire ore很少出現在非重讀音節中,ure在非重讀音節中讀[]音,例如:picture pleasure | ||
重讀元音字母加Rr,再加非重讀元字組時,重讀元音字母應按-re音節拼讀規則拼讀,字母Rr讀[r]音。例如:parent zerostoryduring inspiring | ||
某些常用詞及多音節詞經常出現長音短化現象。例如:orange very American paragraph |
六、元音字組在重讀音節中的讀音
元音字組 | 讀音 | 例詞 |
ai/ay | [ei] | afraid rain wait day play |
air | [ε] | air hair chair pair repair |
al al在f m前 | [] | small ball talk wallall |
[:l] | always also salt almost | |
[α:] | half calm | |
au/aw | [:] | autumn daughter draw |
ea | [i:] | teach easy cheap please |
[e] | heavy bread sweater weather | |
[ei] | break great | |
ear | [i] | heardearnearclearyear |
[ε] | bearpearwearswear | |
[:] | earth learnearly | |
ee | [i:] | jeep week green three |
eer | [i] | pioneer deer beer |
ei/ey | [ei] | eight neighbour they |
[i:] | eitherkey | |
eu/ew在 | [ju:] | new few newspaper |
[u:] | flewbrewjewelry | |
ie/ei[s]音之後 | [i:] | piece field receive |
oa | [ou] | coat Joan boat goal |
oar/oor | [:] | roarboard doorfloor |
oi/oy | [i] | noise point boy toilet |
oo | [u:] | broom food tooth school |
[u] | book look cook foot good | |
ou/ow | [au] | flower house count down |
[ou] | knowrowthrowthough | |
[] | young country enough | |
[u:] | group yousoup | |
our | [:] | course yourfour |
[au] | ourhourours | |
[:] | journey | |
ui | [ju:i] | fluid suicide tuition |
[u:] | juice fruit suit |
七、非重讀音節中元音字組和字羣的讀音
元音字組或字羣 | 讀音 | 例詞 |
ai/ay ei/ey | [i] | Sundayforeign monkey |
ow | [ou] | yellowsparrowtomorrow |
元音字組在非重讀音節中讀[]音或[i]。例如:neighbourserious famous biscuit coffee | ||
-sion -tion | [n] | impressionnation |
-sion在元音字母后 | [n] | visiondecisionoccasion |
-tion在s後 | [n] | questionsuggestion |
-sten | [sn] | listen |
-stle | [sl] | whistle |
-sure | [] | pleasuremeasure |
-ture | [] | pictureculture |
八、元字組在複合詞非重讀音節中的讀音
複合詞中的第二部分不標註重音符號,但其中的元音字母或元音字組仍按重讀音節拼讀規則拼讀。 |
有些詞隨着語言的發展,前後兩部分已失去其單獨存在的意義,融合成爲一個詞。其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節的讀音規則發音。 |
九、輔字組的讀音
輔字組 | 讀音 | 例詞 |
b | [b] | bikebusbag |
[/] | bomb tomb | |
c | [k] | cake picturecoat music |
[s] | face decidecinema | |
ch | [] | muchchick richteacher |
[k] | school headachechemistry | |
[] | machineChicago | |
-ck | [k] | cockpocket blackknock |
d | [d] | doctor breadhandday |
-dge | [] | bridgefridge |
dr- | [dr] | childrendriverdrink |
f | [f] | fivefour breakfast |
g | [] | baggardongo |
[] | orange largeGerman | |
gh | [f] | coughenough |
[/] | light daughter high | |
gu- -gue | [] | guess leaguedialogue |
[w] | language anguish | |
h | [h] | hotheadhousehand |
[/] | hour honest | |
j | [] | jeepjarjokejoinJuly |
k | [k] | kind bike skate make week |
kn- | [n] | knifeknowknock |
l | [l] | life milk schooltall |
m | [m] | monkey come autumn |
-mn | [m] | autumncolumnsolemn |
n | [n] | not shine tennote |
[] | uncle thank hungry | |
-ng | [] | morningyoungwrong |
p | [p] | paperplanepig shippen |
ph | [f] | elephantphoto telephone |
q | [k] | Iraq |
qu- | [kw] | qualityquite |
r | [r] | redrubberruler |
s在詞首或清輔音前 | [s] | sitsleep desk |
[z] | music husband | |
sc- | [sk] | scarlet |
[s] | musclescience | |
sh | [] | she fish shirt wash |
t在通常情況下 | [t] | ten letter meet |
[] | patient nation | |
tch | [] | watch |
th在通常情況下 | [θ] | thinthirty method |
[] | thethese withthan | |
[] | clothe father weather | |
tr- | [tr] | treetrain countrytruck |
v | [v] | veryvoice love leave |
w | [w] | weekwinwake sweetwait |
[/] | answer two | |
wh- | [w] | whatwhenwhitewhy |
[h] | whowhosewhole | |
x | [ks] | boxtext exercise |
[gz] | examle exist exact | |
wr- | [r] | write |
y- | [j] | yesyardyellowyoung |
z | [z] | puzzlezerozoo |
十、英語語音名詞解釋
1.音節 以元音爲主體構成的發音單位,一般說來元音發音響亮,可以構成音節,輔音發音不響亮,不能單獨構成音節([m] [n] [] [l]例外)。從單詞拼寫形式上看,有幾個元字組就有幾個音節。 |
2.音節的劃分 ①在兩個音節的相鄰處有兩個輔字組時,一個輔字組屬於前面的音節,一個屬於後面的音節。 |
3.重讀音節 單詞中讀音特別響亮的音節。用音標標記雙音節、多音節詞的讀音時,應使用重讀符號。單音節詞多數是重讀音節,標記讀音時不需要使用重讀符號。 |
4.開音節 ①絕對開音節:單個元音字母后面沒有輔字組的重讀音節。例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret. |
5.閉音節 單個元音字母后面有輔字組(r w y除外)且以輔字組結尾的重讀音節。例如:bageggfishnotcup |
6.雙音節詞重讀規則 雙音節詞的第一個音節通常是重讀音節。 |
7.多音節詞重讀規則 多音節詞通常在倒數第三個音節重讀。 |