漢語堅持的英語翻譯
大家知道堅持這一個詞語英語是怎麼翻譯的嗎?接下來，小編給大家準備了漢語堅持的英語翻譯,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。
“堅持”可以譯作adhere to, persevere1 in, persist in, hold on to, stick to, keep to等。
如：adherence to the socialist3 road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zetong Thought.
adhering to a coordinated4 and balanced program of development
persevere in the pursuit of one central task and two basic points
persisting in reform and opening up
hold on to socialism
stick to this attitude
keep to the socialist orientation5
Adhere to的意思是“堅持維護，支持”，“信仰堅定”，“忠實於”，如：adhere to principle/belief/ideas/opinion/promise/plan/program, “堅持黨的基本路線”可譯作adhere to the Party's basic line, “堅持無產階級國際主義”可譯作adhere to proletarian internationalism.
Persevere in 和persist in 一般用於行動，都有"“在困難或遭到反對的情況下堅持”的意思;但persevere in 帶褒義，表示“不屈不撓”，而persist in帶貶義，表示“頑固，不聽開導或勸告”，如：
Perseverance6 means success.
persevere in one's studies/armed struggle
persist in one's errors/asking insulting questions
Hold on to的意思是“抓住不放”，用於beliefs, ideas, principles時表示“堅持信仰，堅持原則和觀點”，即使他人影響或情況使人產生懷疑，也不改變或放棄，如：
hold on to one's views
Stick to 的意思是“粘住，不離”;和choice, decision, principle, belief等詞連用時，也有“不變，不放棄”，“堅持”的意思。
Keep to 有“不背離”，“不違背”，“遵守”的意思，如：
keep to the main road
keep to prearranged plan/schedule/promise
Keep to 用於decision, belief, rules時有“堅持”的意思。
此外，“堅持”也可譯作insist on, keep up, uphold等。 Insist on 多用於意見，主張，如：
We insist on an interview before we accept any MA candidates.
She insisted on her innocence7.
He insisted on going there alone.
Keep up的意思是“繼續”，如：
keep up one's studies/piano practice/the attack/the struggle/propaganda/criticism/the good work/the efforts/the customs of one's native land/regular payments/a friendship
Uphold的意思是“支持”，“贊同”，可和law, principle, system, practice連用。“我們黨堅持辨證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義的世界觀”可譯作Our Party upholds dialectical materialism8 and historical materialism as its world outlook.
擴展：Especially的一般譯法
在科技英語中常常見到在一個完整的句子後，由especially(或particularly, 下同)引出從句、詞組或單詞來強調主句的行爲或狀態的突出表現。怎樣翻譯這類句子的強調部分呢?請先看下句的三種譯文：
It should be noted1 that any form of preheat adds to the welder's difficulties and causes discomfort2, particularly when welding at hight preheat temperature
levels inside vessels3.
1、應該指出，特別在容器內高溫預熱下施焊時，任何形式的預熱都會增加焊工的困難和使他們身感不適。
2、應該指出，任何形式的預熱都會增加焊工的困難和使他們身感不適，特別是在容器內高溫預熱下施焊時。
3、應該指出，任何形式的預熱都會增加焊工的困難和使他們身感不適，在容器內高溫預熱下施焊時尤其如此。
比較這三種譯文，譯文1的缺點在於：原文的敘述方式是從一般到特殊，譯文則超越一般情況，直接談到特殊情況，與原文似有不符。譯文2末尾的時間狀語懸空，在語法上似無說明對象，讀來令人有言有未盡之感。譯文3表義正確，句子結構與原文一致，句尾用“如此”二字呼應前文，無句意殘缺和語氣停滯之感。譯文3無疑是較好的，且這一漢譯模式似可用於處理類似結構的所有英語句子。下面再舉幾個例子：
1)The decision to repair is not easy, especially in borderline cases.
作出返修的決定不是容易的，在可修可不修的情況下尤其如此。
2)Many code vessels are fabricated party in the shop and partly in the field, especially boilers4.
許多規範容器的製造，部分是在工廠，部分是在現場進行的，鍋爐尤其如此。
3)A visual inspection5 must be done carefully for the materials, especially for those to be used in fabrication of pressure vessels.
必須對材料仔細進行外觀檢查，對製造壓力容器所用材料尤需如此。
4)The shell parts of reactor6 pressure vessels have been often fabricated with formed plates welded together, especially in USA and Japan.
反應壓力容器的殼體，歷來常常是用成型鋼板焊接而成的，在美國和日本尤其如此。
