託福綜合寫作模板彙總之高分句型解析
托福考試中，託福寫作部分是其中最重要的部分之一，不僅對同學們的託福詞彙量和表達能力有所要求，更是對同學們的邏輯能力有所要求，本文小編將爲同學們帶來託福綜合寫作模板彙總之高分句型解析的內容，希望同學能夠加以練習，考出理想的託福成績!
有很多同學不太注意綜合寫作的語言質量，甚至有些老師無意中暗示學生綜合寫作的語言根本不用管，背個模板就行，導致一些同學生搬硬套模板，結果把綜合寫作寫得牛頭不對馬嘴，丟掉了不少分數，只是非常悲催的。鑑於此，筆者原創了一些託福綜合寫作的句型，並將詳細講解這些句型的來歷。經過幾次認真的練習，你會發現，其實你也可以寫出高大上的句子!
託福綜合寫作對語言質量的要求比獨立寫作低，甚至可以說低得比較多，這在官方指南中已明顯地體現，下面請看第4版(最新版)官方指南綜合寫作4分的評分標準：
A response at this level is generally good in selecting the important information from the lecture and in coherently and accurately presenting this information inrelation to the relevant information in the reading, but it may have minor omission, inaccuracy, vagueness, or imprecision of some content from the lecture or in connection to points made in the reading. A response is also scored at this level if it has more frequent or noticeable minor language errors, as long as such usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas.
爲什麼要看4分的標準而不是5分的呢?因爲5分是滿分，只要是滿分，對各項的要求都非常高。但是，絕大多數同學都不需要考滿分，只要你不需要考滿分，那最高分就是4分，因爲沒有介於4分和5分之間的任何小數的分。
以上評分標準告訴我們(請注意劃線部分，請特別注意標紅部分)，只要不影響理解和觀點的對比銜接，就算出現較多的或明顯的語法小錯誤，照樣可以得4分，而4分則對應於最終換算出來的25分，這對相當一部分同學來說，已經是一個不錯的分數了。
正因爲如此，有很多同學就不太注意綜合寫作的語言質量，甚至有些老師無意中暗示學生綜合寫作的語言根本不用管，背個模板就行，導致一些同學生搬硬套模板，結果把綜合寫作寫得牛頭不對馬嘴，丟掉了不少分數，只是非常悲催的。
鑑於此，筆者原創了一些託福綜合寫作的句型，並將詳細講解這些句型的來歷。經過幾次認真的練習，你會發現，其實你也可以寫出高大上的句子!
首先，我們要明白一個道理，託福寫作的語言質量其實就是兩點：準確與多樣。準確，也即遣詞造句要符合語法，最好能做到地道;多樣，也即不能總用那幾個你熟悉的詞和句型結構。這不是我發明和杜撰的，這是官方指南的要求(syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity)，也是一個常識：學一門語言，把句子說對寫對是最基本的要求，如果你的句式多樣，證明你懂得多，肚子裏有“墨水”，理應獲得高分。如果連句子都寫不對，或只會用非常有限的幾種句型結構，就想通過“萬能模板”獲得高分——大哥，人家ETS有那麼傻嗎?
一、如何表示“文章”與“聽力”
文章
the reading passage/the reading/the passage(摘自官方指南)
或
the article/the reading section/the writer/the author
聽力
the lecture/the professor(摘自官方指南)
或
the listening passage/the listening/the listening section/the lecturer/the speaker
二、如何表示“認爲、主張、聲稱”
雖然各個英語單詞的地位都是一樣的，沒有高低貴賤之分，但您總不能一個think殺到底吧!天涯何處無芳草，何必單戀一think呢，請看：
say/believe(稍簡單)
claim/state/argue/assert/maintain(語氣越來越強硬)
suggest/indicate/imply(有“暗示”的含義，語氣稍弱)
take the view that/hold the opinion that/have a notion that(貌似比think顏值稍高*_*)
但一定要注意，表示“文章/聽力認爲”要用一般現在時，且是第三人稱單數(以上表達均可跟that從句)，而描述歷史事件時態應跟原文保持一致。來看一個例子：
【例】However, the professor says that tea was popular only in southern China, not in the north where Polo stayed.
(來源：《託福高分範文大全》，戴雲、劉芸編著，綜合寫作第06篇範文，第2主體段)
三、如何表示“反駁”
challenge/disprove/refute/contradict
question/cast doubt on(這兩個詞賓語一般不能是人)
【例】challenge a claim, an assertion, a verdict
(來源：Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary)
【例】These figures disproved Smith's argument.
(來源：Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)
【例】an attempt to refute Darwin's theories
(來源：Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)
【例】Recent evidence has tended to contradict established theories on this subject.
(來源：Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)
【例】Two months ago, results from a European study questioned whether early treatment with the drug really improved survival.
(來源：Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)
【例】Last night a top criminal psychologist cast doubt on the theory.
(來源：Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 5th Edition)
四、如何組織語言
開頭段
句型一：The lecture is a discussion concerning the issue of (主題), which challenges the main idea in the reading passage.
亮點：
1) the issue of…。一定要注意issue of後應該是名詞或一個從句，不能是句子
2) concerning是about的升級版，也可以用regarding或with regard to替換concerning
3) which引導的非限制性定語從句
【例】We should raise the issue of discrimination with the council.
(來源：Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)
【例】Dillon addressed the issue of child abuse in his speech.
(來源：Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)
【例】G-8 leaders call for Syrian peace talks, sidestep issue of whether Assad should go
(來源：Washington Post官網，地址爲http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/obama-g-8-leaders-cite-weak-economic-prospects/2013/06/18/755e2064-d813-11e2-a016-92547bf094cc_story.html)
【例】the issue of how to provide adequate child care
(來源：American Heritage Dictionary 4th Edition)
句型二：The writer claims in the reading passage that (文章論點), whereas the professor argues in the lecture that (聽力論點). Obviously, they hold differing views on the same topic.
亮點：
1) in the reading passage和in the lecture其實把claims that和argues that分開了，這是一個分裂結構
2) whereas是while的升級版，前面有沒有逗號都行
3) differing是different的升級版，還可以說成conflicting/opposing/opposite/contrary/divergent/contradictory
句型三：Despite the point made by the writer that (文章論點), the professor casts doubt on what the writer states by saying that (聽力論點).
亮點：
1) despite + 名詞 + 過去分詞作後置定語
2) 用by saying that引出聽力論點
中間段
句型一：In the first place, the author presents a viewpoint that (文章分論點). The listening passage, by contrast, puts forward a divergent opinion that (聽力分論點). This is because (解釋).
亮點：
1) viewpoint是point的升級版
2) by contrast/in contrast表示對比，且爲插入語，還可以用however/nevertheless/nonetheless替換，但意思不同，請認真體會
3) put forward是have的升級版
句型二：Another point of view expressed by the lecturer is that (聽力分論點), which contradicts the statement given by the reading that (文章分論點). Then the lecturer supports his point by saying that (解釋).
亮點：
1) another其實也可以表示列舉的第二項，如果把another換成the first/the second/the final，這個句型就可以用在中間段的不同段落
2) supports his point by saying that避免了老用because表示原因
句型三：Finally, although the reading passage asserts that (文章分論點), contrary to what the reading states, the professor maintains that (聽力分論點). In order to prove his theory, the professor says that (解釋).
亮點：
1) 用contrary to作提前的狀語引出反駁
2) 用in order to作提前的狀語表示目的
3) 用prove his theory替換了上面的supports his point
【例】Contrary to what the public was told, weapons were still being exported.
(來源：Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English)
【例】The new claim is directly contrary to what was originally stated.
(來源：Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English)
五、到底寫不寫結尾段
至於到底寫不寫結尾段，衆說紛紜，筆者認爲可寫可不寫——無論是開頭段還是中間段，句式都差不多，如果再加一個結尾段，難免會有重複和冗餘之嫌，而且綜合寫作的官方字數上限是225，寫超了到底扣不扣分，誰也不知道。我的理解是，綜合寫作其實考察了考生提取有效信息的能力，如果寫得太長，就有這種能力不強之嫌，所以還是小心爲妙。如果小夥伴們看了這篇文章後，“根本停不下來”，忍不住想寫，也是可以的，但一定要注意句式和用詞的準確與多樣。
