初中經典英語美文摘抄精選
隨着全球化進程的推進,國際交流合作與競爭日益加強,英語能力成爲衡量我國高素質人才的重要指標之一,因此許多用人單位將英語作爲衡量應聘者的重要條件。本站小編整理了初中經典英語美文，歡迎閱讀!
Ford
Although Henry Ford’s name is closely associated with the concept of mass production, he should receive equal credit for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by today’s standards. Safety measures were improved, and the work day was reduced to eight hours, compared with the ten-or twelve-hour day common at the time. In order to accommodate the shorter work day, the entire factory was converted from two to three shifts.
In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a technical school to train specialized skilled laborers and an English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.
The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they produced – in effect creating a market for the product. In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establish a decent home and demonstrate good personal habits, including sobriety, thriftiness, industriousness, and dependability. Although some criticism was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees, there can be no doubt that, at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful ways, Henry Ford was helping many people to establish themselves in America.
儘管亨利•福特的名字和大生產的概念相連，但他在勞工保護上得到同樣的讚譽，因爲
他早在1913年便實行了用今天的標準來衡量依然是先進的標準。安全措施得到改進，日工作時間從當時普遍的10或12小時減少到8小時。
爲了適應更短的日工作時間，整個工廠從雙班變成了三班。而且，病假和改善了的工傷醫療得以制度化。福特汽車公司是最早建
立技術學校來培訓專門技工和爲移民開設英語學校的工廠之一。公司甚至爲僱傭殘疾人和
有前科的人而作出了一些努力。最受廣泛稱讚的革新是實行五美元一天的最低工資。其目的是招收和留住那些最好的技工並阻礙工會的發展。
福特從效率和利潤分享的角度來解釋這項新的工資政策。他也提到這樣一個事實，他的員工可以買他們生產的汽車--這實際上是爲其產品另開闢了一個市場。
爲了夠資格得到最低工資，員工必須建立一個得體的家庭並顯示出良好的個人習慣，包括節制、儉省、勤勉和可靠。雖然有人批評福特過多地干涉
了員工的私人生活，但毫無疑問，在移民們被用惡劣的方式剝削的時代，亨利•福特卻幫助了許多人在美國紮下根來。
初中經典英語美文篇2Movie Music
Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.
As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown(if indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.
To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indications of mood as “ pleasant”, “sad”, “lively”. The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next.
Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D.W Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.
儘管我們習慣於將1927年以前的電影稱爲"無聲電影"，但是就無聲這個詞完整的意義
上來說，電影從未真正的無聲過，從最初開始音樂就被視爲必不可少的伴奏。當盧米埃爾的電影在1896年2
月美國首屆影片公映展覽上放映的時候，影片便用當時的流行曲臨場鋼琴伴奏。最初，這些音樂伴奏與電影沒有什麼特別的關係，用什麼曲子伴奏都行。但在很
短的時間內，爲一部莊重的影片演奏快活的音樂所產生的不協調感變得顯而易見，因此鋼琴家們開始注意將自己的作品與影片的情調結合起來。
隨着影劇院在數量上與重要性上的不斷增長，在一些場合，除了鋼琴師外，還要加上小提琴師，或許還有一位大提琴師。較大
的影劇院裏還組成了小型的管絃樂隊。在很長的時間內，爲各部影片選擇配樂完全掌握在
樂隊指揮或隊長手中，而通常把持這種職位的資格不是技巧或鑑賞品味，而是擁有一個大的音樂作品的個人收藏。
因爲直到電影上映的前一天晚上樂隊指揮才能看到影片(如果這個指揮真正有幸能夠看到影片的話)，音樂安排通常是在非常匆忙的情況下臨場進行的。爲了解
決以上的困難，電影發行公司開辦了爲音樂伴奏印製提示單的業務。例如1909年愛迪生公
司開始將一些諸如"喜悅的"、"悲傷的"、"活潑的"之類表明影片情調特徵的提示與影片一起發行。
這些提示逐漸變得更加具體，並且出現了包括影片情調說明、適用樂曲名稱和樂曲轉換點等內容的配樂說明單。某些影片擁有專門爲其創作的音樂。
這些早期特創樂譜中最著名的便是爲D.W.格雷夫斯1915年上映的影片《一個國家的誕生》所創作的音樂。
初中經典英語美文篇3International Business and Cross-cultural Communication
The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts.
Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation.
In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiator’s role becomes that of an impersonal purveyor of information and cash.
In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator’s position. Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator.
國際商業和跨文化交流國際貿易和海外投資的增加產生了對具有外語知識和跨文化交流技巧的經理的需求。
然而，美國人在這兩方面未得到良好的訓練，因此沒有在國際談判中象他們的外國對手一樣成功。談判是爲了達成協議而反覆交流的過程。它包括說服和妥協。
但是爲了去進行說服和妥協，談判者必須懂得在談判的文化中怎樣說服人和怎樣達成妥協。在國外的國際商務談判中，美國人被視爲富有和不帶個人情感。
在外國談判者看來，似乎美國人代表着一個龐大的擁有數百萬資財的大企業，不用進一步地討價還價就能出得起價錢。
美國談判者的角色變成了一個沒有個人感情的信息及現金的供應者。對在國外的美
國談判者的研究中，我們找出了損害談判者能力的幾個特點，或許證實這個已成定式的看法。尤其引起跨文化誤解的兩個特點是美國談判者的直截了當和缺乏耐心。
此外，美國談判者經常堅持實現短期目標，而外國的談判者會珍視建立談判者之間的聯繫並願意爲長期利益投入時間。
爲了鞏固這種聯繫，他們會選擇非直接的交流而不計較投入用於瞭解對方的時間。明顯地，價值觀的不同和理解上的差異影響了談判的結果和談判者的成功與否。
美國人要在國際商務談判中扮演更爲有效的角色，他們就必須投入更多的努力提高跨文化的理解力。
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