引發乾眼症的藥物
Why are my eyes dry?
我的眼睛爲什麼乾乾的？If your eyes are dry and irritated, ask yourself: Could the little pill you pop each day be the culprit? People taking over-the-counter and prescription medications may not realize the extent to which common pills, sprays and drops can starve the eyes of adequate hydration. Dry eye, a chronic condition that's more serious than just a one-time bout of dry eyes. It has been linked to everything from cold relief medicines to prescription heart medicines.
如果你雙眼乾澀、發炎，那可得問問你自己了：每天都吞下的那個小藥丸會不會是罪魁禍首？服用非處方藥和處方藥的人們可能沒有意識到普通藥丸、噴霧和滴劑會導致眼睛乾澀。乾眼症是一種慢性疾病，比一次性的眼睛乾澀更爲嚴重。感冒藥和心臟處方藥都與乾眼症相關。And for people on multiple drugs, the potential risk to the eyes is compounded, says Stephanie Crist, Pharm.D., assistant professor of pharmacy practice at St. Louis College of Pharmacy in Missouri.
對於服用多種藥物的人來說，眼睛存在的潛在危險更爲複雜，密蘇里州聖路易斯藥學院藥學實踐的助理教授斯蒂芬妮·克里斯特藥劑師說道。
Here are a few categories of medicines linked to dry eye:
這幾類藥物或導致乾眼症：Antihistamines
抗組胺藥Antihistamines such as Allegra (fexofenadine), Claritin (loratadine), Zyrtec (Cetirizine), and Benadryl (diphenhydramine) block the effect of the chemical histamine, which the body produces in its attack against allergens. They can provide relief of allergy and cold symptoms, including sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and a runny nose. Unfortunately, these drugs also do a number on your eyes, reducing the watery tear film that keeps them moist.
艾來定（非索非那定）、克敏能（氯雷他定）、仙特敏（西替利嗪）和苯那君（苯海拉明）等抗組胺藥會阻斷組胺這一化學物質的效用，身體會分泌組胺抵抗過敏原。它們能緩解過敏和感冒症狀，包括：打噴嚏、癢、淚液分泌增加和流鼻涕。不幸的是，這些藥物也搞壞了你的眼睛，減少了保持眼睛溼潤的淚液膜。The fact that dry eye can produce symptoms similar to an allergy can be confusing.
乾眼症的某些症狀與過敏相似，因此人們會感到困惑。"If you have a scratchy, gravelly graininess, that's lack of watery tear," explains Steven Maskin, M.D., medical director of the Dry Eye and Cornea Treatment Center in Tampa, Fla. "Then ask yourself, did I just take a Benadryl the other day or an allergy medication because I started sneezing? That can dry you out," he said.
"如果眼睛瘙癢，有異物感，那就是缺少淚液了，"佛羅里達州坦帕市乾眼和角膜治療中心的醫學主任、臨牀醫學博士史蒂夫·皮姆辛解釋道。"那就問問自己，前兩天我是不是因爲打噴嚏所以用了苯那君或是過敏藥物？那會讓你乾死的，"他說道。Nasal decongestants
鼻充血減輕劑What's soothing to a stuffy nose may not be so gentle on the eyes. Over-the-counter decongestants are the go-to medicines for easing cold and flu symptoms, hay fever and sinusitis. They work by narrowing blood vessels in the membranes of the nose. Blood flow to swollen nasal tissue is reduced, allowing blocked-up noses to breathe with greater ease. Nasal decongestants come as pills, liquids and nasal sprays. They're sold under a slew of brand names containing ingredients like phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine and oxymetazoline. But like antihistamines, they decrease tear production.
能舒緩鼻子不通氣的藥物可能不利於眼睛。非處方充血減輕劑是用於緩解感冒、流感症狀、花粉熱和鼻竇炎的藥物。這些藥物通過縮小鼻膜中的血管起到作用。從而導致腫脹鼻組織的血流量減少，使得被堵塞的鼻子更容易呼吸。鼻充血減輕劑有藥丸、液體和噴霧的形式。各大品牌都有銷售，鼻充血減輕劑含有苯腎上腺素、僞麻黃鹼和羥甲唑啉等成分。但和抗組胺藥一樣，它們也會減少淚液的產生。
