奧蘭多槍擊案引發全球迴響 共鳴與分化
ROME — By Monday morning, the grim, if now familiar, global ritual had begun. Leaders across Europe, Asia and elsewhere sent messages of sympathy and outrage. Editorialists opined against extremism and violence. Symbolic gestures — another special lighting of the Eiffel Tower — were announced. Solidarity hashtags circled the virtual globe.
羅馬——至週一上午，嚴肅的全球儀式已經開啓，只不過現在人們比較熟悉了。歐洲、亞洲和其他地區的領導人發出表示同情和憤怒的訊息。各地的社論針對極端主義和暴力發表反對意見。具有象徵意義的動作出現——艾爾菲鐵塔再次亮起特殊的燈光。顯示團結一致的標籤在全球網絡世界中流行開來。
The Orlando, Florida, attack now ranks as the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history. And the horrific slaughter early Sunday at a gay nightclub has a uniquely American component, again demonstrating an easy access to high-caliber assault weapons that stupefies much of the rest of the world.
佛羅里達州奧蘭多的襲擊目前被列爲美國曆史上遇害人數最多的大規模槍擊事件。週日凌晨在一家同性戀夜店發生的這一駭人聽聞的屠殺事件帶有獨一無二的美國元素，又一次顯示出襲擊者可以輕易獲得足以令世界許多地區錯愕的大口徑攻擊武器。
But judging from the initial reaction, the attack in Florida resonated globally on Monday not as an American anomaly, but because it felt so universal. Orlando now takes a place with Paris, Brussels, Beirut, Bamako, San Bernardino, and other cities struck by different incarnations of terrorism in recent years. Candles were once lit in their honor, too.
然而，從最初的反應看，佛羅里達襲擊事件不是作爲美國的異常現象週一在全球各地引發迴響，而是因爲它讓人感覺如此普遍。奧蘭多現在加入了巴黎、布魯塞爾、貝魯特、巴馬科、聖貝納迪諾和其他城市之列，它們在最近幾年遭到恐怖主義的不同化身襲擊。蠟燭也曾經爲紀念它們而點起。
The Orlando attack is already stirring debate on some of the most visceral fault lines of American politics: terrorism and Islamophobia, security and civil liberties, gun control and gay rights. But absent guns, those issues also resonate across the world, especially in many developed countries wrestling with how to maintain their freedoms in the face of violent attacks on their values.
奧蘭多襲擊事件已經激發了有關美國政治裏一些最內在的斷層的辯論：恐怖主義和伊斯蘭恐懼症，安全與公民自由，控槍和同性戀權益。但除了有關槍械的討論，所有這些問題也在全世界獲得共鳴，尤其是很多發達國家——在價值觀面臨暴力襲擊時如何維護自由正令他們陷入掙扎。
In an interconnected world, what seemed most relevant was what bound together the satirists of Charlie Hebdo, the heavy metal fans at the Bataclan, the tourists at the Brussels airport and the young people dancing early Sunday morning at the Pulse nightclub in Orlando — not what divided them and their societies.
在一個相互關聯的世界裏，看起來最切合的答案是將《查理週報》(Charlie Hebdo)的諷刺畫家、巴塔克蘭音樂廳的重金屬音樂愛好者、布魯塞爾機場的遊客和週日凌晨在奧蘭多“Pulse”夜店裏跳舞的年輕人連結在一起的東西——而不是將他們和自己所在的社會分隔開的東西。
But that connectedness also meant that Orlando quickly became politicized globally, as well as in the United States. One organization campaigning for Britain to leave the European Union in the June 23 national referendum posted a campaign message on Twitter that showed Islamic State fighters warning of an “Orlando-style atrocity” if Britain remained in the European bloc. The group deleted the tweet after the person who posted it was widely condemned.
然而，這種連通性也意味着奧蘭多很快就不僅在美國變成政治化的議題，在全球也是如此。主張英國在6月23日全民公投中脫離歐盟的一個倡導組織，在Twitter上發佈了一條拉票帖子，顯示伊斯蘭國(Islamic State)聖戰分子發出警告，如果英國依然留在歐盟裏，就有可能發生“奧蘭多式的慘劇”。在發佈這條帖子的人遭到廣泛譴責之後，該組織將它刪除了。
For many gays, lesbians and transgender people, the Orlando attack was a searing moment, highlighting the continued threats they face from an ideologically varied array of sources even as much of the world grows more inclusive about sexuality. In London, Owen Jones, a liberal columnist who is gay, walked off the set of a Sky News program after arguing with the host on how the Orlando attack should be defined. Jones argued it was both a terrorist attack and an anti-gay hate crime, while the program’s host sought to make a distinction between the two.
對很多同性戀和跨性別者而言，奧蘭多襲擊事件是一個極度刺痛的時刻，突顯出他們從各種思想意識源頭遭遇的持續不斷的威脅，儘管世界許多地方對性取向正變得越來越包容。在倫敦，同性戀者、自由派專欄作家歐文·瓊斯(Owen Jones)在天空新聞臺(Sky News)錄製節目時，與主持人就該如何定義奧蘭多襲擊發生爭執，隨即離開了現場。瓊斯認爲，它不僅是恐怖襲擊，也是反同性戀的仇恨犯罪行爲，而節目主持人則試圖將二者區分來看。
“This guy, however he dresses up his bigotry and hatred, is someone who hates gays,” Jones said of the killer, adding: “If he went into a synagogue and killed innocent Jewish people, as people have done, disgusting anti-Semitic terrorists, we’d call it out for what it is.
“就算再努力粉飾自己的偏執與仇恨，這個傢伙也還是一個仇恨同性戀的人，”瓊斯如此評價那名兇手。他還表示：“如果他是走進了一座猶太教堂，殺死了無辜的猶太人——過去就有這樣的事情發生——那麼我們就會如實說這是令人髮指的反猶恐怖分子。”
“This was a homophobic hate crime as well as terrorism.”
“這既是仇恨同性戀的犯罪行爲，也是恐怖主義。”
Europe’s mainstream political leaders were quick to offer condolences on Monday and affirm their friendship with the American people. Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany condemned “such a murderous attack” and declared a determination to “continue our open, tolerant life.”
歐洲主流政治領導人很快在週一表示了慰問，申明他們與美國人民的友誼。德國總理安格拉·默克爾(Angela Merkel)對襲擊事件進行譴責，稱之爲“兇殘至極的襲擊”，並宣佈決心“繼續我們開放、包容的生活。”
Tel Aviv’s City Hall was bathed in the colors of the rainbow and the American flag on Sunday night. The town hall in Sydney, Australia, was lit in pink. In Britain, the cities of Blackpool and Liverpool said they would light local landmarks with rainbow colors on Monday night in memory of the victims.
週日晚上，特拉維夫市政廳亮起彩虹色的燈光，懸掛美國國旗。澳大利亞悉尼的市政廳沉浸在粉色燈光裏。在英國，布萊克浦和利物浦表示會在週一晚上在當地的地標亮起彩虹色的燈，以紀念襲擊事件中的受害者。
Even so, the Orlando killings come as far-right political parties in Europe are stoking anti-immigrant, anti-Muslim sentiments in a similar vein to Donald Trump, the presumptive Republican presidential nominee in the United States. As Trump quickly seized on the massacre to renew his call to view Muslim immigrants as a threat, some politicians in the European right did the same.
儘管如此，奧蘭多殺戮事件發生的時機卻恰逢歐洲右翼政黨在煽動反移民、反穆斯林情緒。他們與在美國穩獲共和黨總統提名的唐納德·特朗普(Donald Trump)論調類似。特朗普很快利用這場襲擊重申他的呼籲，主張將穆斯林移民作爲一種威脅來看待，而歐洲一些右翼政客也採取了相同的做法。
Hungary’s right-wing government has been in the vanguard on resisting migrants, and championing a so-called illiberal democracy. On Monday, Lajos Kosa, the parliamentary leader of the governing party, invoked the Orlando attacks as a cudgel to repeat the party’s campaign against migrants from Syria and other Muslim nations.
匈牙利的右翼政府一直站在抵制移民的前列，支持一種所謂的自由民主。週一，匈牙利執政黨的議會領袖洛約什·科沙(Lajos Kosa)將奧蘭多襲擊事件用作一件武器，重申該黨反對來自敘利亞等穆斯林國家的移民的主張。
“Uncontrolled migration, forced resettlement, the inflow of crowds into European society who not only cannot but do not want to integrate, come with enormous dangers,” Kosa told a plenary session of the Hungarian Parliament on Monday.
“不受控制的移民、強制性的安置，以及大批不僅沒有能力而且無意融入歐洲社會的人羣涌入，會帶來巨大的危險，”洛約什·科沙週一在匈牙利議會全體會議上發言。
For years, the United States’ liberal gun laws, and the unwillingness of Congress to change them, have mystified people in many other countries.
多年來，美國放任自流的槍支管理法規和國會不情願修改這些法律的狀況，令其他許多國家的人迷惑不解。
In Japan, the American gun issue is treated as a bizarre aberration, and much of the news media coverage of the Orlando killings focused on the terrorism angle. Only one person was killed by a gun last year in Japan, according to the National Police Agency, and there were only eight reported incidents of a gun being fired.
在日本，美國的槍支問題被看作奇異的反常現象，該國有關奧蘭多殺戮事件的衆多報道着重於恐怖主義的角度。據日本警察廳統計，去年全國只有一人遭槍殺，僅有八起被報道的槍擊事件。
In China, news of the Orlando shooting came only hours after a man set off primitive explosives in the check-in area at an airport in Shanghai. Four people were slightly injured, showing the gulf between the two countries in the lethality of the weapons available to the public. In China, where ordinary citizens have no access to firearms, the weapon of choice is often a large kitchen knife.
在中國，奧蘭多槍擊事件的消息傳來幾個小時前，一名男子剛剛在上海一座機場的值機區域引爆簡易炸藥裝置，這一事件導致四人受輕傷，顯示出兩國公衆可獲取武器的殺傷性存在巨大差異。在中國，普通公民不能持有槍支，歹徒選用的武器通常是大一點的廚房用刀。
There are more than 300,000 Chinese students studying at American universities and the Orlando shooting brought on new concerns from Chinese parents. Gao Junlan, a lawyer from southwestern China’s Sichuan Province, was concerned about her daughter, a third-year chemistry student at the University of Minnesota. Her daughter was at the Shanghai airport when the explosives were detonated there, waiting to catch a flight to the United States.
目前有逾30萬中國學生在美國的高校學習，而奧蘭多槍擊事件給中國的父母帶來了新的擔憂。西南省份四川的律師高俊蘭就很擔心女兒的安危，後者是明尼蘇達大學(University of Minnesota)化學專業的大三學生。上海的機場發生爆炸時，她的女兒就在現場，正在等待搭乘飛往美國的班機。
“I think the American government should tighten its gun control,” Gao said by telephone. “Yes, it is a free society for people with all religions and beliefs, but not everyone is capable of controlling their behavior and the government’s lax regulation is making killing a lot easier.”
“我覺得美國政府應該加強槍支管控，”高俊蘭在電話中表示。“沒錯，它是一個自由社會，有各種宗教和信仰，但不是所有人都能控制自己的行爲，而政府監管不嚴會讓殺人變得容易很多。”
