世界領袖齊聚巴黎出席氣候會議開幕式
The Paris climate change talks opened with pledges worth billions of dollars from dozens of heavily guarded world leaders yesterday.
巴黎氣候變化談判昨日開幕，逾百名世界領袖在嚴密保衛下到場，作出了鉅額資金承諾。
But the outpouring of promises to tackle a problem that Barack Obama, US president, said could “define the contours of this century more dramatically than any other” was tinged by anxiety about whether the two-week meeting would strike a robust agreement.
美國總統巴拉克攠巴馬(Barack Obama)稱，氣候變化可能“比其它任何事情都更加戲劇化地界定本世紀的輪廓”。但在各方紛紛承諾應對這個問題的同時，人們仍感到焦慮：爲期兩週的巴黎會議能不能達成一項強有力的協議？
The memory of the attacks that killed 130 people in Paris on November 13 lent a sombre tone to the opening of the talks at the Le Bourget airfield which are due to produce what would be the first global climate accord in 18 years.
對於130人遇難的巴黎11/13恐怖襲擊的記憶，給在勒布爾熱(Le Bourget)機場舉行的開幕式帶來陰暗基調。按計劃，本次會議應當達成18年來首份全球氣候協議。
In his opening address Hollande, French president, appealed to world leaders to curb global warming, warning of famine, mass migrations and wars if they failed.
法國總統弗朗索瓦攠朗德 Hollande)在開幕詞中呼籲世界各國領導人遏制全球變暖，他警告稱，如果他們失敗，將會發生饑荒、大規模遷徙甚至戰爭。
Mr Hollande told more than 20,000 attendees that climate change would bring conflict, “the risk of famine, a massive exodus from rural areas and conflicts over access to water”.
奧朗德對2萬多名與會者表示，氣候變化會帶來衝突，帶來“饑荒、大規模逃離農村地區以及圍繞水源的衝突的風險”。
He said any deal needed to be “universal, binding and differentiated”.
他表示，氣候協議必須是“普遍、具有約束力和差異化的”。
Surrounded by more than 6,000 police and security guards, more than 150 world leaders spoke of the need to make the talks a success, the largest group of leaders ever to attend a UN event in a single day.
在6000多名警察和保鏢的保護下，150多名世界領導人談到有必要使本次談判取得成功，這是史上在同一天出席聯合國活動的最大領導人羣體。
Among the announcements made, India and France unveiled a plan to mobilise more than $1tn over the next 15 years to make solar energy affordable in sun-rich developing countries.
各方作出的宣佈包括，印度和法國公佈一項計劃，將在今後15年期間籌集逾1萬億美元，使太陽能在陽光充足的發展中國家變得經濟實惠。
A group of 20 countries including the US, China and India vowed to double their existing combined $10bn of spending on clean energy research over the next five years. Norway, Germany and the UK said they would deliver more than $5bn over the next five years to support countries committed to reducing deforestation, a significant contributor to global warming.
包括美國、中國和印度在內的20個國家，誓言在未來五年裏把它們目前總計100億美元的清潔能源研發支出增加一倍。挪威、德國和英國表示，他們將在未來五年裏提供逾50億美元，支持相關國家減少森林砍伐——導致全球變暖的一大因素。
Negotiators from nearly 200 countries have converged on Paris to reach an agreement to cut emissions of the greenhouse gases that scientists say are on track to warm the planet to risky levels. Any deal will be based on voluntary action plans that more than 180 nations have tabled since March.
來自近200個國家的談判代表匯聚巴黎努力達成協議，以削減溫室氣體排放；科學家們聲稱，這些排放將使地球升溫幅度達到危險的水平。最終的氣候協議將基於180餘個國家自今年3月以來提交的自願行動計劃。
However, scientists fear that these commitments are not sufficient to prevent global temperatures warming more than 2C from pre-industrial levels, a level they deem risky for the planet. With a 1C increase nearly reached, they say evidence of a changing climate is already widespread, ranging from rising sea levels to melting ice caps.
然而，科學家們擔心，這些承諾並不足以阻止全球氣溫與工業革命前水平相比上升超過2攝氏度，他們認爲，超過2攝氏度的升溫幅度對於地球是高風險的。他們表示，迄今的升溫幅度已接近1攝氏度，而氣候變化的證據已經大面積出現——從海平面上升到冰蓋融化。
The talks are expected to be complicated by disagreements between rich and poor nations over who should lead the fight against global warming.
富國和窮國之間圍繞誰應該帶頭對抗全球變暖的分歧，預計將會導致談判複雜化。
Highlighting these divisions, Narendra Modi, the Indian prime minister, wrote in yesterday’s Financial Times that advanced countries that “powered their way to prosperity on fossil fuel” must continue to shoulder the greatest burden. “Anything else would be morally wrong,” he said.
突顯這些分歧的是，印度總理納倫德拉莫迪(Narendra Modi)昨日在英國《金融時報》撰文表示，“當年依靠化石燃料實現富裕”的發達國家，必須繼續肩負起最沉重的負擔。“其它安排在道德上都是錯誤的，”他說。
That point was echoed by Angela Merkel, the German chancellor, who told delegates in Le Bourget that any deal would have to be comprehensive and fair. However, other wealthy countries say the threat of global warming cannot be addressed solely by the pool of older industrialised countries that account for a dwindling share of global emissions, and that big emerging economies such as China and India must play their part.
這一點得到了德國總理安格拉默克爾(Angela Merkel)的呼應，她對匯聚勒布爾熱的與會代表們表示，任何協議都必須是全面和公平的。不過，其他富裕國家表示，全球變暖的威脅無法僅由幾個較老的工業化國家應對，這些國家在全球排放量中的佔比日益減少，大型新興經濟體如中國和印度必須發揮自己的作用。
