劊子手亮相,ISIS進軍全世界
In the video that showed the decapitated head of an American hostage and themurder of 18 Syrian soldiers, the real message was the faces of the killers.
在一個美國人質被斬首，18名敘利亞士兵被殺害的視頻中，真正重要的信息就是殺手們的長相。
PARIS — If you listen to his neighbors in onesleepy little Normandytown that could be just about anywhere, Maxime Hauchard was nothing if not agood boy. For the postwoman, mouth agape learning the news, and the dismayedlocal grandmothers paraded unassuming and guileless before French news camerasand radio microphones all day Monday, it just couldn't be.
如果你去馬克西姆·歐夏爾居住的安靜的諾曼底小鎮，就會發現它和其他地方的小鎮沒什麼不同，鄰居告訴你，馬克西姆是個特別好的男孩。但當女郵遞員瞠目結舌地閱讀新聞時，當整個週一，當地老實的老婦們沮喪而低調地聚集在一起，面對國家的新聞攝像機和無線麥克，馬克西姆就再也不是個好男孩了。But French authorities have confirmed that Hauchard, a 22-year-old Frenchconvert to Islam, is indeed one of the unmasked executioners in the so-calledIslamic State's latest gruesome massacre video.
法國官方確認了在22歲皈依了伊斯蘭教的公民歐夏爾，正是所謂的伊斯蘭國最近的恐怖屠殺視頻中那些沒戴面具的劊子手之一。
A good boy gone terribly wrong? In the video released Sunday, Hauchard standsbeside other ISIS henchmen, similarly attiredin black caps and sand-colored camouflage, wielding a knife as he clutches abent, balding Syrian man, primed for execution. The 16-minute clip portrays thedecapitation deaths of 18 Syrian government military personnel and appears toshow the severed head of American hostage Peter Kassig at the feet of a hoodedBritish ISIS militant notoriously known as Jihadi John.
一個乖乖少年誤入了歧途？週日流出的視頻顯示，歐夏爾站在其他ISIS信徒旁，也戴着黑帽子，身着沙色迷彩服，一手持刀，一手擒着一名即將被處決的弓着身子的光頭敘利亞士兵。16分鐘的視頻包括對18個敘利亞政府軍人實行斬首，還隱約可見一名叫彼得•卡西格的美國人質被砍掉的頭顱滾落在聖戰士約翰的腳下，後者戴着頭巾，是一名英國的ISIS武裝分子。Hauchard is the first of the unmasked executioners in the ISISvideo to be positively and publicly identified, although French authoritieshave said a second young French Muslim convert's appearance may beauthenticated shortly. As intelligence services around the world are working toidentify any other foreign fighters among the band of killers in the gory newvideo, speculation also surfaced that another of the killers is 20-year-oldWelsh jihadist Nasser Muthana, but that has yet to be confirmed.
雖然法國官方宣佈，另一個年輕的皈依伊斯蘭的法國人，其身份根據相貌可能很快被確認，然而在ISIS視頻中的未佩戴面罩的行刑者中，歐夏爾仍然是第一個被公開確認的人。世界各地的情報機構都致力於指認這個血淋淋的視頻中其他的外籍聖戰者，有人推測，另一個ISIS的聖戰者是一名20歲的威爾士人，名叫納賽爾•穆薩納，但推測並未確鑿。Indeed, analysts agree one of the video's key functions for ISISis to illustrate how far the group's seductive reach is extending globally. AsFrance took in the shock news that one of its own sons may be athroat-slitting, decapitating terrorist, the Islamist specialist Romain Caillettold Le Monde, “In putting forward soldiers from the four corners of the world,Da'esh [as the French call the group, using the Arabic acronym for ISIS] islooking to create a ‘United Colors of Jihad' effect. The message is simple:there are hundreds of Jihadi Johns.”
分析人士承認，事實上，視頻的作用之一在於，ISIS向人們展示自己的魔力蠱惑了全世界那麼多的人。在法國震驚於本國子民成爲一個割人喉嚨、取人首級的KB分子之時，伊斯蘭學專家羅曼凱列特對《法國世界報》說：”ISIS讓全球來自四個不同地方的士兵們亮相，意在製造一種‘聖戰顏色大一統'效應，含義很簡單：‘有數以百計的聖戰士約翰在那裏'。“Before his bloody star turn Sunday, Maxime Hauchard's story was, given thecontext, frighteningly banal. Born in Normandyto Norman-born parents, he was raised a Catholic along with a sister four yearshis junior in Le Bosc-Roger-en-Roumois, an inland town of 3,200 some 20 milessouth of Rouen.
在馬克西姆·歐夏爾成爲殺人明星前，關於他的故事平凡的實在不能再平凡了。父母出生在諾曼底，在諾曼底又生下了他，在魯穆瓦地區勒博斯克——位於魯昂南部大約20英里的3200人的內陸小鎮——他和大他四歲的姐姐一道被帶大，併成爲了天主教徒。One of the local reporters who descended on the village en masse Mondaydescribed, in Le Parisien, a pastoral town where “every street corner smells ofwoodfires and cowsheds, far from the urban projects.” Hauchard's parents' whitehouse was shuttered against the media onslaught Monday. They reportedly leftSunday night on word of their son's bloody ISIScameo.
週一，記者一齊奔赴諾曼底小鎮，一名《巴黎人報》的記者如此描述這個充滿田園景色的小鎮——“街道的每個角落都可以聞到燒柴火的味道，還有牛舍裏散發出來的味道，感覺不到城市裏的鋼筋水泥氣息。”當天，歐夏爾父母的白房子被媒體記者圍個水泄不通。據報道，他們知道自己兒子出現在臭名昭著的ISIS視頻裏後，週日晚上就離開了。By all accounts, Hauchard was handy at fixing scooters. He even registered abusiness selling spare parts out of his parents' home in 2010. He and aneighbor friend worked for a time in a pizzeria in a nearby town. His onlyknown run-in with the law was a 300-euro fine for failing to stop at the sceneof an accident and lacking insurance. And as neighbors have unfailinglyemphasized in local media interviews, he was supposed to be a nice guy.
所有人都說，歐夏爾是個修小摩托的好手。2010年，他甚至還做起了買賣，販賣父母家裏多餘的東西，還曾和一個鄰居小夥伴在附近鎮上的披薩店裏做過一陣工。他僅爲人知的違法行爲就是，因在一處交通事故現場未停車、又被發現沒辦保險而被罰300歐元。從鄰居們滔滔不絕的媒體訪談中，可見他應該是個好人。“He mowed the lawn, chopped the wood. When he partied a little with his friendsbehind the house, everything always went smoothly,” one neighbor identifiedonly as René told Agence France-Presse. “He was a nice boy who posed noproblem. They must have drugged him,” René's wife Jeannine speculated ofHauchard's ISIS overlords.
“他除過草、收過柴火，他和房後的夥伴們在一起的時候，也一切正常。”一位僅透露自己姓名是雷納的鄰居對法新社說。“他是個從不惹事的好男孩。他們一定給他餵了mihun藥了。”雷納的妻子珍妮安如此推測ISIS中歐夏爾的上級們。Hauchard's uncle told BFMTV the Maxime he knew “wouldn't hurt a fly.” The uncletold RTL radio Hauchard called his grandmother, ostensibly from Syria,on Nov. 2, for her birthday. In shock at news of her grandson's videoappearance, the grandmother reportedly was due to be hospitalized Monday night.
歐夏爾的叔叔接受BFMTV採訪稱，他眼中的馬克西姆“連只蒼蠅都不會打死一個”。還說，11.2號是他的祖母——有着一副敘利亞人面孔的老人的生日，歐夏爾還打電話問候了下。但震驚於孫子在視頻中的所作所爲，祖母據說要在週一晚上住進醫院。Hauchard converted to Islam in high school at 17, and is said to have suddenlybegun wearing a beard and djellaba. He is thought to have self-radicalizedonline, calling himself Abou Abdallah al-Faransi (“The Frenchman”) on socialnetworks.
歐夏爾在17歲上高中的時候皈依了伊斯蘭教，然後就突然蓄起了鬍子，穿起了長袍。在社交網絡上，他自稱爲阿布•阿卜杜拉•法蘭西（意爲“法國人”），網友認爲他是個激進分子。In a July interview via Skype from Raqqa, the capital of the self-styledIslamic State, Hauchard told France'sBFMTV, “It's funny because people think there is a sort of guru behind who putsthings in people's heads. In fact, no. I never met anyone. I would have likedto meet a brother.” He told the news channel he awaits death with joy and thatmartyrdom is the greatest reward.
七月，在自詡其名的伊斯蘭國家首都拉卡，歐夏爾接受了BFMTV的採訪：“人們總以爲好像有個大師之類的人能把東西植入別人的大腦裏，真好笑啊！事實上，我從來沒見過任何人。我曾想見個穆斯林兄弟，這倒是真的。”他對新聞採訪說，他欣然地迎接死亡，因爲殉教是被授予的最偉大的獎賞。French intelligence took note of Hauchard as early as 2011, before he made twotrips between October 2012 and May 2013 to Mauritania for Quranic teaching,schooling he is thought to have eschewed as not radical enough for his August 2013, he bought a cheap ticket to Istanbulon the pretense of doing humanitarian work and crossed the border to Syria near Gaziantep, Turkey.
法國情報機關早在2011年就開始關注歐夏爾了，之後，他在2012年10月和2013年5月兩次前往毛里塔尼亞進行教授和學習古蘭經，但貌似這些激進的不徹底，滿足不了自己的嗜好。於是在2013年的八月，他買了張廉價票，藉口進行人道主義工作，到了土耳其的伊斯坦布爾，然後在加利安普特地區穿過國境線進入了敘利亞。Boasting that he did little to hide his intentions, Hauchard told BFMTV,amused, about how airport security took little notice of his thick beard ormilitary boots. Photos he would share on Facebook this year show Hauchard inRaqqa, wearing combat gear and wielding a variety of heavy weapons.
他興高采烈地對BFMTV吹噓，自己並未遮遮掩掩，而機場安保也沒注意到留着濃密鬍鬚、穿着軍靴的自己。他今年在facebook上分享的照片顯示自己人在拉卡，穿着一身戰鬥裝備，手持各式各樣的重型武器。French investigators on Monday opened an investigation for murder in anorganized gang with links to a terrorist enterprise targeting Hauchard and theother potential French suspect. The latest investigation adds to nearly 100already on the books; 109 people have been indicted in the previous cases.
週一，法國已經開始調查一起有組織的結夥謀殺案件，這起案件與一起恐怖襲擊有聯繫，而歐夏爾和其他潛在的法國嫌犯已被鎖定。最近的調查又涉及到了近100個已記錄在案的嫌犯，在前幾個案子中，109個人被起訴。Just last week, the first convicted French Jihadist returnee was sentenced toseven years in prison. Flavien Moreau is a 28-year-old man originally from South Korea whowas adopted by a French family when he was two. Interior Minister BernardCazeneuve said Monday that five potential attacks on French soil by jihadireturnees have been foiled in recent months and 138 people have been“neutralized,” an ominous term that was not fully explained.
就在上週，第一個伏法的法國聖戰分子回到法國，被判7年監禁。弗拉維安•莫羅今年28歲，祖籍南韓，2歲的時候被一家法國人收養。內政部部長卡澤納夫在週一時稱，近幾個月，回到法國的聖戰分子預謀的針對法國本土的5次襲擊泡了湯，138人被“中立化”。關於“中立化”這一不祥詞彙，他並未做過多解釋。Some 1,132 French nationals are said to be implicated in Jihadist networks atpresent, according to Paris Public Prosecutor François Molins. Of those, 376are on the ground in Syriaand Iraq,including 88 women and 10 minors.
據巴黎公共檢察官弗朗西斯•莫林斯稱，目前，大約1132名法國國民捲入了聖戰分子的團體中，其中376人身在敘利亞和伊拉克，包括88名婦女和10名少數族裔。“We have never in the history of counterterrorism been confronted with suchnumbers,” Molins told reporters on Monday.
“我們歷史上的反恐行動，從來沒有面對這麼多的對手。”莫林斯於週一對記者說。As investigators continue to parse the latest ISIS video for foreign fightersamong the headsmen, Hauchard stands as an alarming sign of ISIS'sreach in the West. Le Monde cites the estimated 23 percent of the 376 Frenchjihadists in Syriathat are thought to have had non-Muslim upbringings, like Hauchard. And as hisstunned neighbors in Normandymight tell you, even allegedly nice guys are fair game.
調查再次深入，試圖找出ISIS最新視頻裏其他的外國籍行刑者，而歐夏爾的出現讓人們擔憂ISIS把魔爪伸向西方。法國世界報引述，376名在敘利亞的法國聖戰分子裏，估計有23%的是像歐夏爾一樣的非穆斯林。儘管歐夏爾的諾曼底鄰居驚訝之餘告訴你他如何如何好，但是再好的人，也會被邪惡勢力俘虜。
