世界頭號毒梟藏身洪都拉斯?
Ever since escaping from a high-security Mexican prison 12 years ago, Joaquín ‘El Chapo’ Guzmán has become one of the most elusive criminals in modern times. His ability to avoid capture, despite billions of dollars spent on finding him by U.S. and Mexican law-enforcement, has led to much speculation about where he is hiding or whether he is even still in Mexico. The most recent speculation came from Roberto Funes, the Vice Minister of Defense of Honduras.
自從12年前，綽號“矮子（El Chapo）”的喬奎因·古茲曼（Joaquín ‘El Chapo’ Guzmán）從墨西哥戒備森嚴的監獄越獄之後，他已經成爲當代最狡猾的罪犯之一。雖然美國和墨西哥執法機構在追捕他的過程中已經花掉數十億美元，但他一直躲避追捕至今，引發諸多有關他的藏身之處或者他是否依然在墨西哥境內的猜測。而最新的一種猜測則來自於洪都拉斯國防部副部長羅伯託·富內斯（Roberto Funes）。In an interview with the Spanish newspaper El Mundo, Funes said that Guzmán, the leader of the powerful Sinaloa Cartel, “could be in Honduras.” According to Funes, the Sinaloa Cartel, a criminal organization responsible for an estimated 25% of all illegal drugs that enter the U.S. via Mexico, also controls the flow of drugs in Honduras.
富內斯在接受西班牙《世界報》（El Mundo）採訪時表示，錫那羅亞販毒集團（Sinaloa Cartel）首腦古茲曼可能躲在洪都拉斯。據富內斯稱，錫那羅亞販毒集團掌控着洪都拉斯的毒品流動。而在從墨西哥流入美國的非法毒品中，大約25%在該犯罪組織的操控之下。Honduran traffickers, said Funes, “are the offspring of the Mexican Cartels.” There are between 180 and 200 clandestine air strips in Honduras, a nation which, according to the UN Office of Drug Crime, has the highest rate of homicides in the world. “There are air strips one kilometer long, but recently we found one which was 2.5 kilometers long. The cartels are preparing to bring in bigger planes, ” Funes told El Mundo.
富內斯說，洪都拉斯的毒販們“從墨西哥販毒集團衍生而來”。在這個全球謀殺率最高的國家（數據來源：據聯合國毒品和犯罪問題辦公室），存在着180到200條祕密機場跑道。富內斯告訴《世界報》說，“有些跑道長1公里，但近期我們發現的一條跑道有2.5公里長。這些販毒集團正準備引進更大型的飛機。”
DEA spokesperson Rusty Payne declined to comment on El Chapo’s whereabouts or speculation.
美國緝毒局（DEA）發言人魯斯特·佩恩尼（Rusty Payne）拒絕對“矮子”的下落或者猜測作出評論。Eric Olson, an expert on the Mexican cartels and Central America at the Woodrow Wilson Center, said that “it’s certainly possible that El Chapo is in Honduras. Borders are porous, law enforcement weak, and criminal networks control both territories and parts of the government including municipalities and sectors of federal law enforcement.”
埃裏克·奧爾遜（Eric Olson）是伍德羅·威爾遜國際學者中心（Woodrow Wilson Center）研究墨西哥販毒集團和中美洲的專家，他說，“‘矮子’藏身洪都拉斯是絕對有可能的。邊界駐守不嚴、執法薄弱，犯罪網絡除了自己的領地，還控制着一些政府部門，包括市政府和聯邦執法機構中的一些部門。”That said, Olson told me by email, “I have no specific information that he is in Honduras.” He said that the last information he saw from a court case in Chicago involving the son of one of Guzmán’s top lieutenants, “is that El Chapo is still in his mountaintop hideout in Mexico.”
話雖如此，但奧爾遜還是通過郵件告知，“我並沒有得到具體消息說他在洪都拉斯。”他說，他上一次看到有關“矮子”下落的消息，還是在芝加哥一宗牽涉古茲曼一名高級部下之子案件中，當時的案卷顯示“矮子”在墨西哥一個山頂藏身。
Olson observed that the DEA has much more freedom to operate and maneuver in Honduras than in Mexico. But, he cautioned, “this does not mean that DEA does not have an important presence in Mexico, it simply means it has more latitude in Honduras. Does this mean that the DEA would know if he is in Honduras? Maybe, but it’s not a guarantee.”
奧爾遜指出，相比在墨西哥，DEA在洪都拉斯採取行動要自由得多。然而，他提醒說，“這並不意味着DEA在墨西哥沒有什麼部署，它僅僅意味着它在洪都拉斯可以展開更加自由的行動。這是否意味着，如果‘矮子’真在洪都拉斯，那DEA就會知道？也許吧，但並不能保證。”The Funes statement came as a surprise. There are no other indications that Guzmán has slipped out of Mexico. In fact, he is still believed to be hiding in the mountains of his native state, Sinaloa, or neighboring Durango, where he is reported to have local police officers, mayors and even the state governor on his payroll. Official corruption is the key factor that keeps him free. He owes his 2001 escape to bribes that he paid to prison and law-enforcement authorities.
富內斯此次的聲明令人感到意外。目前沒有其他跡象顯示古茲曼已經順利逃出墨西哥。事實上，人們相信他仍然藏身於他的出生地墨西哥錫那羅亞州的山區；或者鄰州杜蘭戈——據信他已經收買了那裏的地方警察、市長和甚至該州州長。官員腐敗是他得以逍遙法外的關鍵因素。他在2001年之所以越獄成功，也是因爲他賄賂了監獄和執法機關。The possibility of having flown out of Mexico, however, has a precedent. In 1993, El Chapo was arrested in Guatemala and extradited to Mexico, where he was indicted and jailed on drug charges and murder. Back then, Guatemala, which borders Honduras, was his country of choice for escaping.
然而，飛離墨西哥的可能性已經有先例可循。1993年，“矮子”曾在危地馬拉被捕，之後被引渡到墨西哥，在那裏，他被控販賣毒品和謀殺，並被判入獄。當時，與洪都拉斯接壤的危地馬拉成爲他逃亡的首選國家。Since 2009, El Chapo has been included in Forbes’ World’s Most Powerful People list. This year he ranked 67th out of 72. Although Guzmán was dropped off the 2013 Forbes World’s billionaire list, U.S. authorities believe his drug crime empire is still laundering tens of millions of dollars annually. The U.S. government is offering a $5 million reward for information leading to his arrest.
從2009年至今，“矮子”一直躋身福布斯全球最具權勢人物榜。今年，他在72名上榜人物中排名第67位。雖然古茲曼未能登上2013福布斯全球億萬富豪榜，但是美國當局相信，他的毒品犯罪帝國每年洗黑錢的數額高達數千萬美元。美國政府懸賞500萬美元徵集此人下落，以求緝拿他歸案。
