印度汽車尾號限行 街道清靜了空氣沒見好
NEW DELHI — Traffic was flowing smoothly Monday morning on Outer Ring Road in South Delhi, usually jammed at that hour by subway construction and cars. An upscale market was dotted with free parking spaces. Monkeys ambled down one street in the colonial heart of the capital, easily dodging the few cars.
新德里——週一上午，在通常都會因地鐵施工和車流而發生擁堵的時間段裏，南德里外環路上交通順暢。一家高端市場裏分佈着不少免費停車位。在散發着殖民氣息的首都中心區域的一條街上，猴子在漫步，輕而易舉就避開了稀稀落落的車輛。
It was the fourth day of traffic restrictions imposed by the government of the metropolitan Delhi region, part of a series of measures meant to reduce pollution. The two-week experiment, which began on Friday, has been derided in many quarters of Delhi, where having a car and driver is a status symbol, and rush hour is usually a clamor of horn blowing, triple parking and bumper-to-bumper traffic.
這是德里大都會區政府實行交通管制的第四天，限行是一系列意在減少污染措施的一部分。爲期兩週的嘗試是從上週五開始的。在德里的很多地方，這件事遭到了嘲笑。在這裏，有車有司機是一種地位的象徵，高峯時段通常是一幅鳴笛聲四起、停車混亂、保險槓貼着保險槓的景象。
Under the policy, private cars are allowed on the streets on alternate days depending on their final license plate numbers, with Sundays exempt. It calls for penalties of around $30 for scofflaws, and its success is to be gauged by daily pollution measurements. In 2014, a World Health Organization study ranked New Delhi’s air quality the worst of nearly 1,600 cities surveyed.
根據相關政策，除週日外，私家車只能根據車牌最後一位數字的單雙號隔天上路。該政策要求對違反者處以大約30美元的罰款。成功與否有待每天的污染數據來衡量。在世界衛生組織(World Health Organization)2014年的一項研究中，新德里的空氣質量在近1600座接受調查的城市中墊底。
In a release issued last week, the Delhi government said that the traffic police and the divisional commissioner would deploy teams to 120 traffic points and that the Transport Department would check for overcharging and “misbehavior” by auto rickshaw drivers.
在上週發佈的一份聲明中，德里政府稱交警和分區長官將向120個交通要塞部署工作人員，交通部會檢查超載現象和嘟嘟車的“不當行爲”。
More than 1,200 drivers were caught violating the policy on Monday, according to the Press Trust of India, a news agency.
據新聞機構印度報業托拉斯(Press Trust of India)報道，週一當天，有1200多名司機被發現違規。
Skeptics questioned how the measure would be enforced. The Delhi regional government is run by the Aam Aadmi Party, and the police come under the federal government and its Bharatiya Janata Party. Arvind Kejriwal, the Delhi chief minister, has long clashed with the Delhi police.
持懷疑態度的人士質疑相關措施如何執行。德里地區由凡人黨(Aam Aadmi Party)執政，而警察機構則由聯邦政府及領導該政府的人民黨(Bharatiya Janata Party)管理。德里首席部長阿爾溫德·凱傑裏沃(Arvind Kejriwal)和德里警方長期不和。
But perhaps the most entrenched barrier is a Delhi elite used to having drivers standing by at all times. Some of those citizens, members of the capital’s upper classes, are up in arms about the change.
不過，最大的障礙或許是習慣了隨時都有司機待命的德里精英階層。他們中的部分人屬於首都的上層階級。對這一變化，他們竭力反對。
Promila Bij, 57, a South Delhi resident, swept into a taxi on Monday morning — the third she had called after two other companies said they had no cars. She arrived at work in West Delhi more than an hour late, she said later in a telephone interview, while her three cars and two drivers were sitting idle at home: All three have license plates ending in odd numbers, which were barred from the road on Monday. When she reached her office, where she works for a nongovernmental organization, she canceled meetings that regularly take her to the satellite city of Gurgaon and to central Delhi.
今年57歲的普羅米拉·比傑(Promila Bij)住在南城。週一早上，她鑽進了一輛出租車。這是她叫的第三輛車，此前的兩家公司均表示沒車了。後來接受電話採訪時，她說自己趕到西城上班的地方時晚了一個多小時，而她的三輛車和兩個司機卻閒在家裏：她這幾輛車的車牌最後一位都是單數，週一均不能上路。她在一家非政府組織任職，到辦公室後取消了會議。她的會議往往會在衛星城古爾岡及城中心舉行。
“I cannot come because I don’t have my driver or car,” she said. “If you want to call me snooty, all right, I am, because that is my lifestyle and that’s how I work.”
“我來不了，因爲沒車沒司機，”她說。“如果想說我自以爲高人一等也沒關係，我就是這樣，因爲這就是我的生活方式和工作方式。”
“You can’t say, ‘Change your lifestyle’ at the snap of a finger,” she added.
“你不能打個響指就說，‘改變你的生活方式，’”她說。
To accommodate the carless, the government said it would provide 3,000 extra buses. It took out newspaper advertisements, and the chief minister delivered a folksy radio spot on the measure.
爲了滿足無法開車的人的需求，政府表示會增加3000輛公交車。此事在報紙上登了廣告，首席部長還在廣播上安排了一檔親民欄目。
“We are truly overwhelmed by the response we have received so far,” Mr. Kejriwal told reporters outside his home on Friday. “Delhi will show the way to the rest of the country.”
“我們真的被迄今爲止收到的反饋淹沒了，”凱傑裏沃週五在自家房子外面對記者表示。“德里會給全國其他地方指明方向。”
But it is not clear that Delhi’s experiment will actually reduce pollution, especially as the rules are riddled with exemptions.
然而，德里的嘗試會不會真的減少污染還是個未知數，特別是在相關規定有很多例外的情況下。
Women are allowed to drive any car any time of day, seen as a nod to safety in a city where women face dangers on public transit. Two-wheelers — motorcycles and scooters, which experts say made up the majority of the nearly nine million vehicles on the road as of March in Delhi — are also exempt. Cars using compressed natural gas, and those belonging to senior government officials and judges, can be on the roads any day as well.
女性在一天裏的任何時段都可以開任何號碼的車。在這座女性在公共交通工具上面臨危險的城市，這被視作一種安全保障。兩輪的摩托車和踏板車也是例外。專家稱，截至3月，該市路面上有近900萬輛機動車，而兩輪車佔了大部分。使用壓縮天然氣的車，以及政府高官和法官的車也可以隨時上路。
Even as the government declared that the policy resulted in lower levels of particulate matter in the air on Friday compared with the same day last year, environmental experts cautioned that the effect would be limited. At noon on Monday, the air quality index measured by the United States Embassy reached 445, well into the “hazardous” level.
就在政府聲稱限行政策使週五當天空氣中的顆粒物水平同比實現下降時，環境問題專家告誡，實際效果可能很有限。週一中午，美國大使館測得的空氣質量指數爲445，完全屬於“有害”水平。
Some Delhi residents approved of the move. Amit Bhandari, a graphic designer, waited patiently for the Metro in a South Delhi station. He began taking the Metro last week, in anticipation of the traffic changes, and said he thought that they should continue.
一些德里居民同意限行舉措。平面設計師阿米特·班達裏(Amit Bhandari)在南城的一座地鐵站耐心地等車。料到交通會出現變化後，他從上週開始坐地鐵。他說自己認爲這些措施應該堅持下去。
“We Delhi-ites are into showoff,” he said. “Bigger cars mean you are in a more elite class. That culture needs to go.”
“我們德里人喜歡炫耀，”他說。“車越大，說明越是精英。這種文化應該消失。”
