關注大學生假期實習:實習生自殺事件的背後

導讀：不久前，奇美電子公司一名18歲暑期實習生墜樓身亡，大學生暑期實習再度成爲社會關注的焦點。學校安排暑期實習項目(summer intern program)本是好意，讓學生賺錢同時還可以獲得寶貴的工作經驗。但是，暑期實習大量機遇的背後又隱藏着哪些風險呢？學生們要如何避免這些風險，圓滿完成實習計劃呢？讓我們一起來看看吧！

CHINESE colleges have begun organizing summer-vacation internship programs that provide paying jobs for undergraduates. While such programs can equip students with valuable work experience, they also come with potential risks.

中國各大高校的暑期實習項目已經開始爲大學生提供帶薪實習機會。但這些項目在爲大學生提供寶貴工作經驗的同時，也伴隨着一系列潛在風險。

Last week, a student intern reportedly committed suicide at Chimei Innolux Company in Foshan, a branch company of Hon Hai Precision Industry, which also owns Foxconn. The 18-year-old, surnamed Liu, was a student at Shijiazhuang Oriental Technology Polytechnic School. He had been working under a school-company program as a summer-vacation intern for only two days.

上週媒體報道，鴻海精密工業股份有限公司的一家分公司--佛山市奇美電子公司的一名實習生自殺身亡。富士康也同屬鴻海公司旗下。據瞭解，這名自殺身亡男子姓劉，今年18歲，是石家莊東方職業高等技術學校學生。通過校企聯合實習項目開始暑期實習，僅僅工作了兩天。

"We usually consider it a good thing for schools to organize part-time work for students during summer vacation," said Zheng Xiao, a human resources consultant at ChinaHR. "Through these programs, employers can save costs, schools can gain a reputation for being able to guarantee internship opportunities for students, and students get pay and experience."

“我們通常認爲學校爲學生組織暑期兼職是件好事，”中華英才網的人力資源顧問鄭嘯說。“有了這些項目，公司可以節約成本，學校也會因爲保證學生有實習機會而遠近聞名，學生們掙錢的同時還能獲得工作經驗。”

Diao Lan, 19, a freshman tourism major at Liuzhou Rongshui Polytechnic, says he's pleased with his school's summer work program.

柳州融水職業技術學校旅遊專業大一新生刁藍（音譯），19歲，對學校的暑期實習項目感到很滿意。

"The school help us bargain with the company and win us benefits, like free meals and dorms," said Diao, a summer intern at an electronics company in Dongguan. "The school hires buses to send us directly to the company, and I have a strong sense of security since I am with classmates and teachers."

“學校幫我們和公司‘談判’，爲我們爭取利益，例如免費就餐和住宿，”刁藍說。刁藍在東莞一家電子公司實習。“此外，學校還租巴士送我們到公司。由於是和老師和同學們一起，我很有安全感。”

　　Out of schools' hands

　　超出學校掌控範圍

But every school-company program is different, and some of them are not that reliable. Zheng warns that some schools are not able to control how much their students are paid and worked, and how secure they feel at the company facilities.

但是，每個校外實習項目都不盡相同，並非每個項目都這麼可靠。鄭嘯提醒說，一些學校沒法控制學生的待遇、工作量以及他們在公司是否感到安全。

For example, to meet order deadlines, many companies require staff to work overtime. Du Yue, a 20-year-old accounting major at Shantou Polytechnic, part-timed at a toy company in Chenghai, Guangdong with other 94 students last summer.

舉例來說，爲了在訂單截止日期前完工，很多公司會要求員工加班。20歲的杜越（音譯），是汕頭職業技術學院會計專業的一名學生，他去年暑期在廣東省澄海一家玩具公司兼職，一起兼職的還有94名學生。

"We signed a very simple agreement with the school, promising that we would be on good behavior during the internship," said Du. "The school then arranged work for everyone on the production line - it didn't matter what our major was."

“我們和學校簽了一個特別簡單的協議，承諾在實習期間會表現良好，” 杜越說。“後來，學校就把我們每個人都分配在生產線上工作--這和我們的專業完全沒關係。”

He was paid 2,000 yuan for his one-and-a-half months of work, but it left him feeling exhausted. "It was common to stay on the production line for 10 hours a day. The order had a deadline so tight that we took only one day off every two weeks," Du recalled. "And the company did not provide earplugs for the interns, so we had to bear the noise from the machines."

兼職1個半月，累死累活卻只拿到了2000元錢。“每天在生產線上工作10小時都成了家常便飯。訂單的截止日期很緊，所以我們每2周才休息1天。 ”杜越回憶道。“更糟的是，公司根本不爲實習生配備耳塞，我們不得不忍受機器的轟鳴聲。”

Du and his classmates complained to their teachers, but the situation didn't change. The contract between the school and the employer was ambiguous, so students couldn't find a way to protect their rights.

杜越和同學們向老師抱怨，但情況卻沒有發生任何轉變。學校和公司簽署的合同很模棱兩可，因此學生們沒有辦法保護自己的權利。

　　Strict terms

　　苛刻的條款

Employers, meanwhile, have their own concerns. "Student internship programs usually last less than two months. We don't want to invest money in training them or providing insurance," said Zhou Weihua, director of the general manager's office at Dongguan Yintong Glass Company.

另一方面，招聘單位同樣面臨着困擾。“學生實習項目通常不會超過2個月。我們不花錢培訓他們，也不提供保險。”東莞市銀通玻璃有限公司總經理辦公室主任周蔚華（音譯）說。

Many schools accept such strict terms because they don't want to lose the opportunity to place hundreds of students in internships.

因爲不想失去讓數百名學生實習的機會，許多學校都接受了此類苛刻的條款。

There are also examples of shady dealings between schools and companies.

此外，學校和公司之間的可疑交易也時有發生。

"Last week, we found that an electronics company had given all the student wages to the teacher directly, and then the teacher paid the students," said Xie Guoping, director of the Xiegang township labor bureau in Dongguan. "Students didn't see the detailed payroll."

“上週，我們發現一家電子公司直接將學生薪酬交給老師，由老師來轉交給學生，”東莞謝崗鎮勞動局主任謝國萍（音譯）說。“學生們沒見過詳細工資單。”

According to rules laid down by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, schools should get a permit from local education authorities before organizing part-time work for students. "Most schools involved in such partnerships don't have the permit," said Xie. "In such cases, we have to send all the students back home."

根據勞動與社會保障部頒發的規定，學校在開展學生兼職項目前應得到當地教育部門的許可。“許多與企業進行合作的學校大多沒有得到該許可，”謝國萍說。“這種情況下，我們不得不將所有學生送回家。”