幸福之路:金錢不是萬能
Wellbeing is not just about money – if you can see a tree you're likely to be happier.
幸福並不只是金錢的問題——如果你能看到一棵樹你可能會更快樂。
Deprived areas of the country do not contain the unhappiest citizens, research by the government revealed as official statistics showed that one in eight people were struggling to manage financially during the economic slowdown.
這個國家的貧困地區沒有最不幸福的公民，由政府研究發佈的官方統計數據顯示，八分之一的人都在在經濟放緩期間努力掙錢。
Speaking at the launch of the the latest release of data from the Office for National Statistics, David Halpern from the Cabinet Office pointed out that reported life satisfaction in Hartlepool was higher than in Blackburn despite similar levels of deprivation.
來自國家統計局最新數據發佈會上，內閣辦公室的David Halpern指出，儘管歷經相似的衰退但報告中哈特爾普爾的生活滿意度要高於布萊克本。
"Look at Rutland, which is similarly wealthy to Wokingham. Yet levels of life satisfaction are much higher. Rutland is built near lakes. So we think environment does make a difference to happiness. It seems that if you can see a tree you are happier," said Halpern.
“看看拉特蘭郡,和伯克郡沃金厄姆區一樣富裕。然而生活滿意度要高得多。拉特蘭郡是建立在湖泊附近。所以我們認爲環境的確會影響到幸福。看來，如果你能看到一棵樹你會更快樂，” Halpern說。
The ONS data showed life satisfaction had dipped slightly – in contrast to gross domestic product, which has risen since 2009.
英國國家統計局數據顯示，生活滿意度有輕微下降——與自2009年以來已經上升的國內生產總值相比。
Instead, researchers said real household actual income, which takes into account government spending, better reflected national happiness.
相反，研究人員說算進政府支出的家庭實際收入能更好地反映國民幸福度。
This measure grew between 2002 and 2008 but has fallen to near 2005 levels. However, many recognise that enhancement of wellbeing is about more than money. The ONS pointed out that mental health remains an important issue, with 20% of the population reporting "some kind of psychological distress". The former cabinet secretary Lord O'Donnell announced he would head a commission, funded by the Legatum Institute, to help work out what affected happiness.
這個幸福度在2002年和2008年之間有所增長但已降至接近2005年的水平。然而，許多人認識到健康的加強不僅僅涉及到金錢。國家統計局指出，心理健康一直是一個重要的問題，人口報告中20%的人處在“某種心理痛苦中”。前內閣祕書Lord O'Donnell宣佈他將領導由列格坦研究所資助的委員會幫助找出影響幸福的因素。
Academics have long focused on measuring subjective emotions – usually through surveys. People consistently report that what determines happiness includes physical and mental health, the strength of family and community ties, autonomy and a sense of control over one's life, and leisure time.
學者一直專注於觀測主觀情感——通常通過調查。人們一貫報告說決定幸福的因素包括生理和心理健康、家庭和社區關係的融洽度、自治和對個人生活的一種自制力，以及休閒時間。
Layard said: "In fact, a person's happiness is much more strongly related to their emotional health as a child. This is not a current focus in the educational system. Instead we are cutting back on child mental health services. We are struggling to develop support for a child's emotional side. It's clearly more important than intellectual achievement for happiness."
萊亞德說:“事實上一個人的幸福感與他們兒童時期的心理健康更密切相關。這不是目前教育系統的重點關注對象。相反，我們還在減少兒童的心理健康服務。我們正在努力開發孩子感性的一面。很顯然成就幸福來說這比知識更重要。”
Andrew Oswald, professor of economics at Warwick University, said that in the next 20 years "happiness will have won out".
安德魯奧斯瓦德，華威大學經濟學教授說在未來的20年“幸福會勝出”。
"This August, Ben Bernanke, the US Federal Reserve chairman, said that economics was about wellbeing … asking Americans how secure they feel in their jobs. For someone like me who has sat here for 20 years watching these debates it's nothing short of a revolution."
“今年8月，美聯儲主席本•伯南克說經濟學是關於幸福的…詢問美國人在他們的工作是否感到安全。對於那些像我這樣已經在這坐了20年看着這些辯論的人來說這簡直就是一場革命”。
