如何識別一個不可信的微笑?
Humans produce about 50 distinct types of smiles but there's one distinction that really matters: between real and fake.
人類大約有50種各自區別的微笑，但只有一種區別是真正重要的：真的和假的。
If we can tell the people who are showing what they're feeling from the people who are faking it, then we've got a really good indicator of who to trust and work with.
如果我們可以辨別那些表達自己真正感覺的人和那些假裝的人，那麼我們就有了一個很好的指示器，可以知道誰值得信任和合作。
Shown a picture, most of us can spot a fake smile as it tends to involve only the mouth. When people feel the positive emotions welling up, the smile also reaches upwards across the face, towards the eyes.
看到一張照片，大多數人都可以識別出假笑，因爲這種笑只在嘴上。而當人們感覺積極的情緒涌起的時候，微笑會一直向上通過臉部到達眼睛。
Look at the picture on the right (above), see the crinkles there around the eyes? That, along with the raising of the cheeks, bulging of the skin below the eye and narrowing of the eyelids means she's feeling it.
看看上面的圖片，看到眼睛周圍的皺紋了嗎？那些沿着提升的臉頰、眼部下方皺起的皮膚，還有變窄的眼瞼的皺紋，意味着她正在感覺微笑。
In a picture it's easy to spot but in real time it happens fast, so fast that Lucy Johnston and colleagues wondered if we can really spot the difference (Johnston et al., 2010). Can we tell an enjoyment smile from a non-enjoyment smile, and how do we use this information?
在圖片上很容易識別出來，但是在真實世界中它一閃而過，以至於Lucy Johnston和她的同事都懷疑我們是否真正能夠察覺到這些不同。我們能夠辨別發自內心的微笑和並不愉快的微笑嗎？應該怎樣運用這些知識呢？
Spotting the fake
識別虛僞的微笑
The news is good for our face reading abilities and bad for those hiding behind fake smiles. Across a series of experiments the researchers found that people:
這個消息對於我們認識面部表情的能力來說是個好消息，但對於那些藏在虛僞的微笑後面的人來說是個壞消息。在一系列的試驗中，研究者發現：
"taneously attend to, and differentiate between, enjoyment and non-enjoyment smiles in situations where issues of trust or cooperation were salient and, further, that such sensitivity would guide interactions in a socially adaptive manner."
“當信任和合作顯得非常重要的時候，人們不由自主地會注意區分真正的微笑和假裝的微笑。進一步地，這種敏感性會引致人們相互作用於社會適應行爲之中。”
Despite the speed with which faces move, we can read whether or not smiles reflect real positive emotions. Not only that but our behaviour automatically changes depending on what type of smile we detect. Real enjoyment smiles send signals of trustworthiness and suggest people we can co-operate with.
儘管表情變化的速度很快，我們還是可以讀出微笑是否反映了真正積極的情緒。不僅如此，我們的行爲也會根據我們識別出的微笑種類而變化。真正愉快的微笑發出值得信任的信號，也暗示人們我們是可以合作的。
Spotting the difference between real and fake can be crucial in everyday life:
識別真正的微笑和虛僞的微笑對於日常生活來說很關鍵。
"The ability to accurately detect the trustworthiness of others allows the perceiver to identify co-operators and reduces the risk of being exploited."
“準確察覺別人可信度的能力可以讓觀察者辨別出合作對象，降低被利用的風險。”
Yes, most people produce fake smiles some of the time, usually to be polite. But when it matters and trustworthiness is important, we are remarkably good at automatically detecting real smiles and extending our trust.
是的，大多數人有時候都會假裝微笑，通常是爲了禮貌。但是當關繫到可信度的時候，我們顯然自動變得善於識別出真正的笑容，並給與我們的信任。
