金字塔的10個古埃及科技痕跡(上)

The ancient pyramids of Giza have wowed mankind for centuries. They tower over the desert landscape, with the Great Pyramid standing a whopping 139 meters (455 ft) high. For many years, the Great Pyramid, believed to have been built by Pharaoh Khufu around 2550 BC, was the largest structure on Earth. The second pyramid is believed to have been built by Khufu's son, Khafre, circa 2520 BC. The second pyramid also includes the Sphinx, a limestone monument with the body of a lion and ordained with the head of a pharaoh. The third pyramid is much smaller than the first two and is thought to have been built by Pharaoh Menkaure around 2490 BC. Some scientific analysis has determined that these pyramids could be much older than is generally thought, suggesting that Khufu simply claimed the massive structures that were already in place for himself.

吉薩金字塔已經讓人類驚歎了數百年。它們聳立在沙漠中，其中的大金字塔高達139米。多年來人們都相信，大金字塔是法老胡夫於公元前約2550年修建的，曾是地球上最大的建築。第二座金字塔則應該由胡夫的兒子海夫拉建於公元前2520年左右。這座金字塔還包括獅身人面像，即雄獅身體和法老頭顱組成的石灰石紀念碑。第三座金字塔比前兩座小很多，應該是法老孟卡拉於公元前約2490年修建。一些科學分析顯示，這些金字塔可能比普遍認爲的還要古老得多，胡夫也許只是把早已存在的巨大建築據爲己有。

Many scientists have concluded that it only took 20,000 workers a period of 20 years to build the Great Pyramid. This is quite astounding, when our history tells that us they only used wooden implements with ropes and pulleys. With all the detail and precise alignments, it is hard to believe that such magnificence could be gained in a 20-year period by so few workers with such limited tools and resources.

許多科學家推斷，大金字塔只花了2萬名工人20年時間修建。這相當驚人，因爲歷史告訴我們，他們只用了帶繩索和滑輪的木製工具。它如此細緻，朝向精確，很難相信這樣的輝煌只需要這麼少的人力物力和時間。

Despite all the study of these ancient wonders, scientists still can't confirm exactly how the pyramids were built. We have not been able recreate them, even on a smaller scale, with the same precision as our predecessors. The technology to do so back then simply didn't exist, according to current historic teachings. It shouldn't have been possible for the pyramids to be built. On top of that, the Great Pyramid is the only of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World to survive.

儘管有很多關於這些古代奇蹟的研究，科學家還是無法確定它們的建造過程。即使以更小的規模重建，我們也法達到古人的精度。根據目前的歷史知識，這麼做需要的技術當時根本不存在。金字塔應該不可能建成。此外，大金字塔是古代世界七大奇蹟的唯一倖存者。

With some evidence suggesting that these pyramids could predate the Egyptians, there are those who believe that the pyramids could be a mark left by a more advance civilization, much older than 4,500 years. These are the top ten reasons the pyramids of Giza could prove that advanced ancient technology existed.

有證據表明，這些金字塔可能比埃及人存在得更久。有人認爲，金字塔可能是一個更先進的文明留下的痕跡，遠不止4500歲。下面就是吉薩金字塔證明古代存在先進技術的十大理由。

10．Size And Weight Of Materials

10．材料的大小和重量

The pyramids' massive size alone creates a very persuasive argument that there was some unknown technology involved in their construction. The Great Pyramid, the largest of the three and the largest in the world, consists of 2.3 million stone blocks that weigh 2.5 to 15 tons apiece. According to archaeologists, they were quarried from a nearby source. At such a marvelous weight, how did the workers move these blocks?

金字塔的巨大尺寸本身就有力地證明，建造它時牽涉了一些位未知的技術。大金字塔是世界上最大的，用了230萬塊石塊，每塊重2.5至15噸。考古學家認爲它們是從附近挖來的。但是它們這麼重，當時的工人要怎麼移動？

It is theorized that large groups of workers would have pushed these massive blocks over wooden ramps. This seems very unlikely, as there does not appear to have been any material, much less any type of wood, that could have withstood the weight of these massive stones. When you do the math for the time frame of the Great Pyramid's construction, it comes out to workers setting a block every two and half minutes. Seems pretty incredible, if not impossible.

有理由認爲，這些巨石由大批工人推上木斜坡。這看起來不大可能，因爲似乎沒有材料，更別說什麼木材，能承受這麼大的重量。算一算建大金字塔的時間你就會發現，工人放一塊巨石只能用兩分半鐘。要麼不可思議，要麼不可能。

9．Intricate Tunnel Systems

9．複雜的隧道系統

New discoveries are regularly made beneath the Giza pyramids. The tunnel systems found below them truly allude to an advanced civilization. Carved from limestone bedrock, these labyrinths protrude deep beneath the desert and have much left to be discovered. The passageways are always revealing new truths and hidden chambers, unknown to man for thousands of years. A recent find by archaeologist Brien Foerster only strengthens the notion that ancient advanced technologies once existed, long before our time.

吉薩金字塔下經常會有新發現，比如隧道系統就真的暗示了先進的文明。這些雕刻在石灰岩岩牀上的迷宮被沙漠深埋，還有許多祕密等待發現。沿着它們，總能發現人們不知道了幾千年的事實和密室。考古學家福斯特最近的發現只是加強了一個觀念，那就是，古代先進技術在我們的時代之前很久就已出現。

While exploring deeper into the mazes beneath the pyramids, Foerster discovered 20 boxes cut with precision from Aswan granite. Each box weighs in at 100 tons a piece. Experts believe these huge boxes were burial places for prized bulls. The only issue with this belief is that no bulls have ever been found. The function of the boxes remains a mystery. Some think they were perhaps used to store an ancient form of energy. That might make more sense than bull burials.

在探索迷宮的更深處時，福斯特發現了20個用阿斯旺花崗岩精細切割的盒子。每個盒子重達100噸。專家相信，這些巨型盒子是受寵公牛的棺槨。唯一的問題是，沒有發現什麼公牛。這些盒子的用途仍然是迷。有人認爲他們可能被用來存儲一種古老的能量形式。這可能比公牛棺槨更有意義。

8．Alignment With The North Pole

8．向北極看齊

There are a lot of theories that circulate concerning the alignment of the pyramids, specifically the Great Pyramid. They all agree that they cannot conclusively say how the ancient Egyptians were able to construct the Great Pyramid with such accuracy to the cardinal directions.

有很多關於金字塔朝向的理論，尤其是大金字塔。他們都承認不能最終確定古埃及人建大金字塔時，如何精確地校準主要方向。

The north-south axis is aligned to within 0.15 degrees of true north-south. The ancient Egyptians didn't have the North Star like we do today as a guide to true north. One of the only ways for them to have constructed the pyramids with such accuracy would have been to use complex algorithms. These algorithms would have only worked close to the seasonal solstice times, when the Sun's alignment is more easily viewed. Further complicating the process, we must take into consideration atmospheric conditions, obstruction of viewpoint, etc.

金字塔南北軸線的偏差在0.15度以內。古埃及人可不像我們有北極星指北。想讓金字塔的朝向如此整齊，僅有的方法之一就是使用複雜的算法。這些算法只能用在春秋分和夏冬至，因爲這時容易與太陽對齊。更復雜的是，我們還必須考慮大氣條件和視角的干擾等因素。

Historically, no records have been found of the process the Egyptians used. The Great Pyramid, constructed thousands of years ago, is more accurate in alignment than our modern-built Meridian Building at the Greenwich Observatory in London.

歷史上沒有對埃及人所用方法的記錄。大金字塔建於幾千年前，卻比倫敦格林威治天文臺的現代建築子午線樓更準確。

7．Mortar Of Unknown Origin

7．來歷不明的砂漿

Samples of the mortar used for the construction of the pyramids have been analyzed many times, and though the composition has been determined, our modern technology has yet to be able to recreate it. The mortar is mostly made of processed gypsum, and it wasn't used like the cement we use for our modern-day bricks.

用於建造金字塔的砂漿已經被分析了很多次，雖然確定了成分，但我們卻無法用現代技術複製它。這種砂漿主要由加工過的石膏製成，用法和我們現在砌牆的水泥不同。

Ancient Egyptian mortar was used to support the joints of the huge stones as they were placed. An estimated 500,000 tons of mortar were used during the construction of the Great Pyramid. Astoundingly, this gypsum mortar is stronger than the stones themselves and has remained in place for thousands of years.

古埃及砂漿是在壘巨石時支撐連接處的。建大金字塔估計用了50萬噸砂漿。令人吃驚的是，這些石膏砂漿比石頭本身還堅固，而且已經存在了數千年。

6．Mysterious Shafts

6．神祕轉軸

There has been much speculation regarding the shafts inside the Great Pyramid. Of the three pyramids in Giza, it is the only one to be built with them. The angles of these shafts seem to correspond with celestial bodies. This would still beg the question: What unknown technology were they using to get such precise alignments, and why go through all the trouble?

關於大金字塔裏的轉軸，猜測很多。在吉薩的三個金字塔中，它是唯一有這些東西的。這些軸的角度似乎與天體相對應，但這還是無法回答幾個問題：他們用了什麼未知技術，來獲得如此精確的對齊，以及，他們爲什麼要費這功夫？

Just like the pyramid's alignment with the poles, there are no records found within Egyptian culture that reveal how they were able to get these alignments. There are other theories that state these shafts were simply for ventilation, though most of them do not even break the surface of the pyramid to reach outside air.

就像金字塔與極點的對齊，埃及文化中沒有記錄說明，他們如何獲得這種對齊。有些別的理論說，這些轉軸只是爲了通風，不過大多數轉軸根本沒有穿透金字塔接觸到外界空氣。