1型糖尿病是由什麼原因引起的?

What causes type 1 diabetes?

1型糖尿病是由什麼原因引起的？

Type 1 diabetes is caused by an autoimmune reaction (meaning the body attacks itself by mistake) that destroys the cells in the pancreas that make insulin, Katherine Araque, M.D., director of endocrinology of the Pacific Neuroscience Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, Calif., tells Health. What actually causes that autoimmune reaction in the first place isn't completely known at this time.

1型糖尿病是由自身免疫反應（也就是說身體在誤傷自己）引起的，該反應會破壞胰腺中製造胰島素的細胞，加利福尼亞州聖莫尼卡市普羅維登斯聖約翰健康中心太平洋神經科學研究院的分泌科主任凱瑟琳·阿拉克（Katherine Araque）醫學博士對《健康》雜誌說道。目前尚不完全瞭解導致自身免疫反應的真正原因。

This process can go on for months or even years before someone develops symptoms, the CDC says. Unlike type 2 diabetes, diet and lifestyle factors don't cause type 1 diabetes. But beyond that, there are some factors that put someone at a greater risk of developing type 1 diabetes:

美疾控中心表示，在症狀顯露之前，這一過程可能會持續數月甚至數年。與2型糖尿病不同，飲食和生活方式因素不會導致1型糖尿病。但除此之外，其它一些因素卻與1型糖尿病患病風險息息相關：

A family history of the disease

1型糖尿病家族史

Having a parent, brother, or sister with type 1 diabetes, raises a person's risk of also developing the disease—but it's not a given. "There certainly is an inherited tendency but that alone is not sufficient," Dr. Dungan says, noting that plenty of people have the disease with no immediate relatives who also have it. "It's not like type 2 diabetes, where almost everyone has a close relative with it," she says.

父母/兄弟/姐妹患有1型糖尿病會增加一個人的患病風險——但這並不是絕對的。“遺傳趨勢當然存在，但僅有遺傳趨勢卻不足以致病，”鄧根醫生說道，並指出，很多1型糖尿病患者並沒有直系親屬也患有這一疾病。“這與2型糖尿病不同，大多數患者的近親也患有這一疾病，”她說道。

A younger age

年齡較小

Type 1 diabetes usually starts when someone is a child or young adult but, the CDC points out, you can technically develop the disease at any age. "It's not that there's an absence of risk as one gets older; It's just that the incidence of type 2 diabetes goes up with age," Dr. Dungan says.

兒童或青年人更易患1型糖尿病，美疾控中心指出，但實際上，任何年齡段都有可能患上該疾病。“年齡大的人也存在患病風險；而2型糖尿病的患病風險是隨着年齡增加而增加的，”鄧根醫生說道

Environmental factors

環境因素

It's possible that environmental factors might be involved in the development of type 1 diabetes, like patients having a virus, like enterovirus, or being exposed to certain things before they develop the disease, but it's more of a theory at this point. "It hasn't really been well understood," Dr. Dungan says.

1型糖尿病的發生可能與環境因素有關，例如病毒（如腸病毒）患者或患者在患病前暴露於特定環境中，但目前這隻停留在理論階段。鄧根醫生說：“我們尚未完全瞭解。”

Given that the cause of type 1 diabetes isn't completely understood, scientists haven't figured out a set way to prevent the disease. "There are multiple ongoing trials right now to try to figure out how to prevent type 1 diabetes, but we haven't extrapolated anything yet," Dr. Araque says.

鑑於1型糖尿病的病因尚不明確，科學家還未找到預防這一疾病的方法。阿拉克醫生說道：“目前正在進行多項試驗以找出預防1型糖尿病的方法，但尚未有突破性進展。”