北京雙胞胎姐妹不幸溺亡 如何及時發現溺水？又該如何預防和施救？

8月5日下午，北京一對8歲的雙胞胎姐妹在山東青島黃島區沙灘玩耍時失蹤，事發後救援組織、當地市民及網友紛紛加入尋人隊伍，最終，搜救人員先後找到兩人遺體，均爲溺水身亡。

救援現場。　趙玉勳　攝 Police in Qingdao, Shandong province, confirmed on Monday that 8-year-old twin girls who traveled from Beijing had been found drowned.

山東青島警方週一證實，來自北京的一對8歲雙胞胎姐妹已被發現溺亡。

The twins had come to the coastal city with their mother for a holiday.

兩個孩子和母親一起來青島旅遊度假。

The mother said she lost sight of the girls on a beach in the city's Huangdao district around 3 pm on Sunday as they were having fun digging in the sand just meters away from her. They were wearing swimming suits and had bare feet.

孩子母親說，週日下午3點左右，她們在黃島區的沙灘上游玩。孩子們在離自己幾米遠的地方挖沙子，一會兒功夫她卻發現孩子們不見了。她們身穿游泳衣，光着腳丫。

The mother said she would check her mobile phone from time to time as the girls were playing, but she looked up at some point and found that the girls were missing. After almost an hour of searching, she called the police.

這位母親說，孩子們玩兒的時候，她時不時看看手機。但突然她擡頭一看，發現孩子們不見了。她找了將近一個小時都沒找到，於是報了警。

The twins' deaths drew wide concern on social media, with many comments warning of possible dangers. Some social media users, who seemed familiar with tidal currents in Qingdao, said the sea often ebbs at the time the twins vanished, and people can be carried off easily by the current.

雙胞胎女孩溺亡的消息在社交媒體引起廣泛關注。很多人提醒大家有可能出現的危險。一些熟悉青島海邊潮汐流的網友說，兩人消失的時刻海水通常在退潮，海浪很容易把人捲走。

夏季是溺水事故的高發季節，在此我們準備了一些溺水預防及救護常識，希望大家提高安全意識，避免悲劇重演。

溺水的危險因素

嬰兒和兒童溺水的危險因素：

Lack of supervision in the bathtub or other body of water

在浴缸或者其他水體時缺乏照看。

A swimming pool is a risk factor in itself. Children, who have drowned, usually have been out of sight for less than 5 minutes.

游泳池本身就是個危險因素。溺水的兒童通常脫離大人的視線還不到5分鐘。

Lack of life jackets (personal floatation devices) on boats. Pool toys are not a substitute for a "real" life jacket.

船上救生衣（救生圈）不夠用。泳池玩具不能替代真正的救生衣。

Child abuse or neglect

虐待兒童或疏忽。

青少年和成年人的溺水危險因素：

Alcohol consumption. Alcohol use is a factor in half of all teenage and adult drowning deaths.

飲酒。在所有的青少年和成年人溺亡案例中，有一半是因爲飲酒導致。

Inability to swim

不會游泳。

Medical emergency in the water. This includes victims who experience a heart attack, stroke or seizure in the water. It also includes open water drowning victims who sustain an animal bite or sting.

水中醫療緊急事故，包括突發心臟病、中風或驚厥，以及在開放水域被動物咬傷或叮傷的溺水者。

Fatigue or exhaustion when swimming.

游泳時疲勞甚至精疲力盡。

Not appreciating the environment. This includes diving into shallow water and sustaining a head or neck injury, or falling into the water when walking on thin ice.

不顧周圍環境。包括在淺水區跳水導致頭頸部受傷，或者在薄冰上行走時掉進冰窟。

Boating accidents

船隻事故。

Lack of life jackets (personal floatation devices or PFDs)

缺少救生衣（救生圈）。

Scuba diving accidents

水肺潛水事故。

Suicide attempts

企圖自殺。

如何分辨某人是否溺水？

Drowning is a silent killer. Victims may not be able to call for help because they are expending all of their energy trying to breathe or keep their head above water. When water is inhaled, the upper airway or larynx (voice box) may go into a spasm, making it difficult to cry for help.

溺水是一個無聲殺手。溺水者可能無法呼救，因爲他們正在拼盡全力呼吸或者把頭伸出水面。他們嗆水時，上呼吸道或者喉部（喉頭）可能會痙攣，很難呼救。

Victims of drowning usually do not thrash in the water as often depicted on television or in the movies. Most victims are found floating or submerged in the water.

溺水者一般不會像電視或電影中描述的那樣在水中猛烈拍打。大多數遇難者只是漂浮或者半淹在水中。

The drowning victim often is bobbing with their head tilted back just at the waterline and the mouth wide open. The respiratory effort may be rapid but is often shallow. The eyes tend to be wide open and may hold a sense of panic. If there is a swimming effort, it is weak and uncoordinated.

溺水者常常頭部後傾在水面上，上下撲騰，同時嘴巴張大。他們的呼吸急促，但非常淺，眼睛睜大，有恐慌感。游泳的動作無力且不協調。

溺水後如何救護？

The treatment for a possible drowning is a first aid emergency. Often, once the victim has been removed from the water, CPR may be necessary and emergency medical services should be activated.

如果遇到有人溺水，首先要開展急救。在通常情況下，溺水者被救上岸邊後，應進行心肺復甦，並撥打急救電話。

溺水的預防

Learning how to swim should be a priority for all children and for people of all ages.

不管是孩子還是大人，首先要學會游泳。

When participating in water sports, the use of a personal floatation device (life jacket) is mandatory. Pool toys are not a substitute.

在參加水上運動時，必須要穿上救生衣。泳池玩具不可替代救生衣。

Alcohol is a major contributor to drowning accidents. Water and alcohol don't mix.

飲酒是溺水的一個很大的危險因素。游泳就不要飲酒。

Never leave an infant unattended in a bathtub or near water.

不要把嬰兒留在浴盆或者水邊疏於照看。

Never leave a child unattended near water, whether that is a swimming pool or natural water.

不要把孩子留在水邊疏於照看，不管是游泳池還是天然水源。

Know about the dangerous undercurrents and waves that occur in fresh or sea water

瞭解淡水和海水中危險的暗流和海浪。

Avoid dangerous marine animals such as jellyfish and fire coral

避免碰到危險的海洋生物，比如水母和火珊瑚。

Know the depth of ice before walking on it

在冰面上走時要知道冰層的厚度。

Never swim alone.

永遠不要獨自游泳。

Learn CPR

學習心肺復甦。