英語動詞怎麼掌握
英語學習的過程中，對單詞的積累何語法的掌握一定要重視。下面是小編給大家分享的英語動詞掌握方法，大家可以作爲參考。
1.時態1)現在完成進行時態 (have/has been + -ing 分詞構成): 動作或狀態從過去某時開始,繼續到現在,可能繼續下去,也可能剛剛結束.I’ve been writing letters for an hour.I’ve been sitting in the garden.
2)過去完成進行時(由had been + ing分詞構成): 過去某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作I’d been working for some time when he called.We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
3)將來完成進行時: 將來某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作.By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
4)將來完成時(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構成): 將來某時會業已發生的事.I shall have finished this one before lunch.They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
2.語態1)可以有兩種被動結構的類型,例如:He was said to be jealous of her success.It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同時適用於上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示“估計”,“相信”等意義的動詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
擔當be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如:Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應該曉得速度限制)
2)雙賓語及賓補結構的被動語態a)雙賓語結構的被動語態: 雙賓語結構變爲被動語態時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變爲主語,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語後面,但多數是把間接賓語變爲主語.He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
b)賓補結構的被動語態:She was called Big Sister by everybody.Then he was made a squad leader.He was considered quite qualified for the job.The room was always kept clean and tidy.
3.短語動詞1)Vi + advThe plane took off two hours late.2)Vi + prepThey looked round the Cathedral.3)Vi + prep (有被動語態)She’s looking after her sister’s children.The children were always well looked after.4)Vi + adv + prepI began to look forward to their visits.5)Vt + O + advSome women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.The children were brought up by their mother.They took him on.6)Vt + adv + O (無被動語態)I am trying to give up smoking.7)Vt + O + prepWe talked Donald into agreement.
4.省略1)在以as, than, when, if, unless等引導的從句中的省略: 在有些狀語從句中,如果謂語包含有動詞be,主語又和主句的主語一致a),或者主語是it b),就常常可以把從句中的主語和謂語的一部分(特別是動詞be)省略掉.a)Look out for cars when crossing the street.When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.Fill in the application as instructed.Whenever known, such facts should be reported.The documents will be returned as soon as signed.He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.Once having made a promise, you should keep it.
b)If necessary I’ll have the letter duplicated.Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary.If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.
2)在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的從句中,常會有一些成分省略.a)He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary.We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.
b)They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.Their training is free, as is all education.We will, as always, stand on your side.
3)錯誤的省略 His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know. While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.
5.一致1)如果主語是單數,儘管後面跟有with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than等引導的短語,謂語動詞仍舊用單數形式.Terry, along with her friend, goes skating every Saturday.An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.The captain, as well as the coaches, was disappointed in the team.
2)代詞作主語時的一致a)each, either, neither和由some, any, no, every構成的複合代詞,都作單數看待.Each of us has something to say.Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.Neither of us has gone through regular training.Has either of them told you?
b)some, few, both, many 等作複數
c)some 可後接複數,也可接單數,表示某一.none作複數看待時較多,但也有時作單數看待,主要看說話人腦中聯繫想到的是複數還是單數概念, 但none 在代表不可數的東西時總是看作單數:None of the books are easy enough for usNone of us seem to have thought of it.None (= not a single one) of us has got a camera.None (= nobody) has felt it more keenly than she did.None of this worries me.
all 和most 可後接複數,也可接不可數名詞 (all of the…, most of the …), 動詞用單數.
3)由and 或 both… and 連接名詞詞組時, 後用複數; 由not only…but (also), either…or, neither…nor或 or 連接的並列主語, 謂語通常和最鄰近的主語一致.Not only the switches but also the old writing has been changed.My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.Either you or Mr Yang is to do the work.Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
如果一個句子是由there 或here引導, 而主語又不止一個, 謂語通常也和最鄰近的那個主語一致.There was carved in the board a dragon and a phoenix.Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
4)people, police, cattle, poultry (家禽), militia (民兵) 等通常都用作複數.Cattle are grazing on the pasture.The police are looking for him.
有些集體名詞有時作單數看待, 有時作複數看待, 主要根據意思來決定.His family isn’t very large.His family are all music lovers.
The committee meets twice a month.The committee are divided in opinion.
The audience was enormous.The audience were greatly moved at the words.
有些名詞單複數同形, 可根據意思決定謂語動詞的數:This new series is beginning next month.These new series are beginning next month.
This species is now extinct.These species are now extinct.
5)表示時間, 重量, 長度, 價值等的名詞, 儘管仍是複數形式, 如果作整體看待, 動詞也可用單數形式 (當然用複數動詞也是可以的):Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.One hundred li was covered in a single night.
6)其他問題a)書名, 國家名用單數:Tales from Shakespeare is a book by Charles Lamb.
b)學科名, 如mathematics, economics用單數.c)many a 或more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時, 謂語動詞多用單數形式:Many a person has had that kind of experience.More than one person has involved in the case.
a number of 後接複數, the number of後接單數:A number of books have been published on the subject.The number of books published on the subject is simply amazing.
d)one of those 後用單數. 在“one of + 複數名詞 +關係分句”結構中，關係分句中謂語動詞的單複數形式在一般情況下有兩形式，一是根據先行詞采用複數形式：Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.
當one 之前友the only 等限定詞和修飾語時，關係分句謂語動詞根據one 而定，即採用單數形式：He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.
英語動名詞的用法：
一、動名詞的簡介
動名詞既具有動詞的性質,又具有名詞的性質,因此叫動名詞。
1.動名詞的動詞性質表現在,它可以組成動名詞短語,如:
My job is arranging the agenda for my boss.
我的工作是爲老闆安排日程。
I finished the project in a month by working overtime.
我靠加班在一個月內做完了這個項目。
2.動名詞的名詞性質表現在,它可以在句中用作主語、賓語等,如:
Studying abroad can be a good experience.
留學是一種很好的經歷。(作主語)做主語
I regret telling her the truth.
我後悔告訴她事實真相了。(作賓語)
二、動名詞的形式和特徵
1.動名詞的主動形式:doing
2.動名詞的被動形式:being done
3.動名詞的複合結構:形容詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格/名詞/賓格人稱代詞+動名詞
She suggested us forgiving him.
她建議我們原諒他。(作賓語)
His not knowing English brought him a lot of inconvenience.
他不懂英語,這給他帶來許多麻煩。(作主語)
Our only worry is George's overestimating himself.
我們擔心的就是喬治高估了他自己。(作表語)
I strongly object to your delivering the speech.
我強烈反對你發表講話。(作介詞賓語)
三、動名詞的用法
1.動名詞作主語
Retelling stories is very useful.
複述故事是很有用的。
Her resigning surprises us.
她的辭職讓我們很驚訝。
在一些句子中,常用it作形式主語,將動名詞放在句子後面。
此類句型有:
It is + no use/no good/no fun/a great pleasure/a waste of time等名詞+doing sth.
It is no good crying.
哭沒有好處。
It is no use fixing.
修也沒有用。
It is great fun traveling.
旅行很有趣。
It is a waste of time playing computer games.
玩電腦遊戲是浪費時間。
It is + useless+ doing sth.
It is useless crying.
哭沒有用。
2.動名詞作表語
Seeing is believing.
百聞不如一見。
My idea is making a plan first.
我的想法是先做一個計劃出來。
3.動名詞作賓語
動名詞既可作動詞賓語也可作介詞賓語,如:
I haven't finished reading today's newspaper.
我還沒讀完今天的報紙。(動名詞reading作動詞finish的賓語)
I'm afraid of going to the dentist.
我害怕去看牙醫。(動名詞going作介詞of的賓語)
4.動名詞作定語
I would like to choose a house with a swimming pool.
我想選個帶游泳池的房子。
英語動詞語法點：
1、正確理解狀態動詞。
正確理解狀態動詞。因爲狀態是強調主語是什麼或怎麼樣。例如，Tom在房間裏，學生翻譯成：Tom in his room.這就說明沒有養成良好的學習習慣;
2、 熟練運用非行爲動詞。
動詞大致可分爲四類：系動詞、情態動詞、助動詞和行爲動詞。但是前三類動詞的用法可以說基本上雷同，所以完全可以歸爲一類。如果學生把非行爲動詞的用法熟記於心，那麼在閱讀和寫作中就會得心應手了。
3、熟記動詞句型。
所謂動詞句型，就是以動詞爲中心的短語，如want (sb.) to do sth, let sb. do sth, look forward to doing, Ittakes sb. some time to do sth.等。這樣的句型學生必須牢記。否則的話，做練習或考試時就很困難，書面表達中就無法寫出正確的句子來。
4、熟記短語動詞。
英語中短語動詞太多太多，只有日積月累，才能學有餘力。每天務必記住當天所學的短語動詞。只有這樣才能做好練習，應付測試，寫好作文，才能熟練地與他人進行交流溝通。
5、認真揣摩動作所發生的時間，運用相應的時態。
很多學生受漢語影響，不能從漢語句子的字面上去揣摩動作所發生的時間。
以上就是英語動詞學習方法的介紹，希望可以給大家學習帶來幫助。
