英語介詞用法大全
英語介詞中from的用法：此介詞表示“to”相反的方向；by：表示從旁經過或在……附近，eg. This is the nearest road by which they came等。
一、含義
介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞, 詞與句之間的關係的詞。在句中不能單獨作句字成分。介詞後面一般有名詞代詞或相當於名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語，表語，補語或介詞賓語。
二、分類
1.常用簡單介詞：
about, across, against, among, after, at, behind, besides, beyond, by, concerning, beneath, between, despite, except, during, down, for, from, past, than, under, until 等。
2.合成介詞：
inside, outside, onto, out of, within 等。
3.短語介詞：
according to, ahead of, along with, as for, because of, be means of, due to, in spite of, on behalf of, owing to, with regard to 等。
三、介詞與“……的”之關係
在英語學習中，一遇到“……的”，大家就會立刻想到’s 所有格或者of。實際上，在很多情況下，“……的”必須藉助於介詞才能準確表達。
● 美國的冬天→ the winter in America
● 停車場的入口→ the entrance to the parking lot
● 穿過森林的小路→ the path through the forest
● 魯迅的著作→ the works by Lu Xun
● 水中的月亮→ the moon reflected in water
● 歷史的見證→ the witness to history
● 對愛的渴望→ a longing for love
● 對我們不利的證據→ the evidence against us
● 陽光下的漫步→ a walk in the sunlight
● 追求名譽的女人→ a lady after fame
● 兩人之間的爭論→ an argument between the two persons
四、重要介詞的重要用法
(1)from：此介詞表示“to”相反的方向。
He came from London.
He went to London.
二詞常搭配使用“from... to...”
We studied English from morning to afternoon.
He'll start from Beijing to Shanghai.
經典用法：
● 由於→ The girl is trembling from fear.
● 免除→ Tramps are always free from care. 流浪漢們總是無憂無慮。
● 分開→ The couple parted from each other at the airport.
● 由……製成→ The red wine is made from grapes. 紅葡萄酒是由葡萄製成的。
由from引導的慣用法：
from far 從遠處
from now / then on 從現在/那時起
from bad to worse 每況愈下
from time to time(occasionally 時而)
習語：
She comes to visit me from time to time.
(2)out of：表示與"into"相反的語意。
He will be out of town.
I stepped out of the dark room.
out of+ 名詞 (= lack, to be without 用完，用光)
He went to the shop because he was out of paper.
out of date (= old-fashioned 過時的)
The book has been out of date.
out of work (= jobless 失業的)
He needs money because be is out of work.
out of the question (= impossible 不可能的)
Finishing the hard work is out of the question.
out of question (= doubtless 毫無疑問的)
That he can do it well is out of question.
out of order(= not functioning 失靈的)
Her radio is out of order, so she can't listen to it.
(3)by：表示從旁經過或在……附近。
He passed by me without saying hello.
He lives by the sea.
經典用法：
● 通過→This is the nearest road by which they came.
● 在……時候→The young man works by day and steals money by night.
● 由……所生→He has two sons by her second wife.
● 抓住→She caught her child by his coat in the flood.
● 按……計算→The farmers sell their apples by the pound.
● 就(氣質，特徵)而言→He is an artist by temperament(氣質).
用於被動語意，導出動作執行者：
The glass was broken by the boy.
by + 具體時間：
They usually have dinner by 8 o'clock.
by + 交通工具 (bus, train, plan...)：
He travelled to Paris by air/plane.
by the end of + 時間名詞：到……末爲止
By the end of last year, they had learnt 100 texts.
By the end of this term, they will have learnt 100 texts.
by then：到那時
He will graduate in 1999, by then he will leave Beijing.
by way of (= via)：經由，取道
They are going to the United States by way of Hong Kong.
by the way：順便問
By the way, do you know where Mr. Li has gone?
by far：……得多(用於修飾比較級和*高級)
The book is by far the best on the subject.
by accident：不小心，與on purpose(故意地)語意相反
The wrong information was put into the computer by accident.
1．In用於室內或室外的場所。
in a room / in a building
在房間/大樓裏
in a garden / in a park
在花園/公園裏
I have two TVs in my house.
我房子裏有兩個電視。
They live in that building over there.
他們住在那棟樓裏。
與水域進行搭配
in the water
在水裏
in the sea
在海里
in a river
在河裏
I like swimming in lakes when the weather is hot.
我喜歡天氣熱時在湖裏游泳。
You can catch fish in the river.
你可以在湖裏捉魚。
和行、隊伍等進行搭配
in a row / in a line
一行
in a queue
一隊
Let's stand in line and get a ticket to the concert.
站成一行，買票去聽音樂會。
We had to wait in a queue to get into the bank.
我們只得站成一隊等着進入公園。
d. in與城市、縣、州、地區和國家搭配
Peter lives in Chicago.
皮特住在芝加哥。
Helen is in France this month. Next month she'll be in Germany.
海倫這個月在法國。下個月她就在德國了。
與具體的地點進行搭配
at the bus-stop
在公交車站
at the door
在門邊
at the cinema
在電影院
at the end of the street
在街的盡頭
I'll meet you at the movie theater at six o'clock.
我六點在電影院見你。
He lives in the house at the end of the street.
他住在街尾那間房子裏。
b. at與頁面位置進行搭配
The name of the chapter is at the top of the page.
本章名字在書頁上端。
The page number can be found at the bottom of the page.
書頁底部可以看到頁碼。
c. at與一羣人進行搭配
at the back of the class
在教室後排
at the front of the class
在教室前排
Tim sits at the back of the class.
蒂姆坐在教室後排。
Please come and sit down at the front of the class.
請過來，坐在教室前排。
與物體表面進行搭配
on the ceiling / on the wall / on the floor
天花板/牆/地板上
on the table
桌子上
I put the magazine on the table.
我把雜誌放在桌子上。
That's a beautiful painting on the wall.
牆上的畫很漂亮。
b. on與小島進行搭配
I stayed on Maui last year. It was great!
去年我去了毛伊島。那兒真是太棒了！
We visited friends who live on an island in the Bahamas.
我們拜訪了住在巴哈馬羣島的朋友們。
c. on與方向進行搭配
on the left
左邊
on the right
右邊
straight on
往前直走
Take the first street on the left and continue to the end of the road.
在第一條街左轉，然後繼續走到路的盡頭。
Drive straight on until you come to a gate.
一直往前開，知道看見一扇門。
重要建議
/ at / on the corner
在角落
我們會說in the corner of a room，at the corner （或on the corner）of a street。
I put the chair in the corner of the bedroom of the house on the corner of 52nd Street.
我把椅子放在52號街房子的臥室角落處。
I live at the corner of 2nd Avenue.
我住在二號大街的拐角處。
/ at / on the front
在前面
我們會說in the front / in the back of a car（車子前方/後方）
I get to sit in the front Dad!
我要坐在爸爸前面！
You can lay down and sleep in the back of the car.
你可以躺下來，在車後面睡一下。
我們會說at the front / at the back of buildings / groups of people（在建築物/一羣人前面/後面）
The entrance door is at the front of the building.
入口在建築物前方。
我們會說on the front / on the back of a piece of paper（紙張正面/背面）
Write your name on the front of the paper.
把你的名字寫在紙張正面。
You'll find the grade on the back of the page.
你會在紙張背面看到分數。
使用into來表示從一個地方到另一個地方的移動。
I drove into the garage and parked the car.
我把車開進車庫，並停好。
Peter walked into the living room and turned on the TV.
皮特走進臥室，打開電視。
使用onto來表示某人將某物放在物體表面。
He put the magazines onto the table.
他把雜誌放在桌子上。
Alice put the plates onto the shelf in the cupboard.
愛麗絲把碗放在碗櫃的架子上。
of
當表示將某物拉出來或者離開房間時，可以使用out of。
I took the clothes out of the washer.
我把衣服從洗衣機裏拿出來。
He drove out of the garage.
他把車從車庫開出來。
練習題
做練習，檢測自己的掌握水平。然後覈對下面的答案。
1. My friend now lives _____ Arizona.
（我的朋友住在亞利桑那州。）
2. Go down the street and take the first street _____ the right.
（沿着這條街走，在第一條街向右轉。）
3. That's a beautiful pictures _____ the wall.
（牆上的畫很漂亮。）
4. My friend lives _____ the island of Sardinia.
（我朋友住在撒丁區的一個島上。）
5. He's the man _____ the front the room.
（他就是站在房間前面的那個人。）
6. He drove the car _____ the garage.
（他把車開進車庫。）
7. I'll meet you _____ the shopping mall.
（我在購物中心見你。）
8. I like to sit _____ the back of the room.
（我想坐在房間後排。）
9. Tom went swimming _____ the lake.
（湯姆在湖裏游泳。）
10. Let's stand _____ the line to see the movie.
（站成一排去看電影。）
答案
1. in
2. on
3. on
4. on
5. at
6. into / out of
7. at
8. in
9. in
10. in
