詞彙精選：sanction的用法和辨析
一、詳細釋義：
n.
【正】制裁
例句：
Western nations imposed tough sanctions on the country.
西方各國對這個國家實行了嚴厲制裁。
例句：
A government, on the contrary, always has a sanction, expressed or implied.
相反, 一個政府永遠具有制裁, 不管是明定的或暗示性的。
【正】批准，認可 [U]
例句：
There is no sanction for autocracy.
沒有人贊成獨裁統治。
例句：
The book was translated without the sanction of the author.
這本書未經作者許可就給翻譯了。
【正】約束力
例句：
In certain societies shame was the only sanction against wrongdoing.
在某些社會中，羞恥曾是做壞事的唯一約束力。
例句：
In Chinese society shame operates as the principal sanction.
在中國的社會，羞恥心在道義上具有一種壓倒一切的約束力。
v.
實施懲罰；實施制裁 [T]
例句：
Not everything that falls under this heading is a sanctioned prohibition.
並非歸入這個標題下的每一條都要受制裁受處罰。
批准；認可 [T]
例句：
The church would not sanction the king's second marriage.
教會不會批准國王第二次結婚。
例句：
Slavery was once socially sanctioned.
奴隸制曾經爲社會所認可。
二、詞義辨析：
approve,confirm,sanction
這些動詞均有“批准”之意。approve普通用詞，常指正式的或官方的批准。confirm強調按法律程序提請確認或批准。sanction語氣最強，多指官方的同意或批准，是書面用詞。
三、相關短語：
pragmatic sanction
n. 國事詔書
四、參考例句：
He deserved the legal sanction.
他活該收到法律的制裁。
Official sanction has not yet been given.
尚未獲得正式批准。
There is no sanction for autocracy.
沒有人贊成獨裁統治。
Our proposal is given official sanction.
我們的提案得到正式批准。
The Bishop refused to sanction racial discrimination.
主教拒絕承認種族歧視。
The book was translated without the sanction of the author.
這本書未經作者許可就給翻譯了。
Prison is the best sanction against a crime like this.
爲遏止這類罪行，監禁手段是上策。
We received sanction to proceed with our plans.
我們獲准繼續進行我們的計劃。
The church would not sanction the king's second marriage.
教會不會批准國王第二次結婚。
The church would not sanction his second marriage.
教會不會認可他的第二次婚姻。
