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高考完成句子解題策略

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高考完成句子解題策略如下

一.命題思路與特點

根據《補充說明》,本題“共10小題,每小題1.5分。每題在一句話中留出空白,要求考生根據括號內的漢語提示,用句末括號內的英語單詞完成句子。本節測試的重點爲英語語言知識的綜合運用。” 再看2007年高考題:

31. They sat together around the table, with ________(門關着). ( shut )

32. I haven’t the slightest idea ________(他正在說什麼). ( talk )

33. The fact ________(他失敗了數次)makes him very upset. ( he, fail )

34. Last night, John was answering the letters that ______(寄給他的)during the past two weeks. ( arrive )

35. He believes that children ________(應允許……學習)at their own pace. ( allow )

36. She has an excellent _______(對名字的記憶力), which helps her quite a lot in her work. (memory)

37. ______(他是否出過國) doesn’t make much difference. ( he, abroad )

38. The factory’s output of cars this year is _______(大約是去年的三倍) . ( as, great )

39. Not only _______(要幫助) the disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for those who need it. ( give )

40. It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he ___(可能參與) in planning the monument, or in helping transport and pull up the stones. ( hand )

(參考答案)

door shut 或doors shut 或the doors shut

32. (of) what he’s talking about

33. that he has failed (for) several times

34. had arrived for him

35. should (ought to /must) be allowed to learn(study)

36. memory for names

37. Whether he has been abroad or not

38. about three times as great as that of last year

39. will help be given to

40. may (might/could) have had a hand

題型表述和高考題來看,該題型題幹由三部分組成,分別是英語句子、漢語提示和英語單詞提示。首先,該題通過英語句子提供一定的語境,在時態、語態及結構等方面給予暗示,再由具體的漢語提示進一步提供英語表達的時態、語態、形式、結構、搭配等方面的暗示,而英語單詞的暗示作用主要體現在詞的搭配上。這三部分渾然一體,相互補充與限制,確保了答案的唯一性和客觀性。

研讀本高考題不難看出,該題型重在考查在理解具體語境的前提下綜合運用語法基礎知識來解決實際問題的能力。10題中有5題涉及到詞的搭配(34題、35題、36題、39題和40題),有9題承載着語法考查的目的,如:非謂語動詞(with的複合結構)有1題(31題)、時態5題(32題、33題、34題、37題和 39題)、被動語態2題(35題和39題)、情態動詞2題(35題和40題)、形容詞的比較狀語從句1題(38題)、名詞性從句3題(32題、33題和37題)、代詞that的指代用法(38題)、倒裝用法1題 (39題)。綜上所述,該題型有四個方面的特點:①從語用平面(主題)講:該題通過英語句子和漢語提示提供完整的語言環境,主題鮮明。②從句法平面講:該題重在在理解具體語境的前提下,通過翻譯填空形式考查語法知識的綜合運用。具有較強的基礎性。③從語義平面(上下文的邏輯關係)講,該題由於已提供完整的語言環境,故空白前後的邏輯關係非常明確。另外,該題屬於翻譯填空題。按理:主觀性較強,答案不唯一,不好操作。但爲確保答案的唯一性,該題型所提供的單詞可以是一個以上並且翻譯時不能改變所提供單詞的詞性。通過1-2個單詞的補充與限制,該題的可操作性加強。

二.解題思路與技巧

根據2007年湖北高考題命題思路與特點,筆者認爲應從下列幾個方面進行解題

1. 根據括號內英、漢信息提示,形成初步解題思路。

如:31. 門關着 (the) door(s) is/was shut

32. 他正在說什麼 what is/was he talking about? 或what he is/was talking about

33. 他失敗了數次he has failed for several times

34. 寄給他的 (something) that arrived for him

35. 應允許……學習should/ought to/must allow sb. to learn/study或sb. should/ought to/must be allowed to learn/study

36. 對名字的記憶力has/have a memory for names

37. 他是否出過國whether/if he has been abroad (or not)

38. 大約是去年的三倍is/are about three times as great as that of last year

39. 要幫助will give help或will help be given或help will be given

40. 可能參與may/might/could have had a hand in或may/could have a hand in

2.明晰句子結構,理清思路,確定正確答案

根據句子語景或空白前後的詞的相關搭配或用法,確定時態、語態、語氣、主謂一致、短語(非謂語動詞形式及其時態、語態)或從句(句序與連接詞的選擇)、倒裝、詞的增減等

⑴時態

如:32.主句I haven’t the slightest idea顯示爲一般現在時,所以該從句應爲現在進行時is talking about

33.主句動詞makes說明該從句爲現在成時has failed

34.主句句意John was answering the letters說明該從句爲過去完成時(something) that had arrived for him

37.主句動詞doesn’t make說明該從句爲現在完成時whether/if he has been abroad (or not)

39.not only…but also連接並列分句時,分句時態一般一致。but also分句用will,所以not only分句也用will

⑵語態

如:35.該題空前有主語children,所以該空填被動語態be allowed to learn

39.該題空前無主語,空後是人the disabled,所以該題須用help作主語,用被動表達will help be given或help will be given

⑶語氣

如:40.根據句意,該空動作應表示對過去情況的推測語氣,所以要用情態動詞+不定式的完成式may/might/could have had a hand in

又如: I _________(應該)him about the matter, but I was too busy and forgot it . ( tell )

該題根據but分句句意,可以看出事實上(當時)我並沒有告訴他,故應爲虛擬語氣should have told

⑷非謂語動詞形式及其時態、語態

如:31.該題空前有with, with前又有逗號,所以該題考查with複合結構的用法,“門”與“關”是被動關係,故用過去分詞形式shut表被動。

再如: When she heard her mother’s steps on the stairs, she pretended________ (在寫) her composition. (write)

本題空前有謂語動詞pretended, 根據常用句型pretend to do 或pretend that-clause,故可用不定式的進行式 to be writing

⑸從句句序及連接詞的選擇

如:32.根據句意或句型結構have no idea (of ),該空應爲同位語從句或介詞of的賓語從句,疑問詞what提前,後面用陳述句句序,即:what he is talking about

33.該題主語爲the fact,其後應爲同位語從句,該空沒有疑問句意,所以不用任何疑問詞而用連接詞that連接主從句,即:that he has failed for several times

37.根據句子結構,該空應爲主語從句,位於句首,所以用whether而不用if 表示“是否”,即: whether he has been abroad or not

再如: (政府將怎樣處理這些舊房子)is still unknown. (do )

本題要求用所給單詞do表示“處理”,一般用do with,而與do with搭配的疑問詞是what而不是how,故用what而不用how表示“怎樣”,即:What the government will do with the old houses

⑹倒裝

如:39. not only…but also連接並列分句,not only位於句首時,該分句用部分倒裝will help be given

⑺詞的增減

根據句意及空前後的詞,補充或刪減答案中的相關單詞。

如:32.talk後須加上about, 表談論

34.空前有定語從句主語that及其先行詞the letters,故只需填had arrived for him

36.空前有has an excellent, 所以只需memory for names

38.空前有is, 所以不要is

39.空後只有賓語the disabled, 沒有to, 所以要帶上to

40.空後有介詞in, 故去掉介詞in

⑻主謂一致

如: All the students ____(渴望)admission to a key university. (desperate )

本題主語是複數,故謂語動詞也用複數are, 答案爲are desperate for

又如:E-mail, as well as phone calls, _________(正起重要作用)daily communication. ( play )

根據句子結構,該題主語爲單數,故謂語動詞也應爲單數。即:is playing an important part in

另外,還有介詞短語搭配、名詞的單複數、冠詞、大小寫等情況也需要考慮,這裏就不一一贅述了.

當然,“巧婦難爲無米之炊”,再高超的解題技巧,沒有紮實的基礎知識(詞彙知識,語法知識)、正確規範的書寫,也是難得高分的