你所不知道的"碗裝方便麵文化"
Ask about the foods that have conquered the world and you're likely to hear about Coca-Cola and McDonald's Big Macs. But think again, because the most successful industrial food ever produced flies far under the radar — it's cup noodles.
當被問及哪種食品征服了世界時，你很可能會聽人說出可口可樂和麥當勞巨無霸這樣的答案。但仔細想想，要說目前為止影響最廣泛的、也最低調的食品非碗裝方便麵莫屬。
A new book, The Noodle Narratives, written by three US anthropologists 55 years after the birth of instant noodles in Japan, reveals that there were more than 100 billion servings of instant noodles worldwide in 2012 — that's about 14 servings for every single person on Earth. As for noodles themselves, they emerged more than 2,000 years ago to become a worldwide staple.
在方便麵於日本誕生55年之後，美國的3位人類學家撰寫了一本名為《麵條的故事》的書。書中指出，2012年全球方便麵銷量突破千億大關，相當於，全球人均消費14包左右。麵條起源於兩千多年前，如今已成為全球人的主食。
Given the fact that many instant noodles are MSG-enhanced junk food, not to mention the health risks associated with the paper cartons they're served in, let's talk about these strands of dough in terms of a culture you may not know.
鑑於許多方便麵都是含有大量味精的垃圾食品，更不用說其包裝紙的健康隱患問題了，下面我們就來談談一些你可能有所不知的麵條文化吧！
Earliest noodles?
麵條始祖 The oldest historical mention of noodles according to Jen Lin-Liu, a columnist for The New York Times and author of the book On the Noodle Road: From Beijing to Rome, with Love and Pasta, appears in a dictionary from the third century AD in China. The earliest Chinese noodles, however, did not appear in strands as they do today. They were little pieces of bread dough thrown into a wok of boiling water. These kind of noodles, called mianpian, are still eaten in China.
《紐約時報》專欄作家、《麵條之路：北京到羅馬，愛與意麵同在》一書的作者林留清怡表示，公元三世紀的中國，歷史上第一次提到麵條，出自一本字典。然而，最早的中式麵條與如今的形狀截然不同。那時的麵條是扔進鍋中用沸水煮的小面片。這種麵條叫面片，目前在中國人們還在食用。
Another early mention of noodles has been traced back to the fifth century AD in Jerusalem, when they were referred to as itrium. Several centuries later, a string-like pasta called itrium, made of semolina and dried before cooking, was described by Syrian physicians.
另一個早期提到麵條的地方可以追溯回公元五世紀的耶路撒冷，當時這種面被稱作“itrium”。幾個世紀以後，一位敘利亞醫師描述道：一種由粗麵粉做的串狀麵食也被稱作itrium，這種麵條在烹調之前需要晒乾。
Of course, these documented mentions of noodles only came after noodles had already been developed — and unlike other inventions, like the telephone for example, it's rather difficult to pinpoint exactly when and where noodles came from, given that they relied on the innovation of cooks.
當然，這些提到麵條的文獻要滯後於麵條真正誕生的時間。與電話等發明不同，由於麵條的發展依賴於廚藝創新，所以很難準確指出麵條發明在何時何地。
‘Humanitarian food'
人道主義食品 Invented by Momofuku Ando in Japan in 1958, few people know that instant noodles play an important role in hunger and disaster relief. While not exactly nutritious, instant noodles are a “hunger killer”, as US anthropologist Sidney Mintz would say.
方便麵誕生於1958年，由日本人安騰百福發明，很少有人知道它在賑饑與救災方面發揮著多麼重要的作用。正如美國人類學家悉尼?明茨所說的那樣，方便麵雖然沒什麼營養，卻能“遏制飢餓”。
According to the NPR, a US-based online news outlet, the fat in instant noodles, which are made with wheat flour fried in palm oil, combined with the soup, keeps one feeling full for longer. And that helps explain why ramen, as they are called in Japanese, have become a staple in the world's humanitarian food aid packages.
美國網路新聞媒體——美國國家公共電臺NPR報道稱，方便麵由麵粉經棕櫚油炸制而成，它的油脂再加上湯，容易讓人有持久的飽腹感。這就不難理解，為何拉麵（日本人稱其為“ramen”）能夠成為世界人道主義食品援助中的主食了。
