雅思寫作理由構思方式

在雅思寫作的考場上，很多考生會出現很難想出合適的觀點，覺得無話可說，極其痛苦，有時甚至“Cannot reach the word number”(達不到考試的字數要求)。針對這種現象，本站將從以下幾個角度，和大家分享一下雅思寫作的常見構思方法，希望有所幫助。

雅思寫作理由構思方式

最常用的方法：根據題目中關鍵詞列出提綱，依據提綱思考出相應的理由。

以2014年2月15日雅思寫作真題爲例：

Some people think success of life is based on hard work and determination, but others think there are more important factors, like money and personal appearance. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

烤鴨們可以從題目中的success of life, 仔細想想這樣的生活包含的方面。

? Success of life:

a well-paid professional job and an affluent materialistic life style, make great contributions to society, have access to high reputation (be appreciated and valued), have happy and harmonious family, maintain optimistic mood (keep the spirit of perseverance), be healthy physically and mentally

它們又與hard work and determination有什麼關係呢?

? Hard work:

a well-paid professional job and an affluent materialistic lifestyle;

make great contributions to society;

have access to high reputation (be appreciated and valued);

? Determination:

have happy and harmonious family;

maintain optimistic mood (keep the spirit of perseverance);

he healthy physically and mentally;

同樣的道理分析另一個觀點：成功的生活還需要別的要素，諸如金錢和個人形象。

事實上這個觀點考生還是可以很快就有素材的：

? Money:

satisfy people’s needs: regular tourism, enjoy entertainment, eat nutritional food, success of life

? Personal appearance:

烤鴨們可以列舉一些自己熟知的名人或偶像，依據外在的形象獲得成功生活的人，比如Facebook CEO, 巴西球星內馬爾，阿根廷球星梅西等。

針對這道題目，提綱先列到這裏，烤鴨們可以依據自己的遣詞造句的技藝書寫出很漂亮的文章。

下面再介紹幾種考生們在考場上能夠靈活運用的議論文思路拓展方式：

從人的要素出發，凡事以人爲本，因此那些能爲人們帶來益處的事物總是我們所推崇的，而那些不利於人們的事物則應該爲我們所摒棄。

1. 人的健康Health

? Physical health

? Psychological development (stress/pressure/too much frustration)

請看下面這道考題：

2014年5月15日雅思寫作真題：

Employers should give their staff at least a 4-week holiday a year to make employees better at their jobs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

那麼這道題目烤鴨們在立意時就可以從這個層面上去努力。寫作思路是：

Agree:

1). Be beneficial to employees themselves in their fitness level

2). Be conducive to their mental health

3). Workplaces are the biggest beneficiaries

可以看出，在這道題目中，關於人的健康就爲烤鴨們提供了2個段落的構思。

2. 人的教育 Education

? Academic success

? General knowledge

? Career achievement

教育的宗旨是傳播和創造知識，Education is aimed to spread and create knowledge, 教育同時可以培養一個人的人品和人格shape personality。

請看下面這道考題：

2014年3月8日雅思寫作真題：

Some people say that all young people should be required to stay in full-time education until they are at least 18 years old. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

具體的思路就可以沿用上面的思路：

Agree:

1). 培養一個人的人品和人格

2). Shape personality

3). Career achievement

3. 人與家庭 Family

? Generation gaps:

communication between adolescents and adults is very limited;

we cannot eliminate the generation gaps, but should bridge over them.

? Husband & Wife / Parents

請看下面這道考題：

2014年5月10日雅思寫作真題：

In many countries nowadays, more and more women have full-time jobs as men, it is logical that men and women should share the household responsibility equally. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

基本思路是：

Agree:

1). Communication (Husband & Wife )

2). Husband’s accountability

3). Be beneficial to children’s sound development

朗閣雅思培訓中心的老師要提醒考生們的是：在分析這道題目時最好與筆者在文章開始時介紹的那個辦法相結合，也就是要打開題目中的關鍵字眼：share the household responsibility (look after the kids, the old, cooking, washing, watering the flowers, children’s education, ……)

4. 人與人之間 Relationships

? 普通人common people

? 某一類人kids, adolescents, young adults, adults, old age

最靈活的寫法是可以從具體的人people who …, 人的需要demands找切入點，人的需求people’s desires (understanding and confidence between people and friendships), 還有民主Democracy, 民主的社會應該使公民的人權human rights得到保證，並做到對每個個體有同等的待遇。

請看下面這道考題：

2014年4月26日雅思寫作真題：

People can work or study on the internet without going to school or company. Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?

More disadvantages than benefits:

Benefit 1: 從人的需要demands找切入點，人的需求people’s desires

Drawback 1: understanding and confidence between people and friendships

Drawback 2: 這個思路可能不在上面列出的內容裏(online education degree is unlikely to be accepted by companies)

雅思技巧：大作文主體部分如何構思

要達到這樣的要求，可以從以下兩點出發：

方法一 多學習一些出色的範文，看一下他人是如何看待這一問題的，他們是如何表達自己的觀點的，他們又是如何來支持自己的觀點的，以及他們的寫法有河借鑑之處。

方法二 多關心一下時事新聞，特別是要看一些英語新聞和報道，從中可瞭解世界的動態，最新的時事見解以及對時事的透徹分析，這些內容都有助於我們建立自己的觀點和拓展我們的思路。

在引言段確立了自己的觀點之後，最主要的任務就是進行一個“brainstorming”,顧名思義，就是我們應儘量地想出一些與主體段落中每個小段相關的想法，來爲主體段落的寫作作好準備。

先舉例如下：

Many people believe that women make better parents than men and that this is why they have greater role in raising children in most societies. Others claim that men are just as good as women at parenting.

Write an essay expressing your point of view. Give reasons for your answer.

這是我們在構思時分析的一道題目，如前所述，主體段落分成兩個小段：

Main body:

A women’s advantages and disadvantages of raising children

B men’s advantages and disadvantages of raising children

下面我們就來進行brainstorm，爲它們找一些具體的論據：

A women’s advantages and disadvantages of raising children

1 women have more understanding of children’s needs.

2 women can be more patient with young children.

3 women can devote more time and energy to children.

4 women tend to indulge their children and spoil them.

B men’s advantages and disadvantages of raising children

1 men can teach young children to be more creative.

2 men often tell young children to be independent.

3 men raise children by making them brave and decisive.

4 men sometimes lose patience with children.

雅思技巧：三種雅思寫作體裁介紹

三三式寫法：

總體三大塊，論述部分有三大塊。主要使用於單方面觀點的議論文，就是中心思想明顯的文章。

開頭段：引題+己方觀點+轉乘下文

論述段：理由段1： 主題句+支持句(說理、假設、舉例…)

理由段2： 主題句+支持句(說理、假設、舉例…)

理由段3： 讓步段 反方的優點+反方的侷限性和片面性+轉乘(回到己方觀點)

結尾段：重申己方觀點，總結主題句。

對稱式寫法：

分別從某事物的正反兩方面討論論證，適用於討論類的作文。

先寫不贊成的觀點，再寫贊成的觀點。最後在表態時說明自己的立場，加大一些篇幅。要從視覺效果上突出自己贊成的觀點。

在闡述自己不贊成觀點時，不妨使用一些表模糊、不確定的詞：may seem perhaps maybe probably be possible/likely/unlikely to do might it is said…

雅思寫作輔導課程中會教大家一些實用的寫作方法與技巧，建議大家能夠重視這些，還要合理利用雅思寫作機經。

反證式寫法：

把自己的觀點建立在對反方觀點的批駁之上的寫作手法，只能用於有兩個選擇的題目，尤其適合於反方缺點顯而易見，而正方優點難於表現的題目。

第一段：引題，亮出自己的觀點，並引出下文。

第二段：反方觀點的第一個缺陷。

第三段：反方觀點的第二個缺陷。

第四段：己方觀點的最大優點，最好還是針對反方觀點缺點而言。

第五段：結尾，回顧上文，重申觀點。

雅思技巧：雅思寫作考試如何短小精煉

建議一：避免空洞的單詞和詞組

1.一些空洞的單詞或詞組根本不能爲句子帶來任何相關或重要的信息，完全可以刪掉。

比如：When all things are considered, young adults of today live more satisfying lives than those of their parents, in my opinion.

這句話當中的“when all things are considered”和“in my opinion“都顯得多餘。完全可以去掉。改爲：

Young adults of today live more satisfying lives than their parents.

2.有些空洞和繁瑣的表達方式可以進行替換。

例如：Due to the fact that our grandparents were under an obligation to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have at this point in time.

“due to the fact that”就是一個很典型的繁瑣的表達方式的例子，可以替換，簡化爲下面的表達方式：

Because our grandparents were obligated to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have now.

建議二：避免重複

1.儘量避免重複使用同樣的詞彙。或者有的時候雖然詞彙沒有重複，但意思卻有重複。這時候可以做一些簡化的工作。

例如下面這個例子：The farm my grandfather grew up on was large in size.

large對一個farm來說就是size方面的large，所以in size可以去掉，改爲：

The farm my grandfather grew up on was large.

更簡潔的表達方式爲：

My grandfather grew up on a large farm.

2.有時一個詞組可以用一個更簡單的單詞來替換。

例如：My grandfather has said over and over again that he had to work on his parents' farm.

這裏的over and over again就可以改爲repeatedly，顯得更爲簡潔：

My grandfather has said repeatedly that he had to work on his parents' farm.

建議三：選擇最恰當的語法結構

選擇合適的語法結構可以使句子意思的表達更爲精確和簡練。雖然語法的多樣性也很重要，但選擇最恰當的語法結構仍然是更爲重要的考慮因素。以下原則是在考慮選擇何種語法結構時可以參考的原則：

1.一個句子的主語和謂語動詞應該能夠反映句子中的最重要的意思。

例如：The situation that resulted in my grandfather's not being able to study engineering was that his father needed help on the farm.

從意思上來分析，上面這句話需要表達的重要的概念是“grandfather's not being able to study”，而在表達這個概念時，原句用的主語是situation，謂語動詞是was，不能強調需要表達的重點概念，可以改爲下面這句話：

My grandfather couldn't study engineering because his father needed help on the farm.

2.避免頻繁使用“there be”結構。

例如下面的句子：There were 25 cows on the farm that my grandfather had to milk every day. It was hard work for my grandfather.

可以改爲：

My grandfather worked hard. He had to milk 25 cows on the farm every day.

更簡潔的句式爲：

My grandfather worked hard milking 25 cows daily.

3.把從句改爲短語或單詞。

例如：Dairy cows were raised on the farm, which was located100 kilometers from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote.

簡介的表達方式爲：

The dairy farm was located in a remote area, 100 kilometers to the nearest university.

4.僅在需要強調賓語而不是主語的時候，才使用被動語態。

例如：In the fall, not only did the cows have to be milked, but also the hay was mowed and stacked by my grandfather's family.

本句不夠簡潔的原因是本句的重心應該是“忙碌的家庭-my grandfather's family”，而使用了被動語態後，彷佛重心變成了cows和hay。下面的表達方式是主動語態，相對來說更簡潔一些：

In the fall, my grandfather's family not only milked the cow but also mowed and stacked the hay.

5.用更爲精確的一個動詞來代替動詞短語。

例如：My grandfather didn't have time to stand around doing nothing with his school friends.

Stand around doing nothing其實可以用一個動詞來表達，即loiter：

My grandfather didn't have time to loiter with his school friends.

6.有時兩句話的信息經過組合完全可以用一句話來簡練地表達。

例如：Profits from the farm were not large. Sometimes they were too small to meet the expenses of running a farm. They were not sufficient to pay for a university degree.

兩句話的信息可以合併爲下面這句更爲簡潔的句子：

Profits from the farm were sometimes too small to meet operational expenses, let alone pay for a university degree.