2018年6月10日託福口語練習
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2018年6月10日託福獨立口語小範圍練習題目
6月10日考情回顧：
Task 1: Your school decides to use electronic newspapers instead of paper ones. Talk about the advantage and disadvantage of this decision.
Task 2: Some teachers prefer to answer students’ questions while they are delivering a lecture. Some teachers prefer to answer their questions when the lecture is over. Which one do you prefer? Why?
TASK 1
1. What activity do you think can cultivate children's sense of responsibility?
2. Which one of the following do you think is the most important quality for an entrepreneur?
outgoing
clear-minded
innovative
3. Which of the following do you think is the best way to know a new school: joining a one-day campus tour, spending a weekend on the campus play field, or auditing lectures?
4. Your university will sponsor one of the following activities for students, an outdoor camping night, a music festival for students to experience the local culture or a computer game competition in the dormitory. Which one do you think it's the best to establish new friendship and solidarity among students and why? Please include details and examples in your explanation.
5. Which one of the following should a city invest? 1) transportation; 2) park; 3) school.
6. The university decides to remodel the dormitory and add a new space to it. Which space do you recommend to add in your dormitory?
Café
Study room
Game room
7. The university currently requires all the students to take the physical education course to get graduate. Which of the following choices will you choose?
A, soccer
B, dancing
8. If your friend is going to an important interview, what suggestions would you give him?
9. Final is coming, and your friend often oversleeps and misses the class. Will you help your friend to study while you also have a lot of exams?
10. Describe a common mistake that experienced teacher often make.
11. Talk about how your study habits differ from others.
12. Describe a job you admired but you will NOT choose it yourself.
13. Which of the following three would you choose to do in summer vacation? Working as a librarian, painter in an art center, or life guard in the natatorium?
14. Your friend is going to take a part-time job in college. Please describe the advantages and disadvantages of doing a part-time.
15. Which of the following classes is the most attractive to students?
Sound engineering
History of rock music
Film studies
16. If the school doesn’t allow students to take cellphones with them when they come to school, what would be the influence of this policy?
17. What should we do to help the elder in our community?
18. Which one do you think is more important? The process of doing something or the result at the end?
19. Which kind of roommate do you prefer: a roommate from a foreign country or a roommate from your own country?
20. Some students would prefer to live with roommates. Others would prefer to live alone. Which opinion would you prefer and why?
TASK 2
1. Some parents think they should protect students from making mistakes. Some think they should let them make mistakes. What do you think?
2. Some people like to make decisions based on their own experience; while other people prefer to ask others for help such as family and friends. Which do you prefer and why?
3. When giving feedbacks to students, some teachers would like to talk to their students in person; while some teachers would give written comments to students. Which do you prefer and why?
4. Do you think students should be required to study certain fields or to study whatever that interests them?
5. Do you agree or disagree that students would learn more if the teachers assign them with more schoolwork?
6. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? With the popularity of the technology that focuses on entertainment, people read fewer books than before.
7. Many people prefer to read books in electronic format on a computer screen or other devices. Some other people prefer to read books on paper printed copies. Which way do you prefer? Why?
8. Some people think that with the development of technology and Internet, libraries will disappear; while others think libraries are always necessary. Which one do you agree? Please give specific details to support your opinion.
9. Which one do you prefer? Review your notes after class and keep doing this throughout the whole semester or just review at the end of the semester?
10. Some people think it's better to take classes in the daytime and have a part-time job in the evening, some people prefer to have a part-time job in the daytime and take classes in the evening. Which do you think is better? Use specific details and examples to explain your answer.
11. Many people think that students study course materials more effectively by taking exams; while others think that students learn more effective through doing other activities such as writing paper or completing projects. Which do you think is more effective for students to learn?
12. Some people believe that we should not discuss about the private activities of the popular people, like movie stars and singers. Do you agree? Why?
13. Imagine that you have been accepted by two different universities. One university is well-known for its excellent academic program, but it’s expensive; while another is less well-known, but has offered you with scholarship to pay for your intuition fee. Which university would you prefer, explain why.
14. Some people get to know a person by the first observation while others prefer to get to know a person by long time observation. Which one do you prefer and explain why.
15. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: all students should attend social activities such as join a club or a sports team in school?
16. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Interrupting others while others are talking about something is impolite?
17. Your city is about to build a new factory so as to provide more job opportunities for citizens; however, the factory might lead to environmental pollution to some extent. Do you agree or disagree to build such a new factory?
18. Some people think students should study in classroom. While others believe that they should visit museum and zoo to study. Which one do you like?
19. Some people prefer to stay in touch with their friends and family members while traveling. Others prefer not to get in touch and stay alone. Which do you prefer and why?
20. Some people like to share their thoughts through publications like newspapers and blogs. Others prefer to only share them with friends. Which one do you prefer?
托福考試2018備考規劃 如何應對變化後的加試
請滕達老師給我們介紹一下2017年托福考試的整體情況。
滕達：2017年托福考試沒有太大的變化。託福2006年從紙考到機考，到現在已經是11個年頭了。托福考試相對來說十分成熟，卷子搭配都是閱讀、聽力、口語和寫作，題型也沒有太大的改變。有一些同學可能覺得話題跟以前稍微有些不太一樣，變得更靈活。
托福考量上也沒有太大的差別，每年中國考生大約是40萬-45萬人次。2017年的最新數據還沒有公佈。但是從2016年的數據來看，託福平均分沒有太大的變化。考試總分是120分，中國考生平均79分。以往稍微考得差一點的年份會是76分，好一點是79分。
2017年託福有3場加場。甚至9月的下午場，很多考生考完出來都已經天黑了，而被大家戲稱爲“夜場”。這些加場考試說明託福需求真的是很大，那麼考生應該選擇什麼時間考託福，如何搶考位呢?
滕達：託福加場是指這一週本來沒有考試，然後突然可以報名。而原本顯示已經報滿的考試又變成可報的狀態，則有可能有人退考了。
早在七八年前，托福考位很不容易搶，大家依靠黃牛搶托福考位。一年差不多是43-44場托福考試，教育部考試中心一下放出20、30場考試，然後再隨着時間的推進慢慢放出其餘考位。有時候會十天放一些考位，有時候會提前十天加場。
後來，ETS和教育部考試中心發現考生報名托福考試特別集中，在北上廣是過於集中，而在二三線城市往往還有空餘考位。另外，有意圖出國的考生很多都會集中在下半年考試。
於是，從2016年開始，ETS提前到10月、11月放出全部40多場考試的考位。這樣提前把考位都放出來，加場也相應減少了。另外，托福考試也採用實名制，並且賬戶要先充值，才能看到考位。
而剛剛提到的下午場，是指要等上午的考生考完，大家兩點半進場，三點開始考試。到下半年考位緊缺的時候，大家可以選擇下午場，當然題跟上午是不可能一樣的。
至於何時報名託福，馬上2月過春節，場次也少，然後就是3、4月考試。成績不理想的話，要再報5月，最好在6、7月之前報課集中複習，然後考試。這樣在暑假之前就能有成績準備申請。因爲10月有很多進行早申的同學，所以6月開始會出現考位緊缺。
另外提醒大家，不要把考試時間安排在學校截止日期之前。一般托福考試十天出成績，也就是隔週的週三或者週四。但遇到聖誕節這樣的節假日成績一定會晚出。而聖誕節臨近申請截止日期，有可能是你最着急的時候，如果還沒有考到想要的成績，就會特別着急。所以托福考試趕早不趕晚。
至於考場選擇，就近原則，越近越好。離家近的話，時間和精力不用花在路上。如果本地沒有了，可以去外地考，提前入住，以免第二天早上過於着急。如果大陸地區沒有的話，還可以去香港、澳門、臺灣參加考試。不過這些地區的考試要去ETS官網報名。
2017年托福考試新舊題目的比例是怎樣的?難度如何?有沒有出現新的題型呢?
滕達：托福考試是語言能力測評。所謂的託福題目變難了，其實並沒有。並且全球考生面對的託福難度是一致的，採用的題庫和判分標準也是一樣的。所以中國考生的79分和中東考生的79分是一樣的。
但是不可否認的是，2017年託福題目的確越來越活，口語不再考那些特別死板的人力、事物，在3選1這種題型上話題會更靈活。比如：
“瞭解意大利文化的最佳方式，是通過飲食，通過電影，還是通過聽講座上課?”
“如果政府得到了撥款，你覺得這錢應該用在太空探索，海洋垃圾處理，還是天氣預測上?”
“如果讓你從三個不同職業的人中選市長，你選哪個人?是教授，醫生，還是銀行家?”
託福加試一直都有所謂的經典加試，大家考前背一背，瞭解一下就感覺非常簡單。但是2017年3月之後進行了調整，這個情況能不能請您給我們介紹一下。
滕達：託福加試的英文叫additional test，主要是用來測試考試的信度和效度。
ETS官方MOOC是這麼介紹的：每一次托福考試都有加試，考生無法區分哪道題是加試。加試題目不算進分數裏。沒有雙加試(Never both)。
託福閱讀的題目是20分鐘一篇，三篇60分鐘。如果考試時一看計時器顯示80分鐘，就說明有一篇是加試。如果閱讀有加試，聽力就不會再出現加試。反之亦然。不過，託福閱讀的加試以篇爲單位，而託福聽力的加試是以題目爲單位的。
託福加試收集的數據要驗證這些題是否合理，是否對所有的種族都是平等的。如果題沒有問題，就會進入題庫。我們每一次看到的託福題目其實都經過加試。所以所謂的“新題”其實也都是舊題。
至於所謂的經典加試，是因爲中國考區的考生太多了，佔托福考生的三分之一。考生們考完分享回憶就發現聽力大王花、閱讀歐洲浪漫古典主義文學總會遇到。這些不變的題目也被稱作錨題，作爲變量中的定量，主要是ETS用來驗證每套題目的難度是不是一致。
這裏提醒大家的是，雖然加試錯了不會扣分，無論遇到的是經典還是非經典加試，都要調整好心態認真對待。
2017年很多考生還有一個特別明顯的感覺，就是托福考試加大了防作弊的力度，比如人臉識別、聲音識別。這方面請您再介紹一些情況。
滕達：利用包括指紋、聲紋、人臉識別這些生物信息防作弊是ETS和教育部考試中心都一直在做的事情。運用聲紋識別可以有效防止槍手替考。教育部考試中心和ETS它們都有聲紋庫，也有槍手庫。這些防作弊的手段主要是爲了保證考試的公平性。
托福考試沒有準考證。入場的憑證是身份證，永遠不要忘了身份證。如果你身份證丟了，那就用臨時身份證。如果在境外參加考試，就用護照。
如果要申請美國大學，託福一般需要考到多少分?
滕達：如果是美國綜合排名四十或者五十以上的，那麼託福成績要達到100分。如果是綜合排名Top30，競爭就更激烈，可能需要105分。如果目標是常青藤，那有可能更高。而且，本科申請的競爭要比研究生的競爭更激烈。
所以如果你是高中生，計劃去美國讀本科，那託福成績一定要好。如果是本科生要去讀研究生，也別鬆懈。
有些學校在網站上寫明瞭最低分數，首先要做到不低於這個成績。另外這個成績也只是針對所有國際學生的最低標準，而你如果要跟其他中國學生競爭的話，分數就不能僅僅只是“最低標準”了。另外，其他的標化考試成績也要保證沒有短板。同時，還要提升自己的軟實力，文書的準備和平時成績。所以建議大家提早進行準備。
考生要怎樣規劃自己的托福考試呢?
滕達：剛纔提到過，中國學生的託福平均分是79分。如果是80分的水平，去留學是不夠的，學習生活都會很痛苦。而中國學生的英語巔峯一般是在高考，進入國內大學英語也就放下了。
如果是大二大三開始準備，可以先考一次託福，來了解自己到底處在什麼水平上。一般我們認爲一考爭取獲得80分，先超過中國平均分。二考爭取再進步10分，達到90分。最後三考刷到100分。當然這是一個盲目樂觀的計劃。所以建議考生可以提前報考幾次的考試，做好規劃。
託福熟詞僻意解析--常見詞
well
【常用釋義】
adj. 健康的，好的
【生僻釋義】
n. 井;v. 涌出
託福例句：The first wells were drilled into the Ogallala during the drought years of the early 1930’s.(TPO 3-3 Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer)
託福例句：Gas pressure gradually dies out, and oil is pumped from the well.(TPO 4-3 Petroleum Resources)
解析：well在託福中，經常會考察到作名詞“礦井”的意思，如to dig/drill/sink a well 挖井/鑽井/掘井。well表示井的意思一般出現在石油開採或者地質類的文章中。第一個句子的意思在20世紀30年代早期的乾旱年份中，在Ogallala第一口礦井被挖掘出來。第二句的意思汽油的壓力逐漸消失，同時汽油從礦井中涌出。另外，因爲well有井口的含義，井口經常會噴發東西，於是引申爲動詞詞組well out 就有涌出的意思，一般是指water 水和 blood 血涌出。well up 有“冒出，迸發”的意思，tears welled up in my eyes 我熱淚盈眶;when he heard the news, joy welled up within him 他聽到這個消息後內心充滿喜悅.
【常用釋義】
n. 興趣;愛好
【生僻釋義】
n. [=advantage, benefit] 利益;[=Finance] 利息
託福例句：Forty-three windmills powered the drainage pumps so that they were able to lease the reclamation to farmers as early as 1612, with the investors receiving annual leasing payments at an interest rate of 17 percent. (TPO 23-2 Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture)
解析：interest作“利息”的意思時，常見短語有the monthly rate of interest, 月利率。
interest作“利益”的意思時，常用短語有to look after/protect/safeguard one’s (own) interests, 保護自己的利益;to promote/further/advance one’s (own) interests, 促進自己的利益。原句翻譯：有四十三座風車爲排水泵提供動力，因此早在1612年，這些土地就可以租給農民耕種，而投資者們每年以17%的利率收取租賃費。
draw
【常用釋義】
v. 畫，描繪
【生僻釋義】
1. v. 得出(結論);
託福例句：The stencils of hands found in these shelters and caves allow us to draw conclusions about which hand was dominant.(TPO 12-1 Which Hand Did They Use?)
解析：draw這個單詞有非常多的含義，在託福閱讀中除了會考察到大家熟悉的“繪畫”這個含義，也會考察draw a conclusion 得出結論，這樣的含義。句子翻譯爲：在這些遮蔽物和洞穴中找到的手的模印能讓我們得出關於哪個手是主導手的結論。
2. v. 拖，拉，拽;
託福例句：Mechanization included the use of horse-drawn harvesters and seed drills, many developed initially in the United States. (TPO 35-2 Population Growth in Nineteenth-Century Europe)
解析：draw在這裏表示”拖，拉，拽”，如the train was drawn by a steam engine火車由蒸汽機拉動。句子中horse-drawn即“由馬拉動的“，整句話翻譯爲：機械化包含由馬拉動的收割機和播種機，他們大部分最初是在美國發展起來。
3. v. 吸引
託福例句：They were concerned that many would be drawn to these new, refreshing conceptions of teaching only to find that the void between the abstractions and the realities of teacher reflection is too great to bridge. (TPO 9-2 Reflection in Teaching)
解析：draw在這裏表示吸引，如to draw sb. to do sth. 吸引某人做某事，draw one’s attention吸引某人的注意力。句子中，be drawn to 表示“被吸引”。另外，句中的only to find表示結果出人意料(多指不好的)，整句話翻譯爲：他們擔心很多人可能被這種全新的教育概念中所吸引然而卻發現教師反思的抽象概念和現實之間的鴻溝太大而無法逾越。
pose
【常用釋義】
n. 姿勢
【生僻釋義】
v. 構成，造成
例句：The political institutions of the four countries posed no significant barriers to industrialization or economic growth.(TPO 18-1 Industrialization in the Netherlands and Scandinavia)
解析：pose作動詞，在託福閱讀中的釋義爲“構成，造成”，短語結構爲“pose sth on/to sb”，此處的sth，一般是problem, challenge, threat等名詞。句中，posed no significant barriers to industrialization意爲“未對工業化構成嚴重的障礙”。
