效率高的職場人的七大特徵

Is there someone on your team who seems unusually productive? Someone who gets a huge amount done — without working longer hours?

你的團隊中是否有人看起來效率很高?他看起來沒有加班很久，但是卻做了很多工作。

 

Super-productive people are in every industry. The most productive software developers write nine times more usable code per day than the average developer, according to research by Michael Mankins. He also found that the best fish butcher at Le Bernardin Restaurant in New York can prepare three times as much fish as the average, the best blackjack dealer keeps their table playing five times longer, and the best sales associate at Nordstrom sells eight times more clothes.

每個行業都有這樣高效率的人。據邁克爾•曼金斯(Michael Mankins)的研究，最高效的軟件開發人員每天編寫的可用代碼是普通程序員的9倍。他還發現，紐約的Le Bernardin餐廳最好的魚販能做的魚的數量是一般廚師的三倍，最好的發牌員能讓玩家多玩5倍的時間，而諾德斯特龍（Nordstrom）最好的銷售助理賣的衣服比其他人多8倍。

 

How do they do it? That’s what their coworkers usually wonder. We wanted to know too.

他們是怎麼做到的?這是他們的同事經常想知道的。我們也想知道。

 

We collected data on over 7,000 people who were rated by their manager on their level of their productivity and 48 specific behaviors. Each person was also rated by an average of 11 other people, including peers, subordinates, and others. We identified the specific behaviors that were correlated with high levels of productivity — the top 10% in our sample — and then performed a factor analysis.

我們收集了7000多員工的數據，他們的經理評估了他們的生產力水平和48個具體行爲。另有11人對每個員工進行打分，得出平均分。這些評審人員包括員工的同齡人、下屬和其他人。我們從中選取了前10%作爲高效率的具體行爲，然後進行因子分析。

 

Seven consistent clusters emerged that identified the skills that the most productive people regularly practiced:

最終我們確定了七個高效率職員的共同特徵： 

Set stretch goals. Think about your last day off. Did you decide to do some projects around your house or apartment? Maybe you puttered around, doing a few small tasks in a random way. Or maybe you selected a major project to tackle and were amazed at how much you were able to get done in a day.

設定大目標。 想想休息日的最後一天要做些什麼，是在房子或公寓周圍做一些項目嗎？ 也許你也可以隨機做一些小任務。 或者，也許你選擇了一個重大項目來解決問題，這樣你會驚訝地發現自己一天中完成了很多事情。

 

A big project encourages you to pick up your pace and eliminate all distractions. There is some great magic that occurs when people become riveted by the thought of achieving a stretch goal. The people in our study who got the most done made setting stretch goals a habit.

一個大項目鼓勵你加快步伐，消除所有分心項目。 當人們被實現大目標的想法所吸引時，會出現一些偉大的魔力。我們研究中最有效率的人都有這種習慣。

 

Show consistency. We all know people who are 100% reliable. If they say, “It will be done,” it will get done. In our study, the most productive people did not see their productivity ebb and flow over time; they didn’t procrastinate only to pull all-nighters later on. Instead, they figured out how to consistently deliver results, week after week and month after month. There was a cadence and a rhythm to their work that seemed to keep them going.

保持速度。 我們都瞭解100％可靠的人是什麼樣的。 如果他們說，“這將完成”，它會完成。 在我們的研究中，最有效率職員的生產力不會隨着時間的推移而下降， 他們不會拖延。 相反，他們想出瞭如何始終如一地保持速度的方法，一週又一週、一月又一月。 他們的工作很有節奏，讓他們繼續前進。

 

Have knowledge and technical expertise. Few things kill productivity faster than a lack of knowledge or expertise. When you know what you’re doing, you don’t have to sacrifice quality for speed. You can get things done both quickly and well. You don’t need to spend time searching online for a good tutorial, or asking a colleague for advice. The most productive professionals in our study didn’t hesitate to ask for help when they needed it…but they didn’t need it that often. They also intentionally acquired new skills and worked to expand their expertise. That helped them be skillful, exacting, and quick in their execution.

有知識和技術專長。缺乏知識或專業知識是最快殺死生產力的東西。 當你知道你在做什麼時，你不必爲了速度而犧牲質量。 你可以快速完成任務。 你不需要花時間在網上搜索一個好的教程，或者向同事尋求建議。 我們研究中最富有成效的專業人員在需要時毫不猶豫地尋求幫助......但他們並不經常需要這種幫助。 他們還有意識地去獲得新的技能，並努力學習專業知識。 這有助於他們在執行過程中保持熟練、精確和快速。

 

Drive for results. Most people are willing to accept responsibility for accomplishing goals and to work at a reasonable pace to achieve expected results. But there are a few people who have a great desire to accomplish results sooner and quicker. They are overjoyed to be able to check something off their to-do list. They’re competitive — and they compete not only with their colleagues but also with themselves. They like to set new records for performance and then beat their own best.

實現目標的動力。 大多數人願意承擔完成目標的責任，並以合理的速度工作以實現預期的結果。 但有些人渴望更快地完成結果。 他們非常高興能夠檢查他們的待辦事項列表。 他們很有競爭力，不僅與他們的同事競爭，還與他們自己競爭。 他們喜歡創造新的紀錄，然後不斷打敗自己。

 

Anticipate and solve problems. The most productive people are great problem-solvers. They come up with innovative solutions and accomplish work more efficiently. They also tend to anticipate roadblocks and begin working on solutions in advance, and so avoid some of the problems that other people run into. Social psychologists call this mental contrasting — thinking about what you want to achieve and what might get in the way of your achieving it — and have found that it helps people achieve their goals.

預測並解決問題。 最有生產力的人是偉大的問題解決者。 他們提出了創新的解決方案，並更有效地完成工作。 他們也傾向於預見路障並提前開始解決問題，因此避免其他人遇到的一些問題。 社會心理學家稱這種爲心理上的差異 -- 考慮你想要達到什麼目標，以及可能阻礙你實現目標的方式，這樣可以幫助人們實現目標。

 

Take initiative. For many people, the hardest part of getting a job done is starting. The most productive people start quickly, and they never wait to be told to begin. They ask for forgiveness, not permission. And indeed, their bias for action can get them into trouble sometimes — they might start executing a project before all parties have bought in, say. But their bosses rarely complain, because their results tend to speak for themselves.

主動。 對於很多人來說，完成工作最難的部分就是開始。 最富有成效的人開始迅速，他們永遠等待被告知開始。 他們要求原諒，而不是允許。 事實上，他們的行爲偏見有時會讓他們陷入麻煩 - 他們可能會在各方買入之前開始執行一個項目。 但是他們的老闆很少抱怨，因爲他們的結果往往是爲自己說話

。 

Be collaborative. So far it might sound like we’re describing a person who is a brilliant individual worker but can’t work well with others. But that’s not what our study showed. In today’s complex organizations, very little gets done by someone acting alone. Everything is highly interdependent. The most productive people in our study were highly collaborative and worked well with others.

合作。 到目前爲止，前面的特徵似乎聽起來讓大家覺得這些高效率的人都是智商很高但不擅長團隊合作的人。但事實並非如此。在當今複雜的公司中，只有合作行動才能完成任務。 一切都是高度相互依賴的。 我們研究中最有成效的人是高度協作的，並且可以很好地與其他人一起工作。  

If you want to be more productive yourself, take a look at this list and ask if there’s something you can improve. Do you struggle to get started? Could you be more consistent? If you’re a manager trying to help one of your employees get more done, ask yourself if there’s something here that could help. Maybe your employee is working hard but doesn’t have the skills they need to really increase their productivity. Can you help them get those skills? Can you help them set motivating stretch goals?

如果您想自己提高生產效率，可以根據這七個特徵來看看自己是否有可以改進的地方。覺得難以開始？能保持自己的工作速度麼？ 如果你是一位經理，試圖幫助你的一位員工完成更多工作，問問自己是否有什麼可以幫助員工。 也許你的員工正在努力工作，但沒有真正提高他們的生產力所需的技能。 你能幫助他們獲得這些技能嗎？ 你能幫助他們設定激勵彈性目標嗎？

 

The most productive people might seem to get it all done through magic — or cutting corners — but as it turns out, extreme productivity is just a set of skills. Skills that more of us can acquire and use.

最富有成效的人似乎可以通過魔法或者偷工減料來完成這一切--但事實證明，高效的生產力只是一套技能。更多的人可以獲得和使用這項技能。