2017年12月英語四級衝刺模擬題 第十三套（含答案）
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Every year 100 million holiday—makers are drawn to the Mediterranean. With onethird of the world's tourist trade, it is the most popular of all the holiday destinations; it is also the most polluted. It has only 1 per cent of the world's sea surface, but carries more than half the oil and tar floating on the waters. Thousands of factories pour their poison into the Mediterranean, and almost every city, town and village on the coast sends its sewage, untreated, into the sea.
The result is that the Mediterranean, which nurtured so many civilizations, is gravely ill—the first of the seas to fall victim to the abilities and attitudes that evolved around it. And the pollution does not merely keep back life of the sea—it threatens the people who inhabit and visit its shores. The mournful form of disease is caused by sewage. Eightyfive per cent of the waste from the Mediterranean's 120 coastal cities is pushed out in to the waters where their people and visitors bathe and fish. What is more, most cities just drop it in straight off the beach; rare indeed are the places like Cannes and Tel Aviv which pipe it even half a mile offshore.
Not surprisingly, vast areas of the shallows are awash with bacteria and it doesn't take long for these to reach people. Professor William Brumfitt of the Royal Free Hospital once calculated that anyone who goes for a swim in the Mediterranean has a one in seven chance of getting some sort of disease. Other scientists say this is an overestimate; but almost all of them agree that bathers are at risk. Industry adds its own poisons. Factories cluster round the coastline, and even the most modern rarely has proper wastetreatment plant. They do as much damage to the sea as sewage.But the good news is that the countries of the Mediterranean have been coming together to work out how to save their common sea.
21. The causes of the Mediterranean's pollution is ____.
A) the oil and tar floating on the water
B) many factories put their poison into the sea
C) untreated sewage from the factories and coastal cities
D) there are some sorts of diseases in the sea
22. Which of following consequence of a polluted sea is not true according to the passage?
A) Bring up so many civilizations.
B) Various diseases in the sea.
C) It threatens the inhabitants and travelers.
D) One in seven chance of getting some sort of disease swimming in the sea.
23. The word “sewage”refer to ____.
A) poison B) waste C) liquid material D) solid material
24. Why does industry do much damage to the sea?
A) Because most factories have proper wastetreatment plants.
B) Because many factories have not proper wastetreatment plants even the most modern one.
C) Because just the modern factory has a waste treatment plant.
D) Because neither ordinary factories nor most modern ones have p roper wastetreatment plants.
25. What is the passage mainly about?
A) Save the world.
B) How the people live in the Mediterranean sea.
C) How the industry dangers the sea.
D) Beware the dirty sea.
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
THE CLASSROOM is a man's world, where boys get twothirds of the teachers' attention — even when they are in a minority— taunt (辱罵) the girls without punishment, and receive praise for sloppy work that would not be tolerated from girls. They are accustomed to being teachers' pets, and if girls get anything like equal treatment, they will protest eagerly and even wreck lessons.
These claims are made in a book out this week, written by Dale Spender, a lecturer at the London University Institute of Education. She argues that discrimination against girls is so deeply in coeducational schools that single sex classes are the only answer. Her case is based on taperecordings of her own and other teachers' lessons. Many of them, like Spender, had deliberately set out to give girls a fair chance. “Sometimes,” says Spender, “I have even thought I have gone too far and have spent more time with the girls than the boys.”
The tapes proved otherwise. In 10 taped lessons (in secondary school and college), Spender never gave the girls more than 42 per cent of her attention (the average was 38 percent) and never gave the boys less than 58 percent. There were similar results for other teachers, both male and female. In other words, when teachers give girls more than a third of their time, they feel that they are cheating the boys of their rightful share. And so do the boys themselves. “She always asks the girls all the questions,” said one boy in a classroom where 34 per cent of the teachers' time was allocate d to girls. “She doesn't like boys, and just listens to the girls.” said a boy in another class, where his sex got 63 per cent of teacher attention. Boys regarded twothirds of the teacher's time as a fair deal — and when they got less they caused trouble in class and even complained to higher authority. “It's important to keep their attention,” said one teacher, “Otherwise, they play you up something awful.” Spender concludes that, in mixed classes, if the girls are as boisterous and pushy as the boys, they are considered “unladylike”, if they are docile and quiet, they are ignored.
26. If boys are better treated in class, ____ would be better.
A) singlesex classes and coeducational classes B) coeducational classes C) singlesex classes D) None of the above
27. Dale Spender obtained the evidence for her claims by ____ .
A) her own lessons in secondary school and college
B) the other teachers' taperecordings
C) both male and female teachers
D) taperecordings of her own and other teachers' lessons
28. What are the boy's reactions when girls are given more attention?
A) They will keep the teachers' attention again.
B) They will make some trouble and complain to the headmaster.
C) They will play up the teacher something awful.
D) They will feel they are cheated by teachers.
29. The word “boisterous” in the last paragraph probably means ____.
A) rough B) brave C)troublesome D) emotional
30. The best title for this passage would be ____.
A) boys are teachers' pets
B) boys do better in coeducational classes
C) singlesex classes are better than coeduationed classes
D) girls do better than boys
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Gestures aren't the only area in which the unwary traveler can get tripped up. Foreign cultures adhere to different business customs and behavior. For example: Caffeine junkies should restrain themselves in the Middle East.“Three cups of tea or coffee is usually the polite limit in offices and during social calls,” counsels “Travel Pak, ” a free publication of Alia, the Royal Jordanian Airline. “But if your host keeps going, you also may continue sipping. If you've had your fill, give your empty cup a quick twist a sort of wiggle—as you hand it back. That means “No more, thank you.”
Middle East visitors also should not be surprised “if others barge right into the office in the middle of your conversation with the person you are seeing,” notes “Travel Pak.” An old Arab custom calls for keeping an “open office.”The British, however, consider it impolite to interrupt a visitor, even after all business has been transacted. The commercial caller is expected to be sensitive to this point, know when to stop, and initiate his or her own departure.In Japan certain guests at evening business gatherings will leave early. They should be allowed to leave without effusive goodbyes. The Japanese consider formal departures to be disruptive in such cases and disturbing to remaining guests. In Scandinavia and Finland business guests may be asked to shed their clothes and join their hosts in a sauna. The invitation is a sign that a good working relationship has been established.
In the Arab world, the word “no” must be mentioned three times before it is accepted. In contrast, it is considered good business manners to make many and long efforts to pick up the check. In the People's Republic of China, gift giving is considered an insult, says Patrick J. Lewis, President of Club Universe, a Los Angeles tour operator. “If you want to give someone a gift, make sure it's modest in value. This will not be considered offensive, but it may be declined, ” The Chinese manner of expressing friendship and welcome is to clap. Lewis adds. “Youmay be greeted with clapping when entering a factory, hospital, commune, or school. Politeness dictates that you respond with applause, even though it may seem like you're clapping for yourself.”
31. In the Middle East, it is considered ____.
A) impolite to drink at least 3 cups of coffee
B) impolite to drink more than 3 cups of coffee unless your host drinks more
C) polite to ask the host to give you as more as he can
D) polite to leave a party as early as you want
32. In Japan, the guest at an evening party will ____.
A) leave early without saying goodbye
B) stay as long as he can
C) stay to have a swimming with the host
D) present their business cards immediately
33. In Finland, business guests may ____.
A) take flowers to the host
B) send an expensive gift to the host
C) have a swimming or sauna with the host
D) present a business card
34. In China, a gift to the host means ____.
A) attemption to praise the host
B) a modest manner
C) a respondence of applause
D) offended action to the host's dignity
35. Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?
A) Uninvited visitors are welcome in Middle Eastern office. B) In Britain, business visitors can stay as long as they like.
C) In China, people may greet a foreigner's entering a school with clapping. D) In the Arab world, saying “No” for 3 times until it is accepted.
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
W hat is the importance of the AfroAmerican history to all Americans? How could AfroAmericans contribute anything to American history when they were just slaves and servants? This is the image which many of us are taught when we go to school. This is the image many AfroAmericans have of themselves also. The AfroAmericans need to remake their real historical image so that it is known and accepted in its truthfulness by themselves and the rest of the world. Men and women of darker color are human beings entitled to respect and acceptance in history. When we think of famous scientists and inventors we immediately think of men such as Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison and Jonas E.Salk. This is because we associate famous people with the AngloSaxon race. But what about the AfroAmerican inventors and scientists? How many men during World War Ⅰ owe their lives to Garrett Morgan who invented the gas mask? Garrett Morgan also invented the traffic light which saves numerous lives on our streets. Daniel Hale Williams was the first successful heart surgeon. Charles Drew saved hundreds of thousands of lives during World War II by his discovery of the ways and means of preserving blood plasma. Percy Julian has helped millions suffering from the excruciating pain of arthritis. These men and others should be as easily recognized as Bell, Edison and Salk.
America is made up of many different blends of cultures. These many cultures have come to enrich and diversify the American way of life. We should not think, because history has neglected to include the background of a particular culture, that these people have an inferior history. We should search for the truth and set the record straight against the slanders, the stereotyping and false images which have identified these people. We should understand each of the cultures and learn of their specific contribution to America's life story.
Only after we are taught the complete and accurate history of our great country and learn that the blending of cultures and backgrounds gives us ourstrength, can we go forward on the path to peace.
36. The function of the first paragraph is to ____.
A) present the main idea or the summary of the essay
B) present an introduction to the topic
C) provide background to the main theme
D) present many cultures have contributed to American history
37. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Graham Bell, T.Edison and J.E.Salk are not very important people.
B) Black people who contribute to society should have equal recognition with their white colleagues.
C) We should not associate famous people with the AngloSaxon race only.
D) G.Morgan, D.H.Williams and Charles Drew were not AfroAmericans.
38. Paragraph three tells us that ____.
A) we should oppose slander and stereotyping
B) the American way of life is richer because it is made up of many cultures
C) some cultures have been completely neglected
D) AfroAmericans have an inferior history
39. The word “image” refers to ____.
A) picture B) portray C) impression D) similar
40. The main idea of the passage is ____.
A) There are many AfroAmericans who are famous as scientists and inventors
B) Many AfroAmericans have devoted to American history
C) AfroAmerican experience to American history
D) AfroAmerican history must be recognized as an important part of American history
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41. Hardly had the minister finished his statement ____ several reporters raised their hands and put forward a string of questions.
A) when B) as C) then D) than
42. The impact of this wellknown book might not have been so far reaching ____ for Mr.William, who dared to publish it.
A) if had it not beenB) had it not been C) is it not being D) its only having been
43. There were a lot ____ criticisms in the paper than expected.
A) of B) more C) of more D) much more
44. You shouldn't ____ that last week and you should do it next week.
A) have done B) do C) be doing D) have to do
45. Your father likes to play golf; he's really enthusiastic ____it.
A) by B) about C) with D) on
46. They have been waiting for many hours to see the singer, but the airplane must have been ____.
A) off time B) on time C) ahead of schedule D) behind schedule
47. He insisted that we all ____ in his office at one o'clock.
A) be B) to be C) would be D) shall be
48. I have not found my book yet. I'm not sure ____ I could have done with it.
A) whether B) what C) why D) where
49. I left very early last night, but I wish I ____ so early.
A) didn't leave B) hadn't left C) haven't left D) couldn't leave
50. I'd get it for you ____ I could remember who last borrowed it.
A) except thatB) on condition that C) if only D) considering whether
51. I did not call to make my airline reservation, but I ____.
A) should have B) may have C) must have D) shall have
52. He is sure that there was a flying saucer over there. If he hadn't seen it himself, he ____ it.
A) never have believed B) never did believe C) could never believeD) would never have believed
53. I guess Jones didn't have a chance to win the election. ____ the people in the city voted for his opponent.
A) Most all of B) Most of all C) Almost all of D) Almost the whole of
54. The cottage will be cold. Make sure ____ the heater.
A) you light B) for lighting C) lighting D) you'll light
55. There are times when the ____ on the road to success prevent our reaching our goals.
A) barriers B) blocks C) boundaries D) accidents
56. Persons of all ages are ____ to enjoy the country's medical care.
A) asked B) entitled C) willing D) required
57. The Indian guide ____ the danger ahead on the muddy, wet road.
A) ignored B) heard about C) warned D) foresaw
58. At the gathering, he talked ____ about the matter, dampening everyones spirits.
A) in detail B) with ease C) on end D) in a confusing way
59. His ____ and experience make him an excellent person for this job.
A) complacency B) compensation C) cooperation D) capability
60. During the strike, the electricity was cut off for hours, so we had to ____ candles for lighting.
A) manage with B) turn on C) carry out D) keep to
61. Susan must ____ quite well on the exam since she seems so confident of passing.
A) do B) have been doing C) be done D) have done
62. “How many from your class went abroad?” “ ____ but one”.
A) Any B) Some C) All D) Most
63. I wish Bill would drive us to the train station but he has ____ to take us all.
A) very small a car B) too small a car C) a too small car D) such a small car
64. Astronomers were glad to know that their ____ about the moon were correct.
A) suppositions B) descriptions C) philosophy D) summarization
65. Lucille has been feeling ____ recently.
A) under the weatherB) in the weather C) cold D) isolated
66. Unwise judgment and bad management caused the small company to ____.
A) set another record B) reduce its production C) go broke D) go down
67. Each day in summer, teenagers go to the beach, hoping to ____ a beautiful tan.
A) lose B) help C) bathe D) acquire
68. Heating ____ into the students' dormitories now.
A) is putting B) is being put C) is been put D) has been putting
69. We know that Mr.Smith has an extremely tight schedule, but we believe he should have ____ time at least for his supporters.
A) a little B) one C) little D) a
70. All the members are participating in the scheme ____ a few small firms.
A) except B) besides C) except for D) in addition to
Part Ⅳ Cloze (15 minutes) Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Each human being is born as something new,__ (71)__ that never existed before. He is born with__ (72)__ he needs to win at life. Each person in his own__ (73)__ can see,hear,touch,taste, and think__(74)__ himself. Each has his own unique __(75)__ — his capabilities and limitations.__ (76)__ can be a significant,__ (77)__, aware, and creatively __(78)__ person in his own right — a winner.
The words “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When we refer __(79)__ a person as a winner, we do not mean one__ (80)__ beats the other guy__ (81)__ winning over him and __(82)__ him lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being __ (83)__ , trustworthy, responsive, and genuine,__ (84)__ as an individual and as a member of__ (85)__.
A loser is one who fails to respond authentically. Martin Buber __(86) __this idea as he retells an old story of a rabbi who on his __(87)__ bed sees himself as a loser. The rabbi laments that, in the world to come, he will not be asked why he wasn't Moses; he will be asked why he wasn't __(88)__. Few people are one hundred percent winners or one hundred percent losers. It's a__ (89)__ of degree. However, once a person is on the road to being a winner, his chances are greater for becoming even more __(90)__. This book is intended to facilitate the journey.
71. A) everything B) anything C) something D) thing
72. A) that B) what C) which D) how
73. A) way B) case C) method D) appetite
74. A) of B) to C) for D) about
75. A) possibilities B) abilities C) potentials D) energy
76. A) One B) All C) Every D) Each
77. A) thinking B) think C) thought D) have thought
78. A) produce B) productive C) product D) productivity
79. A) as B) to C) for D) on
80. A) what B) those C) which D) who
81. A) with B) for C) on D) by
82. A) making B) let C) letting D) make
83. A) credit B) believing C) credible D) believed
84. A) all B) both C) which D) each
85. A) society B) group C) community D) party
86. A) takes B) tells C) speaks D) expresses
87. A) die B) death C) dying D) died
88. A) his B) him C) himself D) self
89. A) matter B) case C) thing D) something
90. A) than B) much C) then D) so
Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic, “The Way to Success” based on the following outlines. Your composition should be no less than 100 words.
1. 每個人都試圖在事業上獲得成功。
2. 意志堅強、鍥而不捨、勤奮進取是成功的三大要素。
3. 我堅信……
參考答案在下一頁哦
備考推薦：滬江網校8週年 助力“碾壓”四級
參考答案
Part Ⅱ
1
短文大意
本文講的是地中海的污染原因及結果。地中海是旅遊勝地，是許多文明的發源地，但是現在的地中海卻污染嚴重。因爲許多沿岸的城市、工廠、村莊未經處理就將廢 物排放入地中海，這樣，海中有害物質及廢物給細菌病菌的繁殖創造了條件。所以在地中海游泳是很危險的，好在地中海沿岸國家一直在設法挽救其共同的地中海。
21. 答案C。
【參考譯文】 地中海的污染原因是什麼?
【試題分析】 此題考查考生區分原因與現象的能力。
【詳細解答】 A. 指的是石油和(焦油)漂浮於水面上，這是現象而非原因,因此不正確。B.指出許多工廠將有毒物放進海里。這只是一個方面,因此也不正確。C. 談的是來自工廠和沿海城市中沒有經過處理的廢物,這在文中提到了,因此爲正確答案。D.談到海中有幾種疾病，這也是現象而非原因。
22. 答案A。
【參考譯文】 根據本文，海洋污染造成的後果中，以下哪項不對?
【試題分析】 此題爲判斷因果關係題。
【詳細解答】 A.提供了諸多的文明;B.海洋中各種疾病;C.污染使當地居民和旅行者感到恐懼;D.如果在海里游泳七個人中就有一個會染上疾病。從文章中我們知道B、C、D都是污染所產生出的結果,因此A是正確答案。
23. 答案B。
【試題分析】 此題考查考生根據上下文推測單詞意義的能力。
【詳細解答】 A.有毒物質;B.廢物;C.液體材料;D.固體材料。從文中我們知道sewage 的含義爲廢物。
24. 答案B。
【參考譯文】 爲什麼工業會給海洋帶來更多的危害?
【試題分析】 本題爲細節判斷題，可用排除法。
【詳細解答】 A.因爲許多工廠有適當的廢物處理廠;B.因爲許多工廠甚至最現代化的工廠
都很少有廢物處理廠;C.因爲僅僅現代工廠有廢物處理工廠; D.因爲普通工廠和最現代化工廠都沒有廢物處理工廠,很明顯選項B是正確的。
25. 答案D。
【參考譯文】 此文的主要大意是什麼?
【試題分析】 此題考查對全文主旨的理解。
【詳細解答】 本文講的是地中海的污染原因及結果。A. 拯救世界, 範圍太大,不對。B. 地中海地區的人們是怎樣生活的,這也不正確。 C. 工業是如何危害海洋,這只是污染的一個方面。 D. 警惕污染了的海洋,這一答案最貼近,因此,D爲正確答案。
2
短文大意
倫敦教育學院的老師Dale Spender認爲教室是男孩子的天下，老師的2/3的注意力在男孩身上。男孩子是老師寵愛的對象。她認爲單性別課堂是解決老師偏心的唯一方法。她的結論 表明，如果老師對男生的注意力如果達不到2/3的話，老師自己也覺得對男孩子們重視不夠;男孩子們則會製造麻煩甚至向領導發牢騷。Spender認爲在混 合班裏，如果女孩子安靜順服就易被忽視，否則又會被認爲不象女孩。
26. 答案C。
【參考譯文】 如果男孩在課堂上受待遇更好的話, 那麼哪種課堂形式將更好?
【試題分析】 此題考查考生對開頭兩段內容的理解。
【詳細解答】 A. 單性別課堂和混合課堂教育更好;B 混合課堂教育更好,正是在混合課堂,男生更吸引老師的注意。 C. 單性別課堂教育更好,這是正確答案,這樣就不會有老師偏心的問題。 D.以上的答案都不對。
27. 答案D。
【參考譯文】 黛爾?斯潘德通過什麼證據得出她的這一結論?
【試題分析】 此題爲尋找並理解具體信息題。
【詳細解答】 從文中我們得知是通過她自己及其他教師的課堂錄音記錄。 A. 通過她自己在中學和大學的課堂,顯然不正確。 B. 其他教師的課堂記錄， C. 男性和女性教師的課堂，也不正確。
28. 答案B。
【參考譯文】 女孩得到更多注意時,男孩會有何反應?
【試題分析】 此題考查考生對文章倒數第二段的理解。
【詳細解答】 文中提到他們將會製造一些麻煩並向領導抱怨。 A.他們會再次引起老師的注意。B. 他們會製造麻煩及向領導發牢騷,B是正確答案。C.他們將使老師難看;D.他們將感到他們被老師欺騙, 這只是他們的感受而非反應,因此D也不正確。
29. 答案A。
【試題分析】 此題考查考生根據語境猜測生詞的能力。
【詳細解答】 boisterous 的含義是什麼。 根據下文的unladylike(不像女孩似的),選項中只有rough( 粗魯的)與之詞義接近。 B.勇敢;C.討厭的;D. 感情用事的。
30. 答案A。
【參考譯文】 本文的標題是什麼?
【試題分析】 此題考查考生對文章主旨的理解。
【詳細解答】 A, 男孩是老師的寵物(愛),本文主要篇幅在男生在課堂上如何受偏愛,因此A是正確答案。 B, 男生在混合教育課堂中做得好些。 C, 單性別課堂比混合教育課堂更好。D, 女生比男生做得好。
3
短文大意
本文講的是不同的文化裏有着不同的商業習俗和行爲。如在中東飲用三杯以上的咖啡被認爲是不禮貌的，除非你的主人飲用更多。在中東辦公室裏，不速之客同樣受 歡迎。但在英國則不同。在日本，客人不用對主人說再見就可提早離開晚會。在芬蘭，商務客人可以與主人一起桑拿浴，在阿拉伯國家，說“不” 要說三遍才被接受。而在中國，送禮物給主人意味着侮辱，中國人表達友好的方式是鼓掌歡迎。
31. 答案B。
【參考譯文】 在中東什麼被認爲是風俗習慣?
【試題分析】 此題考查考生對第二段話的理解。
【詳細解答】 A. 飲用至少三杯咖啡是不禮貌的;B,除非你的主人飲用更多的咖啡,如果你飲用三杯以上將被認爲是不禮貌的。在文中提到了,因此爲正確答案。C, 讓主人給你足夠多的咖啡是有禮貌的。D你可以想多早就多早離開晚會是禮貌的。
32. 答案A。
【參考譯文】 在日本,參加晚會的客人將怎麼樣?
【試題分析】 此題爲尋找並理解具體信息題。
【詳細解答】 A.可以不用對主人說再見就可提前離開。在文中日本的習俗就是這樣, 因 此 , A爲正確答案。 B他想呆多久就呆久。C留下來一起與主人游泳,這是另一國家的 習俗。 D立即出示他們的名片,這也是別國的風俗。
33. 答案C。
【參考譯文】 在芬蘭,商務客人可以……
【試題分析】 此題爲細節理解題。
【詳細解答】 A.給主人帶花去( 文章說這不是芬蘭的習俗,因此,不是正確答案)。 B.給主人送昂貴的禮物。 C. 與主人一起游泳或桑拿浴。 D.出示名片。文章只提到了C項內容,故C正確。
34. 答案D。
【參考譯文】 在中國,送禮物給主人意味着什麼?
【試題分析】 此題爲直接尋找信息題。
【詳細解答】 A向主人獻媚;B一種謙虛的行爲;C對讚揚的反應;D是一種侮辱行爲。只有D項在文中提到了,因此D爲正確答案。
35. 答案B。
【參考譯文】 下列陳述中哪一個不正確?
【試題分析】 此題考查綜合全文內容進行判斷的能力。
【詳細解答】 A未被邀請的客人在中東的辦公室還是受歡迎的。這在文中提到過。 B在英國, 商務客人可以在辦公室想呆多久就呆多久。這顯然是不正確的。因此B爲答案。 C在中國，人們鼓掌歡迎進學校的外國人。D在阿拉伯國家,說“不”要說三遍才被接受。 C和D在文中都提到了,因此不可選。
4
短文大意
本文講述的是對非裔美國人的歷史也應該作爲美國曆史的一個重要部分來認識。美國人的生活方式是豐富的，因爲它由許多文化組成，包括非裔美國文化。應當瞭解 每一種文化的真實完全的歷史及其對美國曆史的貢獻，才能走向和平之途。我們不應該僅僅將著名的人物與盎格魯?薩克遜民族聯繫在一起，美國黑人對美國同樣有 很大的貢獻，而這些貢獻應該與白人一樣得到平等的認可。
36. 答案A。
【參考譯文】 第一段的作用是什麼?
【試題分析】 此題考查考生對文章總體結構及大意的把握。
【詳細解答】 A. 寫明主要大意或本文的總結。根據全文可知A爲正確答案。 B.表現出對主題的介紹; C. 提供出關於主題的背景; D.表現出各種各樣的文化對美國曆史的貢獻。
37. 答案C。
【參考譯文】 下列陳述中哪一個是正確的?
【試題分析】 此題爲細節判斷題。
【詳細解答】 Bell,Edison及Salk都是重要的人。從文中我們知道他們都是美國曆史上很有成就的人,因此,A不是正確答案。 B對社會有貢獻的黑人應與他們白人同事得到平等的認可。文中談到的是黑人對美國曆史所作的貢獻應與白人一樣得到平等的認可,因此, B也不是正確答案。 C我們不應該僅僅將著名的人與盎格魯?薩克遜民族聯繫在一起。 從文中我們知道,C爲正確答案。 D. Morgan, Williams及Drew 不是非裔美國人,而文中說他們都是。 因此,D不正確。
38. 答案B。
【試題分析】 此題考查第三段的主要內容。
【詳細解答】 A我們應該反對謠言與中傷。這只是第三段中的一部分, 因此不正確。 B美國人的生活方式是豐富的,因爲它由許多文化組成。這正是文中第三段所告訴我們的,因此爲正確答案。 C有些文化已完全被忽視, 文中並未提到。 D非裔美國人的歷史不太重要,顯然與主題意思相反。
39. 答案C。
【試題分析】 此題考查考生根據上下文推測生詞意思的能力。
【詳細解答】 A圖像;B肖像;C印象;D相似。 image有“圖像”之意,但在本文中,從上下文看不是此意,應爲“印象”之意。
40. 答案D。
【試題分析】 此題考查全文主旨。
【詳細解答】 本文的主要大意是非裔美國人的歷史應該作爲美國曆史中重要的一個部分來認識。 A有許多著名的非裔美國科學家和發明家。B 許多非裔美國人爲美國曆史獻身。 C非裔美國人受美國曆史影響。
Part Ⅲ
41. 答案A。
【參考譯文】 部長一說完就有幾名記者舉手提了一連串的問題。
【試題分析】 此題爲語法題，考查固定搭配。
【詳細解答】 Hardly…when是固定關聯詞組,意爲“一……就……” 類似的有:scarlely…when, no sooner…than, 因此正確答案爲A。
42. 答案B。
【參考譯文】 要不是威廉先生敢於出版的話，這本衆所周知的書不會有如此深遠的影響。
【試題分析】 此題爲語法題，考查虛擬語氣的倒裝結構。
【詳細解答】 此句爲虛擬語氣。由助動詞had置於主語前構成倒裝句, 取代連詞if從句。 本句中had it not been…=if it had not been…
43. 答案B。
【參考譯文】 報紙上的評論比期望的多得多。
【試題分析】 此題爲詞彙題。
【詳細解答】 a lot作爲副詞性短語修飾比較級形容詞more,意爲“……得多”。類似的還有
a little, a bit, much, far等。
44. 答案A。
【參考譯文】 上週你本不該做的，你應該下週再做。
【試題分析】 此題爲語法題，考查虛擬語氣。
【詳細解答】 should後接動詞完成時表示過去不該做的事情實際上已經做了,是虛擬語氣用法。 接動詞原形表示現在與未來的情況,因此,A爲正確答案。
45. 答案B。
【參考譯文】 你父親喜歡打高爾夫球，他真的很熱衷於此。
【試題分析】 此題考查介詞的搭配。
【詳細解答】 enthusiastic熱衷於,後面常接介詞about。
46. 答案D。
【參考譯文】 他們等着要見那位歌星，一直等了幾個小時;飛機一定晚點了。
【試題分析】 此題爲詞義辨析題。
【詳細解答】 on time 準時; ahead of schedule在……時間前 ,提前(ahead of time); behind schedule誤點,脫班,晚點。
47. 答案A。
【參考譯文】 他堅決要求我們大家一點鐘到他的辦公室。
【試題分析】 此題考查賓語從句用虛擬語氣的情況，爲語法題。
【詳細解答】 “insist”一詞意思是“堅決要求”時，後面的句子用虛擬語氣，即賓語從句的謂語用(should)+動詞原形，其實表示“要求”或“建議”的詞後面 的賓語從句一般都要用虛擬語氣，如：suggest, advise, ask, demand, order等等，值得注意的是，當“insist”意思是“堅持認爲”時，後面並不接虛擬語氣。“suggest”作“暗示”講時，也不接虛擬語氣。
48. 答案B。
【參考譯文】 我還沒找到我的書，我不知道我把它怎麼了。
【試題分析】 此題爲語法題。
【詳細解答】 此題考查賓語從句的引導詞。高中時我們就學過“ do with…”，需與“what”搭配，而“deal with”需與“how”搭配，如：what have you done with my camel?這裏“ what”是副詞，意爲“in what way”，“to what degree”。 49. 答案B。
【參考譯文】 昨晚我很早就離開了，但是我很希望我沒有那麼早走。
【試題分析】 此題爲語法題，考查虛擬語氣。
【詳細解答】 此句爲wish的虛擬語氣用法,即wish接從句時,從句謂語用過去時表示所願望的事與現在事實相反; 從句謂語用過去完成時表示所願望的事與過去事實相反。
50. 答案B。
【參考譯文】 如果我能想起誰最後借走了它，我會把它要來給你。
【試題分析】 此題爲詞義辨析題。
【詳細解答】 except that除……之外;if only表示虛擬語氣時,意爲“若……就好了”,不用虛擬語氣時意爲“ 只要……”。on condition that 假使; considering就……而論。 只有B項符合句意。
51. 答案A。
【參考譯文】 我沒有打電話預訂班機，但我本來應該的。
【試題分析】 此題爲語法題。
【詳細解答】 此題後半句的完整結構應爲should have made my airline reservation，簡略表達時,可省略助動詞後的成分。should後面用完成時態表示過去該做的事未做,因此答案爲A。
52. 答案D。
【參考譯文】 他確信那兒上空有飛碟，要不是他親自看見的 話，他是不會相信的。
【試題分析】 此題爲語法題，考查虛擬語氣。
【詳細解答】 本句爲與過去事實相反的假使語氣的條件句子,因此,主句語態(時態)用過去將來完成時,即would (could) +have+PP。因此,答案爲D。
53. 答案C。
【參考譯文】 我猜想瓊斯是不可能在選舉中獲勝了，幾乎所有的市民都投了他的對手的票。
【試題分析】 此題考查詞的搭配。
【詳細解答】 almost all of the people幾乎全部人們;most of all大多數;A項搭配不正確;D項的whole一般不指代人。
54. 答案A。
【參考譯文】 這個農舍會很冷的，一定要把暖氣開着。
【試題分析】 此題爲語法題。
【詳細解答】 make sure (that從句) 確信……, 從句中的動詞用現在時態表示簡單將來時,因此正確答案爲A。
55. 答案A。
【參考譯文】 在通向成功的道路上總會遇到一些絆腳石攔住 了去路的時候。
【試題分析】 此題爲詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 barrier障礙,妨礙物;block大塊物;boundary邊界;accident意外事件。這幾個詞中，A選項含義最貼近。
56. 答案B。
【參考譯文】 所有的人無論年紀大小都有權享受國家醫療保健。
【試題分析】 此題爲詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 be entitled to do sth.“有權做(享受)……”爲固定結構; ask問,請求;willing adj.情願的;required 被要求;A、C、D均不符合句意。
57. 答案D。
【參考譯文】 這位印度導遊預見了前面泥濘路上的危險。
【試題分析】 此題爲詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 ignore 忽視;hear about聽說;warn警告;foresee預言。
58. 答案C。
【參考譯文】 在集會上，他不斷地談論此事，掃了大家的興。
【試題分析】 此題爲詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 in detail詳細地;with ease 輕易地,輕鬆地; on end不停地,無盡地;ina confusing way使人糊塗地。
59. 答案D。
【參考譯文】 他的能幹和經驗使他成爲這項工作極好的人選。
【試題分析】 此題爲詞義辨析題。
【詳細解答】 complacency 自滿; compensation 補償; cooperation 合作;capability能力。
60. 答案A。
【參考譯文】 罷工期間，電被切斷好幾個小時，我們不得不設法用蠟燭來照明。
【試題分析】 此題爲詞彙題。
【詳細解答】 manage with設法對付,想方設法解決;turn…on 開, 打開;carry out執行,完成任務;keep to保持。
61. 答案D。
【參考譯文】 蘇珊似乎對通過考試很自信，她一定考得不錯。
【試題分析】 此題爲語法題。
【詳細解答】 must在本句中表示推斷，後接完成式, 表示對過去發生的事情進行猜測。這種用法僅限於肯定形式。如表示否定的猜測時, 則用can't/could not表示對現在事情的否定猜測; 用have been doing 或can't/couldn't have been done表示對過去事情的否定猜測。因此, 答案爲D。
62. 答案C。
【參考譯文】 “你們班多少人出國了?”“除了一人之外全出國了。”
【試題分析】 此題考查詞的搭配。
【詳細解答】 all but one表示除了一人以外的全部。因此,C爲正確答案。
63. 答案B。
【參考譯文】 我希望比爾開車送我們到火車站，但他的車太小容不下所有的人。
【試題分析】 此題爲語法題。
【詳細解答】 too後接形容詞和名詞時,名詞前必須有不定冠詞, 這一結構的詞序爲:too+adj.+a/an+n.如:how strange a person, so warm a day因此,A,C詞序不對;D項單獨看是正確的,但與後面的to搭配時, 與轉折連詞but無邏輯聯繫。
64. 答案A。
【參考譯文】 天文學家們很高興知道他們關於月球的假定是正確的。
【試題分析】 此題爲詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 supposition n. 假定; description n. 描述, 描繪;philosophy n.哲學; summarization n.概括。
65. 答案A。
【參考譯文】 Lucille近來一直覺得身體不適。
【試題分析】 此題考查詞義辨析。
【詞義辨析】 under the weather生病的,不舒服的;in the weather 在天氣方面;cold冷的;isolated孤立的。
66. 答案C。
【參考譯文】 判斷失誤, 管理糟糕, 導致了這家小公司的破產。
【試題分析】 此題考查詞義辨析。
【詞義辨析】 set another record創新記錄;reduce its production減產;go broke 破產;go down下降
67. 答案D。
【參考譯文】 夏季每天孩子們都去海濱,希望把皮膚曬成美麗的黃褐色。
【試題分析】 此題爲詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 lose失去;help v.幫助;bathe v.洗澡;acquire v.得到。
68. 答案B。
【參考譯文】 現在學生宿舍正在安裝暖氣。
【試題分析】 此題爲語法題。
【詳細解答】 此題考查被動語態的進行式:be+being+PP.(過去分詞)。
69. 答案A。
【參考譯文】 我們知道史密斯先生的日程安排得很緊，但我們相信他至少該爲他的支持者們留點時間。
【試題分析】 此題爲詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 此題爲肯定意義,而little表示否定含義;one time,a time一般不單獨與have搭配。只有A項符合句意。
70. 答案A。
【參考譯文】 除了幾個小公司以外，所有的成員公司都參加了這一計劃。
【試題分析】 此題爲詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 except除……之外,通常與nothing,every,all等詞連用。其後跟的賓語與句子的賓語或主語通常爲並列關係, 如本題的a few small firms與句子主語爲並列關係。又如 I found nothing, except an empty room. (an empty room與句子賓語nothing爲並列關係)。except for除……有, ……之外;besides 除……之外(還);in addition to 除……之外 (還), 同時。此題也可以用except for,但是,若句子前部分有all, everything, no one, nothing等詞時,用except最佳。
Part Ⅳ
71. 答案C。
【試題分析】 此題爲語法題，考查句子結構。
【詳細解答】 根據句意在邏輯上的連續性來看, 此空應與前面一個something相同,即同位語。此處something後接一個定語從句來修飾。
72. 答案B。
【試題分析】 此題爲語法題。
【詳細解答】 that引導定語從句,前面不能加介詞;引導賓語從句時,that 不作從句成分,而此空中的詞作needs的賓語。what在賓語從句中作needs的賓語,表示不具體的“東西”,因此爲正確答案。若選 which,which應爲關係代詞引導定語從句,而此句無先行詞,故不可選,how在從句中作狀語, 不符合語境。
73. 答案A。
【試題分析】 此題考查固定搭配。
【詳細解答】 in one's (own) way“以某人(自己)的方式”是固定搭配。 B. case案件,情況,與文章意思不符。選C. method,無意義。D.口味,胃口,不相符。
74. 答案C。
【參考譯文】 每個人都有用自己的方式看、聽、觸、嘗及爲自己着想的能力。
【試題分析】 此題考查對句意的理解。
【詳細解答】 think of想起,認爲; 無think to搭配;think for表示“爲…… 着想”,符合原文含義,爲正確答案;think about與of所表達的含義相近。
75. 答案C。
【試題分析】 此題考查詞義辨析。
【詞義辨析】 空後的capabilities and limitation就是對所填之詞的解釋,因此potentials“潛力”爲最佳選擇項。A.可能性;B.能力(只說明一個方面) D.能量。
76. 答案D。
【試題分析】 此題考查考生的語感。
【詳細解答】 此空缺主語,選項中只有C不能作主語。上文的句式皆爲each 引出的平行結構,據此,可猜出這兒也填Each。
77. 答案A。
【試題分析】 此題考查考生的語感。
【詳細解答】 thinking意爲“有思想的”,根據語境,此空應爲形容詞。 它與其他幾個形容詞一起並列作定語顯然只有A項符合。
78. 答案B。
【參考譯文】 每個人都有權力作爲一個重要的、有思想的、有意識、有創造力、有作爲的人——贏家。
【試題分析】 此題考查詞性詞義辨析。
【詳細解答】 此題四個選項中只有B項能夠修飾person。因此, 從修飾關係或詞語搭配上可以選定正確答案B。 productive adj. 有創造性的。 produce v.生產; product名詞,產品; productivity創造性。
79. 答案B。
【試題分析】 此題考查固定搭配。
【詳細解答】 這一題考介動詞搭配,refer to“指的是,指,參考”爲固定搭配。 其他三個介詞均不與refer搭配。
80. 答案D。
【試題分析】 此題爲語法結構題。
【詳細解答】 此題考查定語從句。 one 後面的分句缺主語;one代替person, 故引導詞用who;whose不引導定語從句;which引導定語從句時代替物。
81. 答案D。
【試題分析】 此題考查介詞用法。
【詳細解答】 表示“通過……方法(式)”時常用by(或through)+doing結構。
82. 答案A。
【參考譯文】 我們說某個人是贏家並不是說這個人通過打敗另一個人使之失敗。
【試題分析】 此題考查對句子結構及句意的理解。
【詳細解答】 本題考查動詞的ing形式作介賓,並列連詞and並列的成分在形式與功能上都應相同。and前爲winning,此空也應爲ing形式;letting詞義不符合語境。
83. 答案C。
【試題分析】 此題考查考生的語感。
【詳細解答】 根據being 和形容詞trustworthy 可推測該空一定是形容詞。credit v.相信;believing相信( 現在分詞) credible adj. 可信的;believed被相信的。
84. 答案B。
【試題分析】 此題考查固定結構。
【詳細解答】 此題考查both…and結構。該空後面由and聯接兩個as, 選項中只有both與and形成正確搭配。
85. 答案A。
【參考譯文】 對我們而言，贏家就是無論作爲個體或社會這個集體的一員都能真正地靈活地作出可靠的、值得依賴的、真實的反應。
【試題分析】 此題爲詞義辨析題。
【詞義辨析】 前文提到的是個人,與之對應的應是社會,因此A爲正確答案。 B集團;C社區,團體;D政黨,黨派。
86. 答案D。
【試題分析】 此題考查詞的搭配。
【詳細解答】 動詞talk, tell, speak 一般都不與idea 搭配。 express the/ones idea表達觀點。
87. 答案B。
【參考譯文】 Martin Buber在講述一個猶太教士的故事時表達了這一觀點，那位教士臨死前視自己爲輸家。
【試題分析】 此題考查習慣用法。
【詳細解答】 death bed是習慣用語,意爲“臨終,人死之前睡的牀”。
88. 答案C。
【參考譯文】 這位猶太教士惋惜地說，未來世界的人不會問他爲什麼不是摩西，而是問他爲什麼不是他自己。
【試題分析】 此題爲語法題，考查反身代詞的用法。
【詳細解答】 反身代詞可以作表語。he wasn't後面接himself 反身代詞他自己。
89. 答案A。
【試題分析】 此題考查固定搭配。
【詳細解答】 此空考固定搭配。It is a matter of事實上是……，因此A 爲正確答案。case事實,案件
90. 答案D。
【試題分析】 此題考代詞的用法。
【詳細解答】 此空考代詞。 從文章上文中可知道此空的詞代前文所提到的事情。因此D爲正確答案。
Part Ⅴ 寫作指導
關於成功之路有很多說法，但考生必須緊扣題綱。第一段寫每個人都試圖在事業上獲得成功，這是一個普遍的現象。該如何就這一點進行展開呢 ?考生在此不能長篇大論地舉例說明，因爲這是引言段，可以由第一句很自然地想到，並不是每個人都會成功，爲什麼呢?由這個問題可以引出文章的主旨，即成功 者都不顧艱難困苦，堅持不懈直到最後成功，而失敗者卻常常半途而廢。這句話也起了引出下文的作用。第二段，首先接着上文所說，自然地引出意志堅強，鍥而不捨，勤奮進取是成功的三大要素。作爲本段的主題句要論證這一觀點，可以用例證法，這裏要注意語言簡潔，例子要典型。第三段是由考生表明自己對成功之路的觀 點，實際上是對前文的一個結論。功夫不負有心人，成功屬於那些堅持不懈，努力進取的人，最後點題，這就是成功之路。
Sample Writing
The Way to Success
Everyone tries to achieve success in his career, but someone finally attains his aim while the other fails. Why? The successful one continues his cause to the end through long period of hard work, but the failure one is easily disappointed and stops halfway.
strong will, perseverance and diligence are the three essentials of success. A man of strong will and perseverance always has an inflexible spirit. He sticks to his cause no matter how tough it might be. Sun Zhongshan was such a man. Many of his attempts failed, but he held to his purpose with firmness and at last he succeeded. Diligence means steadiness in one's work and study. Marx often worked 15 hours a day. Life is short and we have too much to do. Without diligence no one can achieve anything.
I believe that where there is a will there is a way and that success belongs to whoever can put up with long years of patient toil and constant effort. This is the way to success.
備考推薦：滬江網校8週年 助力“碾壓”四級
