託業語法輔導：名詞詞組與動名詞
英語語法的學習需要我們長期的學習和訓練，爲了幫助大家在託業考試語法題中不丟分，下面小編給大家帶來託業語法輔導：名詞詞組與動名詞。
託業語法輔導：名詞詞組與動名詞
名詞短語或動名詞主句(或者從句)中做主語或者賓語。
A.語法複習由名詞構成名詞詞組的幾種方法
1. n. + adj.短語，如the jobs available to women
2. n. +介詞短語，如a child with reading problem
3. adv. + v.-ed + n.，如seemingly limited number
4. n. + v.-ed短語或者-ing短語
5. n. of sth
B.例題?
例題1(1999年1月考題)____in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water.
(A) Plants are widely spaced
(B) The spacing of plants is wide
(C) Plants to be spaced widely
(D) The wide spacing of plants
首先分析句子結構。該句的主幹是：is due to the limited supply.這裏，句子缺主語。所以，空格中應該填入名詞或者名詞詞組。選項A和B都是完整的主謂結構，而非名詞或名詞詞組。根據due to的用法，我們又能排除C，所以正確答案是D.
例題2(1999年1月考題)
Most leaves are coated with a waterproof _____， or cuticle.
(A) that the covering
(B) and is covering
(C) covering
(D) by covering
這已經是一個簡單的句子結構，即主謂完整。如果你認識waterproof這個詞，你就知道空格里應該填入名詞。因爲waterproof是形容詞，它只能修飾名詞或者動名詞。(這裏的waterproof不能表示類別做名詞，因爲前面的冠詞是a而不是the)你也可以根據平行結構，由or cuticle判斷空格里應該填入名詞或者動名詞。(cuticle：表皮)而4個選項中只有C是名詞或者動名詞。?
例題3(1999年8月考題)
The term belles-lettres is used to denote literary forms that contain_____， such as drama， poetry， essays， and novels.
(A) artistic， creative writing
(B) writing that artistic， creative
(C) artistic， creative， and writing
(D) them is artistic， creative writing
首先，分析句子結構。該句子的主幹是：The term belles-lettres is used to denote literary forms.後面的that引導的從句修飾名詞詞組literary forms，contain是動詞(包含)，後面應該帶名詞或名詞詞組。不但如此，such as這個短語引出的drama， poetry， essays， and novels應該是空格的同位語，再次說明空格內應填入名詞或名詞詞組。選項A正好是能做contain的賓語的名詞短語。其中，形容詞artistic和creative修飾動名詞writing，組成名詞詞組。選項B中的that後面缺少助動詞is.選項D也能構築一個完整的句子結構，但是表達甚是累贅，而且代詞them指代錯誤(them指代forms)。所以，正確答案是A.?
例題4(1999年8月考題)
Paul Samuelson revolutionized _____by presenting his students with the most advanced economic thinking at an introductory level.
(A) to teach economics
(B) the teaching of economics
(C) teaching that economics is
(D) economics is taught
首先，分析句子結構。空格後的by引導的動作做方式狀語(by presenting his students with the most advanced economic thinking as an introductory level)，句子的主幹是Paul Samuelson revolutionized ______.由動詞revolutionized(對……進行革命)的用法得出，其後應該填入名詞或者名詞詞組，以構成完整的主謂賓結構(如果謂語動詞作及物動詞，句子的完整結構應該包含主謂賓結構;如果謂語動詞作非及物動詞，句子的完整結構是主謂結構)。對於選項A，動詞revolutionize並沒有revolutionize to do sth的用法，也就是說revolution做動詞時，即revolutionize是及物動詞，後不加不定式。選項B正好是可構成賓語的名詞詞組。對於選項C，其中的that economics is用法錯誤，因爲它不能當從句修飾可做名詞的動名詞teaching.而對於選項D，它是一個完整的主謂結構，填入空格中根本沒法形成一個結構合理的句子。
託業考試語法題練習
1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.
A. in disease
B. that disease
C. of disease
D. about disease
答案:B
分析:動詞believe 的用法:直接加that引導的賓語從句.這裏that爲連接adv.,在句中不作任何成分,其後接完整句.
參考譯文:大多數殖民時期的醫生認爲疾病來源人體內不平衡的體液.
2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
A. she was the first woman to conduct
B. the first woman conductor
C. the woman was first conducting
D. the woman conducts first
答案:B
分析:缺賓語,答案中只有B,D可以作賓語,但D的語序不對.
參考譯文:1976,Sarah Caldwell成爲在第一個在紐約Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家.
補充: 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth
3. On January 7, 1955, Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.
A. the first African American
B. the first African American was
C. she was the first African American
D. when the first African American
答案:A
分析:缺賓語,C, D都不能作賓語.一句話中只能有一個謂語,而B中有was,句中出現兩個謂語,一定錯.
參考譯文:1955年1月7號,Marian Anderson成爲在第一個在紐約Metropolitan Opera House擔任主唱的美籍黑人.
4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States, _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
A. and accelerated a phenomenon
B. a phenomenon that accelerated
C. accelerating a phenomenon which,
D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
答案:B
分析:考的是同位語結構,a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位語.A中and爲conj.,後面應該連接一個完整的句子,但缺主語,錯;C中語序混亂,錯; D中of which作爲介詞賓語,後面應該接一個完整句,但只有一個phenomenon主語,句子不完整,錯.
參考譯文:可能戰後最重大的趨勢就是美國城市的分散化,當大規模高速公路建設項目容許了更大程度的發展郊區,這個現象更被促進了.
補充: accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接賓語
5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
A. he became
B. when becoming
C. beca ame
D. did he become
答案:A
分析:before爲狀語從句引導詞conj,後面一般引導一個完整的句子.B同時出現兩個狀語從句引導詞,錯;C缺主語;D應該爲正常語序,選項中使用了倒裝句式,錯.
6. _________, domesticated grapes grow in clusters, range in color from pale green to black, and contain sugar in varying quantities.
A. Their botanical classification as berries
B. Although their botanical classification as berries
C. Because berries being their botanical classification
D. Classified botanically as berries
答案:D
分析:句子的主語是grapes , 後面是平行結構grow…, range…, and contain….空格後的句子已完整,那麼空格處就應該是同位語,狀語從句,分詞等修飾成分.A中Their指代不明,而且classification和berries也不相符,錯;B中Although爲conj.,後面應該是完整句,錯;C中Because爲conj.,後面應該是完整句,錯.
參考譯文:培植的葡萄的植物分類跟漿果是一樣的,它們成串的長在樹上,顏色從灰白色到黑色,並且包含由不同數量的糖份.
7. The cymbal is_________in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
A. a basic instrument
B. basic instrument
C. how basic an instrument it is
D. as an instrument is basic
答案:A
分析:instrument可數,前面應該有限定詞前爲一簡單句.
參考譯文:鐃鈸在軍樂隊裏是一個基本的樂器,而且還經常在現代管絃樂裏使用.
8. In instrumentalist philosophy, ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes: they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
A. as they are
B. are they
C. there are
D. are
答案:A
分析:兩個謂語需要有一個conj.來連接.一個句子中出現2個謂語且沒有連接詞就一定錯.
參考譯文:在樂器演奏家的哲學裏面,思想和知識是專有排外性的功能性的過程.他們的重要意義僅限於在經驗發展的過程中,用於樂器演奏.
9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen, and most do both.
A. Working fire extinguishers
B. Fire extinguishers that work
C. Fire extinguishers work
D. The work of fire extinguishers
答案:C
分析:空格中缺主謂.A中沒有謂語;B中that多餘,因爲句中只有一個謂語;D也沒有謂語.
參考譯文:滅火器的通過冷卻或者減少火中的氧氣的方法工作的,大多數時候兩個方法都會用到.
10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.
A. to purchase their own automobiles
B. their own to purchase automobiles
C. to their own purchase automobiles
D. own their automobiles to purchase
答案:A
分析:爲固定結構enable sb to do sth.
參考譯文:規模生產方法的產生,使得人們能夠買自己的車,並獲得了空前的靈活性。
託業關鍵詞彙短語與句型
1. “家庭話題”關鍵詞彙、短語和常用句型
2. 實例： Narrator：
Now first listen to a conversation about the family and say something about Brian‘s family.
Please Listen Carefully.
Lin： Brian， what‘s up? You look unhappy.
Brian： Oh， nothing particular， Lin. Just that I miss my family terribly.
Lin： Me too. How many people are there in your family?
Brian： Four. My parents， my elder sister and I.
Lin： What do they do?
Brian： My father works in a computer company， and my mother is a nurse. My older sister studies in Beijing， and we email each other fairly often.
Lin： Are your parents strict with you?
Brian： Yes， I think so. When I was at home， I had to clean my own room， help with house chores， finish my homework before dinner time， get back home no later than 9：00 in the evening， and so no.
Lin： That‘s good for you. Do you get along well with your family?
Brian： Sure. I‘m lucky to live in a strict yet loving family. I love them.
Narrator：
You may begin to prepare your response after the beep.
[2 seconds beep]
Preparation time： 15 seconds
Response time： 45 seconds
Narrator：
Please begin speaking after the beep.
[2 seconds beep]
Suggested Answer：
There are four members in Brian‘s family， his father， his mother， the elder sister and him. His father works in a computer company， and his mother is a nurse in a hospital. His older sister studies in Beijing， and they get in touch with each other by email. His parents are strict with him. When he was at home， he had to clean his own room， help with house chores， finish his homework before dinner time and get back home before 9：00. In short， Brian lives in a strict yet loving family.
閱讀輔導：託業閱讀方法指導
一、單詞：準備單詞卡片，循環背誦
一般託業閱讀中涉及詞彙量比較大，考生至少具備4000左右詞彙量。單詞貧乏的考生，一定要及時補充詞彙，打下紮實的基礎。在應試時很容易遺忘或混淆單詞的意義，爲了避免類似情況發生，一定要加強單詞意義的理解。對此，考生可以製作單詞卡片，正反面各寫英文和中文解釋。制訂計劃每天背一定量的生詞，循環背誦並不斷補充。當然，最有效的是閱讀文章時記憶單詞。
二、句子：參考上下文，分析主謂結構
在句子理解方面，考生最容易犯的錯誤就是根據自己已有經驗片面理解。在閱讀中有的題目考的是對於文章中某一句子的理解，要參考上下文客觀地看問題。考生應對一些複合句，尤其是雙重否定句、比較句、指代句等有較深瞭解。特別在遇到複雜句時，應靜心思考，從把握句子主幹一一主謂結構着手來分析解剖句子結構。
三、閱讀掃描全文，做出標記
在閱讀考試中要追求速度(speed)與準確度(accuracy)的完美結合。快而不準或準而太慢都會影響考分。考生在勤奮練習的時候掌握一些閱讀技巧將達到事半功倍的效果。快速閱讀最關鍵的是在掃描全文的時候把握每段的主旨，並做出標記，在看完全文後對文章的結構主題有大致的瞭解。此外，考生以單詞爲單位看文章，遇生詞就停頓等壞習慣都要極力避免。
