英語四級段落信息匹配題及答案
如英語儼然也成爲了一門必修必須掌握的學科，英語四級已經成爲大學生們很基本的一門考試了，今天本站小編在這裏爲大家分享一些英語四級段落信息匹配題，歡迎大家閱讀!
Paper--More than Meets the Eye
A) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.
B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.
C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based.
Paper from Wood
D) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerfulmachinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will addbleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.
E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something calledlignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of notgreater than fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.
F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper?" The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.
G) It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!
H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.
I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way.
J) Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end.
Paper from Rag
K) Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives.
L) A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.
M) The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home possible.
1. The corn-flake packet is cheaper than high grade card.
2. There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper, but the superiority ones are soft wood, cotton and rags.
3. During the whole manufacturing process, the final product is made from a pulp of cellulose fibres.
4. In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add bleach.
5. Liguin is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break.
6. Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree.
7. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials.
8. If the lignin is removed from the paper, the paper will be more expensive.
9. Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paper because there is much less cotton and rag than trees.
10. What we can learn from "Paper from Rag" is that you had better buy archival materials from specialist suppliers.
答案參考：
1. B 根據題幹中的信息提示詞corn—flake packet,high grade card,可定位到文章第二段，該部分最後提到corn-flake packet在製造過程中比高等級的紙(high grade card)便宜.
2. C 根據題幹中的信息提示詞soft wood，cotton and rags，可定位到文章第三段最後一句。
3. D 根據題幹中的信息提示詞final product，可將答案定位到D段，第二、三句提到最後的產品來源於纖維素紙漿。
4. D 根據題幹中的信息提示詞white paper and card，可將答案定位到D段，該部分最後提到爲了得到白紙，紙張生產者在製造過程中添加了漂白粉和其他化學物質。
5. E 根據題幹中的信息提示詞essential for the tree，可將答案定位到E段，該部分提到木質素是木頭的主要組成物，其作用是凝聚纖維素，但它會使紙張變得易碎。
6. F 根據題幹中的信息提示詞lignin，可將答案定位到F段，該部分最後提到許多紙張生產者在生產過程中會保留木質素，主要是因爲它會增加樹木的造紙產量。
7. G 根據題幹中的信息提示詞acid，可將答案定位到G段，該部分最後提到酸對相紙的原料尤其不利。
8. F 根據題幹中的信息提示詞lignin和paper可定位到文章的F段，因爲該段提到，如果在紙張的生產中去除木質素，將會降低樹木出產紙張的量，由此可以知道，去除了木質素的紙張價格必定會更加昂貴。
9. K 根據題幹中的信息提示詞cotton and rag waste可定位到文章的K段，該部分告訴我們，儘管用棉花和破布料造的紙裏沒有木質素，但它們要比木製的紙貴很多，這是因爲棉花和破布料的數量比樹木少得多，由此可以得出答案。
10. M 根據題幹中的信息提示詞Paper from Ra9可定位到文章的最後一段，該部分提出最好到專業的供應商那裏去買檔案材料，由此可以得出答案。
英語四級段落信息匹配題篇2Endangered Peoples
A) Today, it is not distance, but culture that separates the peoples of the world. The central question of our time may be how to deal with cultural differences. So begins the book, Endangered Peoples, by Art Davidson. It is an attempt to provide understanding of the issues affecting the world's native peoples. This book tells the stories of 21 tribes, cultures, and cultural areas that are struggling to survive. It tells each story through the voice of a member of the tribe . Davidson recorded their words. Art Wolfe and John Isaac took pictures of them. The organization called the Sierra Club published the book.
B) The native groups live far apart in North America or South America, Africa or Asia. Yet their situations are similar. They are fighting the march of progress in an effort to keep themselves and their cultures alive. Some of them follow ancient ways most of the time. Some follow modern ways most of the time. They have one foot in ancient world and one foot in modern world. They hope to continue to balance between these two worlds. Yet the pressures to forget their traditions and join the modern world may be too great.
C) Rigoberta Menchu of Guatemala, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, offers her thoughts in the beginning of the book Endangered Peoples. She notes that many people claim that native people are like stories from the past. They are ruins that have died. She disagrees strongly. She says native communities are not remains of the past. They have a future, and they have much wisdom and richness to offer the rest of the world.
D) Art Davidson traveled thousands of miles around the world while working on the book. He talked to many people to gather their thoughts and feelings. Mr. Davidson notes that their desires are the same. People want to remain themselves~ he says. They want to raise their children the way they were raised. They want their children to speak their mother tongue, their own language. They want them to have their parents' values and customs. Mr. Davidson says the people's cries are the same: "Does our culture have to die? Do we have to disappear as a people?"
E) Art Davidson lived for more than 25 years among native people in the American state of Alaska. He says his interest in native peoples began his boyhood when he found an ancient stone arrowhead. The arrowhead was used as a weapon to hunt food. The hunter was an American Indian, long dead. Mr. Davidson realized then that Indians had lived in the state of Colorado, right where he was standing. And it was then, he says, that he first wondered: "Where are they? Where did they go? "He found answers to his early question. Many of the native peoples had disappeared. They were forced off their lands. Or they were killed in battle. Or they died from diseases brought by new settlers. Other native peoples remained, but they had to fight to survive the pressures of the modern world.
F) The Gwich'in are an example of the survivors. They have lived in what is now Alaska and Canada for 10,000 years. Now about 5,000 Gwich'in remain. They are mainly hunters. They hunt the caribou, a large deer with big horns that travels across the huge spaces of the far north. For centuries, they have used all parts of the caribou: the meat for food, the skins for clothes, the bones for tools. Hunting caribou is the way of life of the Gwich'in.
G) One Gwich'in told Art Davidson of memories from his childhood. It was a time when the tribe lived quietly in its own corner of the world. He spoke to Mr. Davidson in these words: "As long as I can remember, someone would sit by a fire on the hilltop every spring and autumn. His job was to look for caribou. If he saw a caribou, he would wave his arms or he would make his fire to give off more smoke. Then the village would come to life! People ran up to the hilltop. The tribes seemed to be at its best at these gatherings. We were all filled with happiness and sharing!"
H) About ten years ago, the modern world invaded the quiet world of the Gwich' in. Oil companies wanted to drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. This area was the please where the caribou gave birth to their young. The Gwich'in feared the caribou would disappear. One Gwich' in woman describes the situation in these words: "Oil development threatens the caribou. If the caribou are threatened, then the people are threatened. Oil company official and American lawmakers do not seem to understand. They do not come into our homes and share our food. They have never tried to understand the feeling expressed in our songs and our prayers. They have not seen the old people cry. Our elders have seen parts of our culture destroyed. They worry that our people may disappear forever."
I) A scientist with a British oil company dismisses (駁回，打消) the fears of the Gwich'in. He also says they have no choice. They will have to change. The Gwich' in, however, are resisting. They took legal action to stop the oil companies. But they won only a temporary ban on oil development in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. Pressures continue on other native people, as Art Davidson describes in his book. The pressures come from expanding populations, dam projects that flood tribal lands, and political and economic conflicts threaten the culture, lands, and lives of such groups as the Quechua of Peru, the Malagasy of Madagascar and the Ainu of Japan.
J) The organization called Cultural Survival has been in existence for 22 years. It tries to protect the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world. It has about 12,000 members. And it receives help from a large number of students who work without pay. Theodore MacDonald is director of the Cultural Survival Research Center. He says the organization has three main jobs. It does research and publishes information. It works with native people directly. And it creates markets for goods produced by native communities.
K) Late last year, Cultural Survival published a book called State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger. The book contains reports from researchers who work for Cultural Survival, from experts on native peoples, and from native peoples themselves. The book describes the conditions of different native and minority groups. It includes longer reports about several threatened societies, including the Penan of Malaysia and the Anishina be of North American. And it provides the names of organizations similar to Cultural Survival for activists, researchers and the press.
L) David May bury-Lewis started the Cultural Survival organization. Mr. May bury-Lewis believes powerful groups rob native peoples of their lives, lands, or resources. About 6,000 groups are left in the world. A native group is one that has its own langue. It has a long-term link to a homeland. And it has governed itself. Theodore MacDonald says Cultural Survival works to protect the rights of groups, not just individual people. He says the organization would like to develop a system of early warnings when these rights are threatened . MacDonald notes that conflicts between different groups within a country have been going on forever and will continue. Such conflicts, he says, cannot be prevented. But they do not have to become violent. What Cultural Survival wants is to help set up methods that lead to peaceful negotiations of traditional differences. These methods, he says, are a lot less costly than war. 46. Rigoberta Menchu, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, writes preface for the book Endangered Peoples.
47. The book Endangered Peoples contents not only words, but also pictures.
48. Art Davidson's initial interest in native people was aroused by an ancient stone arrowhead he found in his childhood, which was once used by an American Indian hunter.
49. The native groups are trying very hard to balance between the ancient world and the modern world.
50. By talking with them, Art Davidson finds that the native people throughout the world desire to remain themselves.
51. Most of the Gwich'in are hunters, who live on hunting caribou.
52. Cultural Survival is an organization which aims at protecting the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world.
53. According to Theodore MacDonald, the Cultural Survival organization d like to develop a system of early warnings when a society's rights are to be violated.
54. The book State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger describes the conditions of different native and minority groups.
55. The Gwich' in tried to stop oil companies from drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve for fear that it should drive the caribou away.答案解析 答案詳解：
A)現在，是文化而非距離將世界各民族分隔開。我們時代的中心問題也許是怎樣對待文化差異。讓我們從Art Davidson的著作《瀕危民族》說起。該書試圖幫助人們瞭解影響世界土著民族的諸多問題。本書講述了爲了生存而苦苦掙扎的21個部落、不同的文化和文化區的故事。每個故事都以部落成員的口吻敘述。【47】Davidson先生記錄了他們的述說，Art Wolfe 和Jonhn Isaac拍攝照片，一個名爲塞拉俱樂部的組織出版了這本書。
B)土著民族分佈在北美或南美，非洲或亞洲，相距甚遠。然而，他們所處的情況卻相差無幾。爲了生存，爲了文化的傳承，他們奮力反抗前進的步伐。很多時候，他們中有些人遵循古老的生活方式，也有些人接受現代方式。【49】他們處在古代世界和現代世界之間。他們希望繼續保持這兩個世界的平衡。但是。拋棄傳統、融入現代世界的壓力非常大。
C)【46】危地馬拉的Rigoberta Menchu女士是1992年諾貝爾和平獎的得主。她在《瀕危民族》這本書的序言中提出了自己的觀點。她指出，很多人認爲土著民族就像是過去的故事，已遭破壞並消亡。她強烈反對這種觀點。她認爲土著民族並非過去歲月的殘留。他們有未來，他們能爲世界其他民族貢獻自己很多的智慧和財富。
D)Art Davidson撰寫《瀕危民族》時，行走了數千英里路，遊覽了世界各地。他和各種人交談，瞭解他們的思想和情感。【50】Davidson先生髮現他們有着共同的願望。他說，人們希望他們的民族可以延續。他們希望按照父母養育自己的方式養育孩子;他們希望孩子會講母語——他們本民族的語言;他們希望孩子可以繼承父輩們的價值觀和習俗。Davidson先生指出，各民族的呼聲是相同的：“我們的文化必須消亡嗎?我們的民族必須消失嗎?”
E)【48】Are Davidson在美國阿拉斯加州的土著民族中生活了25年多。他說小時候他發現過一個非常古老的石制箭頭，從那時起，就激起了他對土著民族的興趣。這個石箭頭是被用作武器來獵食的。獵人是一位早已作古的美洲印第安人。接着，Davidson先生意識到當時的印第安人就生活在科羅拉多州， 他正站着的那片地方。他說，那時他第一次想知道：“他們在哪裏?他們又去了何方?”他找到了這些問題的答案。許多土著民族已經消失。他們被迫遠走他鄉。或者，他們已經戰亡。又或者他們死於新來的移民攜帶的疾病。其他土著民族雖然存活下來了，但是他們爲了生存必須與現代世界的壓力作鬥爭。
F)哥威迅人就是存活下來的一個例證。他們在現在的阿拉斯加和加拿大居住已有10000年。l511現在，哥威迅族的人口大概有5000，主要以狩獵爲生。他們捕獵馴鹿，這種鹿體型較大，長着一對巨大的角，出沒於最北邊的廣闊地區。數百年來，他們對馴鹿身上的各部分都加以利用：肉用作食物，皮用來做衣服，骨頭用來製作工具。狩獵馴鹿就是哥威迅人的生活方式。
G)一個哥威迅人向Art Davidson訴說了他童年以來的記憶。當時，部落還默默地生活在世界上屬於他們自己的角落。他這樣對Davidson先生說：“在我的記憶中，每個春秋都有人坐在山頂的火堆旁。他的工作就是尋找馴鹿。如果他看到了馴鹿，就揮舞手臂。或者生火，用煙作信號。然後，村民們就會活躍起來。他們跑向山頂。這時候，部落裏的人是最高興的。我們都沉浸在幸福和分享的喜悅中。”
H)大約十年前，現代世界打破了哥威迅人的平靜生活。【55】石油企業想在北極國家野生動物保護區勘探 石油。這片區域是馴鹿繁殖下一代的她方。哥威迅人擔心馴鹿會消失。一位哥威迅婦女這樣描述這種 情形：“石油勘探對馴鹿造成威脅。如果馴鹿受到威脅，那麼人也將受到威脅。石油企業的管理者和美 國的立法者似乎並不理解這點。他們不來我們的家裏，不和我們分享食物。他們從未試圖瞭解我們的 民謠和祈禱中所要傳達的感情。他們看不到祖輩們的眼淚。我們的父輩見證了我們的某些文化被摧毀。他們擔心，我們的民族也許會永遠消失。”
I) 英國石油公司的一位科學家打消了哥威迅人的擔憂。他還指出他們沒有選擇，他們必須得改變。然而，哥威迅人拒絕這種改變。他們藉助法律手段，阻止石油公司的開採。但是，國家只是禁止在北極國家野生動物保護區鑽探石油，他們的勝利只是短暫性的。其他土著民族仍舊面臨着這種壓力，就像Art Davidson在書中描寫的那樣。這種壓力來自日益增多的人口、淹沒族地的水壩工程和政治經濟衝突。祕魯的蓋丘亞族、馬達加斯加的馬達加斯加人和日本的阿伊努人，他們的文化、領土和生活都面臨着政治經濟衝突的威脅。
J)【52】文化拯救協會這一組織成立22年了。它試圖保護世界各民族的權利和文化，擁有大約l2，000名成員。很多學生都是它的義工。Theodore MacDonald是文化拯救研究中心的董事。他指出該組織有三項主要工作：開展調研，披露信息;直接與土著民族接觸;爲土著民族的產品開拓市場。
K)去年年底，文化拯救協會出版了一本書，名爲《民族現狀：世界瀕危民族的人權報告》。本書內容包括文化拯救協會調研人員和該領域其他專家的報告，也包括土著人自己的述說。【54】該書描寫了不同土著民族和少數民族的生存現狀。其中，對幾個瀕危民族，包括馬來西亞的本南族和北美的安尼施納比族做了詳盡的介紹，併爲對這方面有濃厚興趣的人、研?a href="">咳嗽焙託攣琶教褰檣芰思復笞櫓梗湫災世嗨樸諼幕刃帷?/p>
L)David May bury-Lewis創辦了文化拯救協會。May bury-Lewis先生認爲，其他更強大的民族威脅土著居民的生命，掠奪他們的土地和資源。世界上大約有6，000個民族。土著民族擁有自己的語言，長期居於某地，自我管轄。1531 Theodore MacDonaM指出文化拯裁協會旨在保護各民族的權利，並不是只保護個人權利。他說，該組織欲建立一個早期預警系統，當這些農權利遭到威脅對向人們提磚警告。MacDonald先生認爲，國家內部各民族之間的衝突由來已久，並還將繼續。這種衝突無法阻止，但並不一定要演變成暴力。文化拯救協會正致力於尋找方法，以和平協商方對待傳統文化差異。他說，研究這些方法的代價比戰爭要低得多。
46. Rigoberta Menchu, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, writes preface for the book Endangered Peoples. 1992年諾貝爾和平獎的得主Rigoberta Menchu女士爲《瀕危民族》這本書作序。
【解析】 C)。細節題。根據句中關鍵詞Rgoberta Menchu可定位至c)段首句。危地馬拉的Rigoberta Menchu女士是1992年諾貝爾和平獎的得主。她在《瀕危民族》這本書的序言中提出了自己的觀點。由此可見 Rigoberta Menchu女士爲《瀕危民族》這本書作序。
47. The book Endangered Peoples contents not only words, but also pictures.
《瀕危民族》這本書不僅包括文字，還包括圖片。
【解析】 A)。細節題。本題着眼點在The book Endangered Peoples，因此鎖定有關這本書的介紹信息， 可定位至首段。該段末句是：Davidson先生記錄了他們的述說，Art Wolfe和John Isaac拍攝照片，一個名爲塞拉俱樂部的組織出版了這本書。由此可知，這本書不僅有文字而且還有圖片。
48. Art Davidson's initial interest in native people was aroused by an ancient stone arrowhead he found in his child- hood, which was once used by an American Indian Davidson最初開始對土著民族感興趣，源自小時候見到的一個美洲印第安獵人用過的石制箭頭。
【解析】E)。細節題。根據句中關鍵詞in the interesting native people和an ancient stone arrowhead可定位至E)段。他說小時候他發現過一個非常古老的石制箭頭，從那時起，就激起了他對土著民族的興趣。這個石箭頭是被用作武器來獵食的。獵人是一位早已作古的美洲印第安人。
49. The native groups are trying very hard to balance between the ancient world and the modem world.
土著民族艱難地嘗試在古今世界之間尋求平衡。
【解析】 B)。細節題。根據句中關鍵詞the native groups和balance between the ancient world and the mod- em world可定位至B)段後三句。他們處在古代世界和現代世界之間。他們希望繼續保持這兩個世界的平衡。但是，拋棄傳統、融入現代世界的壓力非常大。
50. By talking with them, Art Davidson finds that the native people throughout the world desire to remain themselves.
通過交談，Art Davidson得知所有的土著居民都希望自己的民族得以存續。
【解析】D)。細節題。根據句中關鍵詞the native people，desire和remain themselves可定位至D)段。 Davidson先生髮現他們有着共同的願望。他說，人們希望他們的民族可以延續。
51. Most of the Gwich'in are hunters, who live on hunting caribou.
哥威迅族人絕大部分是獵人，以狩獵馴鹿爲生。
【解析】F)。細節題。根據句中關鍵詞the Gwich in和hunting caribou可定位至F)段。與句中意思一致的兩句話是：現在，哥威迅族的人口大概有5000，主要以狩獵爲生。狩獵馴鹿就是哥威迅人的生活方式。
52. Cultural Survival is an organization which aims at protecting the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world.文化拯救協會組織旨在保護世界各民族的權利和文化。
【解析】J)。細節題。根據句中關鍵詞Cultural Survival和protecting the rights and cultures of peoples可定位至J)段的前兩句。文化拯救協會這一組織已成立22年了。它試圖保護世界各民族的權利和文化。
53. According to Theodore MacDonald, the Cultural Survival organization would like to develop a system of early warnings when a society's rights are to be violated.
Theodore MacDonald 稱：文化拯救協會欲建立一個早期預警系統。
【解析】L)。細節題。根據句中關鍵詞Theodore MacDonal和a system ofearly warnings可定位至末段中間部分。Theodore MacDonald指出文化拯救協會旨在保護各民族的權利，並不是只保護個人權利。他說，該組織欲建立一個早期預警系統，當這些權利遭到威脅時向人們提出警告。
54. The book State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger describes the conditions of different native and minority groups. 《世界瀕危民族的人權報告》這本書描述的生存現狀。
【解析】K)。細節題。根據句中關鍵詞the book a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger可定位至K)段。該段對這本書進行了詳細介紹，其中包括描述內容，即不同土著民族和少數民族的生存現狀。
55. The Gwich' in tried to stop oil companies from drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve for fear that
it should drive the caribou away.
哥威迅族人阻止石油公司在北極國家野生動物保護區勘探石油，因爲擔心這樣會把馴鹿嚇跑。
【解析】 H)。細節題。根據句中關鍵詞stop oil companies from drillin9和drive the caribou away可定位至 H)段二至四句。石油企業想在北極國家野生動物保護區勘探石油。這片區域是馴鹿繁殖下一代的地方。哥威迅人擔心馴鹿會消失。
>>>下一頁更多“CET4段落信息匹配習題及答案”英語四級段落信息匹配題篇3
The Art of Friendship
A) One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety. Nothing was really wrong my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful -- I was just feeling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who would meet me for coffee and let merant until the clouds lifted. I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voicemail. That's when it started to dawn on me -- lonesomeness was at the root of my dreariness. My social life had dwindled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment I'd been too busy to notice. Now it hit me hard. My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, know everything about me; when they left, they had taken my context with them.
B) Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of social isolation on one's health. But my concerns were more short-term. I needed to feel understood right then in the way that only a girlfriend can understand you. I knew it would be wrong to expect my husband to replace my friends: He couldn't, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends -- women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the worlda little bit just as I did. Since I'd be making friends with more intention than I'd ever given the process, I realized I could be selective, that I could in effect design my own social life. The down side, of course, was that I felt pretty frightened.
C) After all, it's a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife that it is when yon're younger -- a fact woman I've spoken with point out again and again. As Leslie Danzig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, when you're in your teens and 20s, you're more or less friends with everyone unless there's a reason not to be. Your college roommate becomes your best pal at least partly due to proximity. Now there needs to be a reason to be friends. "There are many people I'm comfort-able around, but I wouldn't go so far as to call them friends. Comfort isn't enough to sustain a real friendship," Danzig says.
D) At first, finding new companions felt awkward. At 40 I couldn't run up to people the way my4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, "Will you be my friend? Every time you start anew relationship, you're vulnerable again," agrees Kathleen Hall, D Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute, in Atlanta. "You're asking, 'Would you like to come into my life?' It makes us self-conscious."
E) Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed. I realized that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low. If someone didn't take me up on my offer, so what: I wasn't in junior high, when I might have been rejected for having the wrong clothes or hair. At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to offer.
F) We're all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests -- say, in a project, class, or cause that we already make time for -- become the perfect catalysts for bringing us in contact with candidates for camaraderie. Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother of two in Wausau, Wisconsin, says anew friend she made at church came as a pleasant surprise. "In high school I chose friends based on their popular-ity and how being part of their circle might reflect on me. Now's it's our shared values and activities that count." Mertes says her pal, with whom she organized the church's youth programs, is nothing like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends.
G) Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, self-esteem issues do not factor in -- or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective. Danzig tells of the mother of a child in her son's pre-school, a tall, beautiful woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician. "I said to my husband, she's too cool for me,'" she jokes. "I get intimidated by people. But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and friendly." In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didn't become good pals. "I realized that we weren't each other's type, but it wasn't about hierarchy." What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person you've become (or are still becoming) back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress you've made in your life.
H) Harlene Katzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City, notes that her oldest friends knew her back when she was less sure of herself. As much as she loves them, she believes they sometimes respond to is-sues in light of who she once was. An old chum has the goods on you. With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf.
I) A new friend, chosen right, can also help you point your boat in the direction you want to go. Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from workwas exactly what she needed in a friend. In addition to liking and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and athletic younger woman would help her to get in shape.
J) While you're busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture your old ones. We asked Marla Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When You "re Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain these important relationships. Keep in touch. Your friends should be a priority; schedule regular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are. Know her business. Keep track of important events in a friend's life and show your support. Call or e-mail to let her know you're thinking of her. Speak your mind. Tell a friend (politely) if something she did really upset you. If you can't be totally honest, then you need to reexamine the relationship. Accept her flaws. No one is perfect, so work around her quirks --she's chronically late, or she's a bit negative -- to cut down on frustration and fights. Boost her ego. Heartfelt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you love her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project.
46. Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one's middle age needed some reasons.
47. A well-chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.
48. A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.
49. According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first curse of making new friends.
50. Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction of life and reinforce the progress you've made in your life.
51. In Mafia Paul's book, to be a better friend, you should keep track with your fiiends, care for your friend's job, express yourself, accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressing and job.
52. For the author, a girl friend might be the right person to under "stand her and erase her negative feeling.
53. According to Michelle Metes, midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities
54. As a mature friend seeker, the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejection with grace.
55. With newly made friends, you can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.
交友之道
A)數年前的一天晚上，我發現自己陷入了焦慮中。事實上，一切事情祁如常，我和家人都很健康;我工作忙碌，事業有成。我只是隱隱約約感到情緒很低落，急需一個朋友能給我打打氣，跟我喝杯咖啡，聽我盡情發泄直到煙消雲散。我最好的朋友住在加州—這個國家的另一端。我撥通了她的電話，卻聽到要求留言的錄音。陰影從此開始籠罩着我，孤獨是我沮喪的根源。我的社交生活已經減少到幾乎沒有，但不知何故，直到那一該，我才注意到這一點。現在，這種感覺卻狠雛地撞擊着我。戈的那些老朋友們，從大學甚至孩提時代就已深交的密友，對我瞭如指掌，但他們一離開，也把我生活的環境一併帶走了。
B)研究表明，缺少社交生活對人的健康會產生長期的消極後果。還好，我妁焦慮期持續時間相當短暫。l521在那時我需要被理解，是隻有女性朋友才能理解的那種方式。我知道期望我的丈夫取代噴油的想法是 錯誤的：他不能，即使他能，我又和誰傾訴我對丈夫的抱怨呢?於是，我下定決心要結交新朋友，目標是像我一樣——有孩子而且關注這個世界的婦女。因爲我這樣交友的目的性更明確，我逐漸意識到，我是可以進行選擇的，我實際上是可以設計我的社交生活的。當然它的消極一面就是我感到非常害怕。
C)畢竟，在中年時期交友要比年輕時困難得多一——這是個客觀存在的顯示，與我聊過的女性曾不止一次地指出這一點。41歲的Leslie Danzi9是芝加哥的一位戲劇導演，也是一位母親，1461她的看法是，在十幾歲、二十幾歲的時候，除了有特殊理由不能成爲朋友的情況，人差不多可以跟所有人成爲朋友。 你的大學室友，至少餘因爲走得比較近而成爲你最好的朋友。一現在，我們則需要理由才能成爲朋友。Danzi9說，“有很多人，我跟他們在一起的時候很舒服，但我不會因此稱他們爲朋友。舒適度還不足以維持真正的友誼。”
D)一開始的時候，尋找新的夥伴的確讓入有點尷尬。四十歲了，我無法像我四歲的女兒那樣在操場上碰到人就問：“能跟我做朋友嗎?”。【49】 每次建立一羣新關係，你就會又變得脆弱了，”，KathleenHall，教牧學博士，亞特蘭大壓力研究所的創始人兼首席執行官，贊同這一看法。她說：“你是在問：‘你願意參與到我的生活中嗎?’這使我們侷促不安。”
E)幸運的是，我的不適感很快就過去了。我意識到，作爲一個尋找朋友的成年人，我變得脆弱的風險其實是非常低的。如果有人不願意接受我的請求，那又如何呢?我不再是個初中生，那時我可能會因爲穿不搭調的衣服或者髮型不好看而被拒絕。【54】到了我這個年紀。我已經方足夠的自信，我以爲我有足夠吸引對方的東西。
F)事實上，我們都很忙，以至於共同的興趣，譬如，我們爲之忙碌的項目、課程或事業，就成爲把我們與建立夥伴關係的候選人聯繫在一起的理想的催化劑。35歲的MichelleMertes是盛斯康辛州沃索地區一名教師及兩個孩子的母親，她說在教會結交的新朋友對她來說是一份驚喜。【53】 Mertes說，上中學對，我是根據他們的受歡迎程度以及成爲她們圈子的一員可能對或盧生的影響來選擇朋友的。現在，共同的價值觀和參加的勞動則成爲我選擇朋友的關鍵因素。二她與一起組織教會的青年項目的好朋友，雖然性格不同，但她們的幹勁和組織能力使她們成爲彼此的理想好友。
G)令人高興的是，儘管結交新朋友是一件尷尬的事情，但自尊問題不是結交朋友需要考慮的因素—～否則，如果將自尊問題作爲結交朋友的考慮因素，你也能很容易地洞察這一點。Danzig講述了她兒子所在的幼兒園的一個孩子的母親的故事。那位女士身材高大，美麗動八，嫁給了一位有名的搖滾音樂家。“我曾跟我的丈夫說，‘對我來說她太酷了，”她開玩笑道。“周圍的人都告誡我要警惕。但是，當我跟她混熟了，才發現她原來是個非常悠閒而友好的人。”最終，她們之間因爲沒有“化學反應”，沒能成爲好朋友。“我意識到，我們不是同一類人，但這跟社會地位沒有關係。”【50】現在看來：中年友誼似乎能反應你所屬的類型(或正在成爲的類型)，從而加強你在生活中取得的進展。
H)41歲的Harlene Katzman是紐約市的一名律師，她認爲，在她無法確定自已是否變樣的時候，最老的朋友知道她原來的樣子。她依然非常愛她們，她相信她們有時對問題的反應能夠反映出她曾經的樣子，擁有老朋友對你而言大有益處。【55】而跟新交的朋友在一起：紜可以翻開新的一頁。
I)【47】新朋友，如果選擇對了的話， 還可以幫助找到航行的方向。39歲的Hanna Dershowitz是洛杉磯的一名律師，也是一位母親。她發現，她在工作中新結交的一個人， Julia，正是她需要的好友。除了喜歡和尊重Julia，Dershowitz有一種感覺，這個健康且從事運動事業的年輕女性能幫助她保持身材。
J)當你忙着結交新朋友時，請記住，你仍需要與老朋友們培養感情。我們請Maria Paul，《友誼的危機：當你不再是孩童時，如何尋找朋友、結交朋友與保持友情》的作者，告訴我們維持這些重要關係的最佳途徑。保持聯繫。朋友至上。無論你有多忙，都要抽空定期與朋友吃頓飯或者喝杯咖啡閒聊。瞭解她的事業。知道朋友生活中經歷的重要事件，並適時表示你的支持，打電話或者發郵件讓她知道你時刻都在想着她。坦誠相待。如果朋友確實做了讓你懊惱的事情，一定要(委婉地)告訴她。如果你不能完全坦誠的話，就需要重新審視這段關係。包容她的缺點。人無完人，因此不要糾結於她的怪癖～她經常遲到或者她有一點消極——以減少挫折和鬥爭。滿足她的自尊。真心的讚美使人感覺良好，所以要告訴她，你多喜歡她的新毛衣，她做了多麼偉大的工作。
ie Danzig thought making friends at one’S middle age needed some ieDanzig認爲在中年交朋友需要一些理由。
【解析】C)。細節題。根據句子關鍵詞Leslie Danzi9和making friends al one’S middle age可定位至Cl段。該段中Danzi9說在十幾、二十幾歲的時候，基本上可以和所有人交朋友，但現在需要充分的理由才能交到朋友，舒適度不足以維持真正的友誼。可見她認爲中年交友需要。一些理由。
47.A well—chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.選擇得當的新朋友能幫你朝着你嚮往的方向前進。
【解析】I)。細節題。根據句子關鍵詞a well—chosen new friend和：he direction that you like可定位至I)段。該段首句指出：新朋友，如果選擇對了的話，還可以幫助你找到航行的方向。
48.A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.
數年前，作者給遠在他鄉的最好的朋友打電話，作者當時很需要她卻沒人接，因此感到很孤獨沮喪。
【解析】A)。歸納題。根據句子關鍵詞a few years a90和phoned her best friend可定位在A)段。句子是對整段的概括總結。
rding to Kathleen Hall，one might feel sensitive in the first course ofmaking new friends.
KathleenHall覺得人們在剛開始結交新朋友的過程中會變得敏感，
【解析】 D)。細節題。由句子中的Kathleen Hall定位至D)段。該段最後一句提到，Kathleen Hall認爲每次建立一種新關係，人就會變得脆弱、敏感。
ife friendship can help you realize your direction oflife and reinforze the progress yOU’ve made in your life.
中年友誼可以幫你認清生活前進的方向和鞏固進步。
【解析】 G)。細節題。根據句子關鍵詞midlife friendship和reinforce the progress可定位至G)段末句。現在看來，中年友誼似乎能反映出你所屬的類型(或正在成爲的類型)，從而加強你在生活中取得的進展。5 Maria Paul’S book，to be a better friend，you should keep track with yourfriends，care for your friend’s job，ex—press yourself,accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressing and a Paul的書中寫到，要成爲更好的朋友，你應該和朋友保持聯繫，關心朋友的工作，表達自己的思想，包容朋友的缺點，讚揚朋友。
【解析】J)。歸納題。根據句子中的MariaPaul’Sbook可定位至文章末段。該段列舉如何鞏固和朋友的關係。句子是對整段的概括總結。
the author,a girl friend might be the fight person to understand her and erase her negative feelin9.
對作者來說，她需要一位女性朋友理解和化解自己的負面感受。
【解析】 B)。細節題。由句子中的the right person和understand等字眼定位至B)段。作者提到只有女性的朋友才能理解她的感受。
rding to Michelle Mertes，midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities
Michelle Mertes認爲中年友誼的基石是共同的價值觀和參與的活動。
【解析】 F)。細節題。由句子中的MichelleMertes可定位至F)段。Mertes說：上中學時，我是根據她們的受歡迎程度以及成爲她們圈子的一員可能對我產生的影響來選擇朋友的。現在，共同的價值觀和參加的活動則成爲我選擇朋友的關鍵因素。
a mature friend seeker,the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejecfion with grace.
作爲一名成熟的交友者，作者發現自己有足夠的自信發出邀請和坦然接受拒絕。
【解析】 E)。細節題。根據句子關鍵詞a mature friend seeker和offe“'ejection可定位至E)段。該段中作者指出自己已經成熟，能坦然接受對方的拒絕，也保有自信，相信自己有魅力。
newly made friends，you Can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.
和新朋友一起，你有機會呈現新面貌。
【解析】 H)。細節題。根據句子關鍵詞takeon anewlook可定位至E段末句。而跟新交的朋友在一起，你可以翻開新的一頁。Take on anewlook和takeoveranewleaf是同類表述。
英語四級段落信息匹配題篇4article will provide you with some simple tips for passing your driver’s license uate preparation is absolutely essential，without which any number of driver’s license test tips will be redundant.
ing a driver’s license is a big step in anyone’s gives an individual the luxury to drive a car anytime he or she pleases，as driving without passing a driver’s license test is against the law.
For some people，the stress can be too much to handle and as a result they may mess up on the driver’s license e are some simple driver’s license test tips that anyone can follow,to be assured of passing the test and getting their driver’s license.
most important of all the tips for passing your driver’s license test is to be can only be achieved by you through hours and hours of sincere and diligent you are not sufficiently prepared for your driver’s license test，all the driver’s license tips for passing your driver’slicense test will be utterly pointless and can read as many drivers’license test tips as you want，but if you are not practicing enough，then all these driving test tips will be in ll ing yourself in driving schools is advisable for this purpose.
，if you’re wondering how to prepare for your driving test，the first thing you need to know is what the driving test instructors and officials are going to be looking following are the qualities that the instructors will be on the lookout for and also the parameters that the scoring will be conducted on.
E)Starting the vehicle：The instructor will be observing you right from the time you start the vehicle.
He will note if you tum your head to look back and if you follow all the safety regulations that are required to be followed while starting a are some tips on learning to drive a car.
F)Control of the vehicle：He will pay close attention to how much control you actually have over the abilities with the gas pedal，the brake，the steering wheel and other controls will be scrutinized.
G)Steering：Not many road test tips stress on the importance of quality is closely analyzed by the instructor and obviously if your steering is wayward(任性的)，the chances of passing the driver’s license test are very slim.
H)Driving in traffic：Keeping calm and avoiding panic attacks while driving in traffic is of utmost people get extremely stressed and nervous，when they are in the midst of traffic and one of the very crucial tips to pass road test for driver’s license is to stay calm and composed when driving in read more on road safety and car safety.
I)Traffic signs and lane discipline：This is another area that the instructors will be rating you ability to observe lane discipline and your recognition of the various traffic signs plays a major role in your passing the these driver’s license test tips in mind to pass the test in your veryfirst attempt.
J)Stopping：Stopping the car smoothly and at the right place is a critical skill to the in. structor asks you to stop the car，the timing，the positioning and the technique of doing so are important driving test tips to bear in mind.
K)Backing up and distance judgment：Your backing up skills and your ability to judge the distances between your vehicle and other entities will also be carefully you cannot back up your vehicle satisfactorily ,parking would be very troublesome for you and a major source of hazard to you and to others around you.
L)Hill parking：One of the essential tips for passing your driver’s license test is to master the art of hill is not as easy as it seems and can become a major source of anxiety in a you can display good skills at hill parking，it proves that you have developed good control over the vehicle.
M)Arm signals and driving etiquette：Another aspect that you will be judged on is your efficiency at giving the right arm signals at the right respect for other drivers on the road and the amount of courtesy you show them also plays a part in your final rating on the driver’s license test.
Read more about defensive driving techniques and tips and defensive driving courses.
N)Drivers who are well aware and informed about all the rules and regulations that need to be followed have a beRer chance of clearing their driver’s license primary goal of these driver，slicense test tips is to instill(慢慢灌輸)a responsible and mature frame of mind in every e road test tips will be pointless unless you develop a calm demeanor and tmless you are aware of all the rules that must be followed while driving.
O)Here are a few more basic drivers’license test tips that you should keep in mind when vou，re leaming how to prepare for your driving ys use the restroom before your test doing so will cause more anxiety during the rize all the traffic signs and their significance well in advance before the your rear view mirrors efficiently and re that you are well on time for your test and are carrying all the required documents and adequate sleep the previous night and do not give the test with an empty k to the permitted speed not drive too fast and do not drive too slow either.
P)Passing a driver’s license test is not simple and unless you are well versed in driver could face a lot of the end of the day,remember that the instructors also want you to pass the test，so do your best to stay calm and composed and believe in your ability to pass the test.
This cannot be reinstated enough，but the key to passing your driver’s license test is practice.
rding to this article，the importance of steering is emphasized by not many road test tips.
timing，positioning and technique should be considered by yourself when you stoD your test car.
people may fail their driver’s license tests because they have too much stress.
parking as one of the essential tips for your license test seems easV.
tips in this article primarily aimed at instilling a responsible and mature frame of mind in you.
order to pass your driver’s license should practice.
driver’s license test begins in practice when you start your test car.
ng the preparation process，a few more basic tips should be kept in mind.
should sleep adequately the night before your test.
55.A lot of difficulties could be faced if you are not well versed in driver education.
46.【解析】H)。
47.【解析】J)。
people may fail their driver’S license tests because they have too much stress.
有些人可能沒有通過駕照考試，是因爲壓力太大。
【解析】B)。細節題。根據句中的fail their driver’S license tests可將答案定位於文章B)段第三句話，有些人可能沒有通過駕照考試，是因爲壓力太大。
parking as one of the essential tips for your license test seems easy.
作爲對你在駕照考試中的一個重要建議，斜坡停車看起來很簡單。
【解析】L)。細節題。根據句中hillparkin9可將答案定位於L)段第二句話，通過駕照考試的一個必要提示就是要掌握斜坡停車的技巧。這並不像看起來那麼簡單，可能會成爲駕駛中一件非常令人憂心的事。
tips in this article primarily aimed at instilling a responsible and mature flame of mind in you.
文中指導的主要目的是將負責、成熟的心境慢慢灌輸給你。
【解析】N)。細節題。根據句中primarily aimed at可將答案定位於N)段第二句話，flame ofmind爲“心 緒，心境，心情”，駕照考試指南的首要目標是將負責、成熟的心境慢慢灌輸給每一個人。
5 order to pass your driver’S license should practice.
爲了通過駕照考試，你應該進行練習。
【解析】C)。細節題。根據句中的practice可將答案定位於文章C)段第一句話，在所有的通過駕照考試的建議中，最重要的是考試準備。這隻能通過一小時接一小時的認真和勤奮的練習才能夠實現。
driver’S license test begins in practice when you start your test car.
當你發動了考試車時，實際上你的駕照考試就開始了。
【解析】 E)。推理題。根據句中begin可將答案定位於E)段第一句話，文中提到從你啓動車子的那 一刻起，教練就開始觀察你了。
ng the preparation process，a few more basic tips should be kept in mind.
在準備的過程中，有一些最基本的建議應該記在腦子裏。
【解析】 O)。根據句中a fewmorebasic tips可將答案定位於O)段，keep inmind爲固定搭配，指“牢記”。
這裏有一些更加基本的駕照考試建議，在學習如何準備駕駛考試時，你應該牢記於心。
should sleep adequately the night before your test.
在考前那個晚上你應該睡眠充足。
【解析】O)。根據句中sleep可將答案定位於O)段，文中使用的是adequate sleep，這裏用的是副詞形式。
前一晚保證充足的睡眠，而且不要空着肚子去參加考試。
55.A lot of difficulties could be faced if you are not well versed in driver education.
如果你不精通駕駛教育，你會面臨很多困難。
【解析】P)。根據句中driver education和a lot ofdifficulties可將答案定位於本文P)段第一句話。Be Versedin指“精通於”。想通過駕照考試並不簡單，除非你很精通駕駛教育，否則你會面臨許多困難。
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