鼻菸是否比其它菸草更安全?
Is Snus Safer Than Other Forms of Tobacco?
鼻菸是否比其它菸草更安全？
The FDA recently granted "modified risk" status to one brand of snus, a tobacco product that's popular in Sweden and starting to become a thing in the US. But while it might be less risky than other tobacco products, it's still not exactly safe.
最近，美國食品與藥品監管局批准一種品牌的鼻菸爲“改良風險菸草”。鼻菸是一種在瑞典十分流行並開始在美國風靡的一種菸草產品。然而，雖然鼻菸與其它菸草製品相比可能有更低的風險，但這並不能說明它絕對安全。
Snus (rhymes with goose) comes in little pouches, meant to be tucked between the upper lip and the gums. Unlike chewing or dip tobacco, it doesn't cause excessive salivation, so there's no constant spitting.
鼻菸（與鵝的發音押韻）是一種小袋裝產品，用戶需將其放在上脣和牙齦之間。與口嚼菸草或浸漬菸草不同，鼻菸不會引起過多的唾液分泌，所以無需經常把使用過的菸草吐出來。
All of these oral, or "smokeless," tobacco products carry a risk of cancer. Since you're not breathing in smoke, lung cancer isn't an issue, but people who use smokeless tobacco have higher rates of cancers of the mouth, throat, and tongue, plus pancreatic and esophageal cancer.
所有這些口服或“無煙”菸草製品都有致癌風險。由於它們是無煙的，因此不會導致肺癌，但使用無煙菸草製品的菸民患口腔癌、咽喉癌、舌癌、胰腺癌和食道癌的機率會更高。
Snus carries less risk of some of those cancers than other tobacco products, enough that if a cigarette smoker were to stop smoking and switch completely to snus, they would be at a lower risk. So after snus maker Swedish Match provided evidence about the risks, the FDA agreed to let the company add the following text to its labels: "Using General Snus instead of cigarettes puts you at a lower risk of mouth cancer, heart disease, lung cancer, stroke, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis."
與其它菸草製品相比，使用鼻菸導致上述癌症的風險更低，若吸菸者能夠戒菸並完全轉換成使用鼻菸，他們的患癌率也會降低。所以在瑞典火柴公司（鼻菸製造商）提供了相關風險證據後，美國食品與藥品監管局同意在該公司的菸草製品上貼上如下標籤：“使用通用鼻菸而非普通香菸會降低用戶患口腔癌、心臟病、肺癌、中風、肺氣腫和慢性支氣管炎的風險。”
This is the first time the FDA has granted modified-risk status to a tobacco product. The agency's press release, however, emphasizes that this doesn't mean snus is "safe." The product still has to carry one of the standard warnings for smokeless tobacco, which include statements like "WARNING: This product can cause mouth cancer." The acting FDA commissioner, Ned Sharpless, summed up the agency's position:
這是美國食品與藥品監管局首次批准菸草製品爲“改良風險”狀態。然而，該機構在其新聞稿中強調，這並不意味着鼻菸是“安全”的。該產品仍貼有無煙菸草的標準警告語，例如“警告：該產品或導致口腔癌。”美國食品與藥品監管局的代理專員奈德·夏普萊斯（Ned Sharpless）總結了該機構的立場：
While we are authorizing these specific modified risk tobacco products, it's important for the public to understand that all tobacco products — including these — pose risk. Anyone who does not currently use tobacco products, especially youth, should refrain from doing so.
雖然我們批准了這些特定的菸草製品爲改良風險菸草，但公衆需要知道，所有的菸草製品——包括這些製品——都存在潛在風險。目前不使用菸草製品的人，尤其是青少年，應繼續避免使用。
