十大最難以改變的的不良習慣(下)

iness

5.拖拖拉拉

I hated being late to school because I'd have to go the attendance office for a tardy slip – and too many tardies might mean a detention.

上學時我很討厭遲到，因爲那樣我就必須去簽到處填寫遲到說明單，而如果有太多遲到單，放學後就會被留校。

You may not get a detention as an adult for being tardy, but you can get fired from your job if it happens often enough. Even if it doesn't reach that point, being late makes you look disorganized and unprofessional. In private life, your friends and family can get resentful really quickly if you're always the last one to arrive to a gathering, or if you miss the big moment at events. Tardiness may stem from a lack of self-motivation or from an overscheduled life. Additionally, some people actually get an adrenaline high from keeping others waiting. Others are just overly optimistic about how long it really takes to get from Point A to Point B. But you can become more punctual if you work at it. First, stop trusting your internal clock. Actually time how long it takes to get you to work, for example, including rush-hour traffic, as well as the time to walk from your car to your office building to your suite. If you're a very busy person, or get so wrapped up in one thing that you easily forget about other commitments, set appointment reminders on your smartphone or laptop and be sure to schedule some down time during the day.

作爲成年人，你一般不會因爲遲到而受到留校處罰，但如果經常如此，也許就會被辭退。即使事態沒有這麼嚴重，經常遲到也會讓你看起來毫無組織紀律性並且十分不專業。即使在私生活中，如果你總是在聚會中姍姍來遲，或者乾脆錯過一些重要的時刻，你的家人朋友肯定也會很生氣。行動遲緩也許起因於自我激勵機制的缺失或者過分忙碌的生活。除有些人是真的沉醉於讓別人久等的快感中無法自拔之外，其他人拖拉只是因爲對於從A地到B地實際需要花費的時間做了過分樂觀的估計。但是如果你下決心改變，你一定可以變得更守時。那麼首先，停止過分相信你的生物鐘。事實上，你上班路上所需花費的時間應該包括交通高峯期塞車的時間，以及從你下車走到辦公樓再到你的辦公室所花的時間。如果你非常忙碌，或者全神貫注於某件事以至於極易忘記其他預約時，不妨嘗試在你的手機或筆記本電腦上面設置事件提醒，以確保在一天當中你有一小段時間讓自己緩衝一會，也更容易記得已安排好的約會。

rrupting

4.總打岔

Life is full of constant interruptions. I've been interrupted by a needy cat, multiple buzzing noises from my phone and the sound of someone edging their yard in just the past few minutes. But I find verbal interruptions the most irritating, especially when it's the same person doing it repeatedly. The implication is that what the interrupter has to say is far more important than what I was saying. Yet, even though interrupting is considered rude, we all do it.

生活中充斥着無窮無盡的干擾。我曾被一隻黏人的貓干擾，也曾被手機裏傳來的多重嗡嗡聲煩擾，甚至就在幾分鐘前還被人們整理庭院所產生的噪音干擾。但我發現最令人惱火的是言語干擾（打岔），尤其是當同一個人反覆打斷你的時候，就像他要說的內容遠比你所說的重要得多似的。然而，儘管打岔被認爲是件粗魯的事，我們還是會這麼做。

One reason is that sometimes interrupting is necessary. If you have an important question to ask during a presentation that won't be relevant if you wait until the end, sometimes getting the speaker's attention is acceptable. You just have to do it politely. But like many bad habits, interrupting can also be about power -- who is allowed to speak and who isn't. You might not hesitate to interrupt a subordinate at work, but you would never interrupt your own boss. No matter what the relationship is, though, it's usually still better to wait until the other person finishes speaking. Try to focus on what she's saying and formulate a thoughtful response. If you feel the urge to interrupt, ask yourself what would happen if you waited. (Probably, nothing.) You might even take notes if you're afraid that you'll forget what you're going to say later.

原因之一就在於打岔有時是必要的。如果你在一個演說報告途中有十分重要的問題需要提問，而等到演說結束後再問又將沒有任何意義的話，那偶爾打斷一下報告者的發言是可以被原諒的，但你一定要有禮貌。就像很多惡習一樣，打岔其實也與話語權問題相關——誰可以發言的而誰又不可以發言。你或許會毫不猶豫地打斷正在工作的下屬，而你決不會去幹擾你的頂頭上司。無論你們之間的關係如何，等他人講完話再發言始終更爲妥當。你可以試着去注意聆聽別人所講的內容，然後再給出一個經過深思熟慮後的答覆。如若你迫切地想要打斷別人說話，那就先問問自己如果再等會兒會怎麼樣。（多半什麼事都不會發生）如果你怕忘記自己接下來要說什麼，那就可以做點筆記呀。

iping

3.愛八卦

If gossiping weren't fun and entertaining, there wouldn't be so many TV shows, websites and magazines devoted to talking about what celebrities are doing. Most have chosen to be in the public eye, and to a certain degree, they expect their personal lives will be under a microscope. We regular folk, however, usually don't appreciate having our foibles and quirks as the topic of conversation in the office break room.

如果八卦新聞沒有那麼搞笑又有趣的話，就不會有那麼多的電視節目、網站和雜誌都把功夫花在議論名人們在幹什麼上面了。大多數名人選擇出現在公共視野中，在某種程度上就意味着他們希望自己的私人生活被人關注。然而我們這些普通人，卻並不喜歡讓自己的缺點和怪癖成爲同事們茶餘飯後閒聊的談資。

Some of us just can't resist sharing a juicy piece of information though. It's a way of connecting with other people and even raising our social status in their eyes. Sometimes it helps boost our own self-esteem: "At least I'd never make that bad of a mistake," we might think. Gossiping may seem like a harmless way to pass the time, but it has significant repercussions. In the workplace, gossip can be a huge problem because it can lower morale, decrease productivity and increase turnover. Families have been torn apart by secrets that were not to supposed to have been revealed. Gossip can also be about power: One person has information the others don't have and keeps the power by deciding who to share the tidbits with. If you're concerned that you're a gossip, pay attention to your topics of conversations. Are you telling positive or negative stories about others? If it's difficult to stop gossiping (because it just feels so good), try putting yourself in the subject's shoes. How would you feel if everyone was talking badly about you?

但是總有部分人會忍不住向他人爆料，這算是他們與人溝通、甚至提高自己在別人眼中社會地位的一種方式。八卦有時也能使我們的自尊心膨脹，因爲我們或許會想：“反正我纔不會犯這種低級的錯誤。”八卦似乎是一種無害的打發時間的方式，但其實它會帶來很嚴重的影響。在工作場所，說長道短是一個很大的問題。因爲它會使員工士氣低落，降低生產效率，以及增加人員變更率。一些本不該泄露的祕密被揭開甚至可以導致家庭破裂。八卦還可以使人處於優勢地位——有人能夠掌握別人瞭解不到的信息，並通過決定與誰分享這類花邊消息來保持他們的優勢地位。如果你擔心自己成爲八卦天王，那麼請你關注一下自己所談論的話題：你經常議論人是非嗎？如果停止八卦對你來說很困難的話（因爲你通常自我感覺良好），那就設身處地爲他人想想吧！如果每個人都在說你的壞話，你又將作何感想？

eting

2.坐立不安

Fidgeting simply means that you're incapable of keeping still. Like nail biting and other so-called "nervous habits," it can be a way to fight boredom, expend excess energy or relieve stress.

坐立不安，簡單來說就是指無法使自己安靜下來。就像咬指甲或者其他“緩解焦慮的習慣性動作”一樣，這通常也是一種打發無聊時間、消耗過剩精力或者是緩解壓力的方式。

This bad habit isn't all bad, though; some researchers believe that fidgeting reduces levels of the stress hormone cortisol. Since cortisol can negatively affect learning, fidgeting during a test might actually make you perform better on it. Because the parts of the brain that control movement and speech are in the same area, fidgeting or moving may also help you formulate a thought before saying it out loud. You might even burn an extra 350 calories from fidgeting throughout the day. But fidgeting is one of those bad habits that can have a social impact, especially if it is constant, loud or distracting. Usually when someone calls attention to fidgeting, the person will stop doing it, or at least find a way to be unobtrusive about it. But if he can't stop, the fidgeting is constant, or he seems to be involuntarily twitching or making noises, there could be something more serious at work. Extreme fidgeting is a possible symptom of several conditions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder and Tourette's syndrome. Professional help is necessary in those cases.

不過，這個“壞習慣”並不見得就一無是處。一些研究人員發現坐立不安能夠降低壓力荷爾蒙皮質醇的分泌水平。由於皮質醇會對學習產生不良影響，所以考試時這種坐立不安的狀態反而有助於你發揮的更好。而控制人類行動和語言的神經中樞位於大腦中的同一個區域，所以坐立不安或者不時活動一下也有助於你深思熟慮後更好的表達自己的想法。同時，如果一個人一整天都坐不住，總是做些小動作，還能額外消耗350卡路里的熱量。儘管如此，坐立不安仍是一種影響社交生活的壞習慣，尤其是當你坐立不安成爲一種常態，讓旁人感到聒噪，注意力不能集中之時。一般來說，有人坐立不安、小動作不斷時，就會有人提醒他不要這樣，至少不要肆無忌憚地去做這些事。但是，如果他難以控制自己的行爲，繼續做小動作，或者總是不由自主地扭來扭去、製造噪音，那麼很可能是他在工作中遇到了大麻煩。過度的焦躁不安可能是患有以下疾病的徵兆：例如多動症，躁鬱症或圖洛特氏綜合徵。在這些情況下，你可能需要尋求專業幫助。

ssive Screen Time

1.長時間對着屏幕

It's incredibly easy to spend almost every waking hour of your day staring at a screen -- whether from a computer, TV, tablet or phone. Most of us have to use computers at work, so being in front of a screen for at least 40 hours a week is nonnegotiable. But what about binge-watching a TV show or spending hours on Facebook? How does that affect you?

人們極易把每天清醒的幾個小時幾乎全都用於看屏幕——無論是電腦，電視，平板或是手機屏幕。大多數人的工作都離不開電腦，因而我們每週至少有40個小時都必須與電腦打交道。那我們毫無節制地看電視節目或者瀏覽社交網絡所花時間又是多少呢？這又將如何影響我們的生活呢？

Scientists have found that too much screen time can cause eye fatigue and blurred vision. These symptoms are not permanent, but they are unpleasant. Research also indicates that excessive screen time can actually hurt your brain -- scans of Internet- and gaming-addicted teenagers showed damage to the frontal lobe. While watching TV or surfing the Web certainly has benefits, if you put off spending time with friends, hear complaints from your family, or fail to accomplish something that you needed to do because you were too busy online, you might need to start setting some limits. If you always take your phone with you to the bathroom, make a conscious effort to leave it in another room. Eat meals at the table instead of in front of the TV. Read an actual paper book on occasion. Or download some great, informative podcasts and listen while you go for a stroll.

科學家們發現，看屏幕的時間過長會造成視疲勞和視物模糊。這些症狀雖不是永久性的，但一樣令人煩惱。同時，研究還表明盯着屏幕瀏覽網頁的時間過長會損傷大腦。那些沉迷於遊戲的少年們，他們的大腦前額葉早已損傷。看電視或上網的確有很多好處，但你如果因爲忙於上網而疏於與朋友相聚、承受家人的指責，抑或是無法完成必要的任務時，你就有必要收斂一下了。可以嘗試用以下方法來改善這種狀況：如果你去洗手間也總是帶着手機，那麼就應該有意地把它擱在另一個房間；要在餐桌前而不是電視機前吃飯；有時候也要閱讀紙質書籍；還可以下載一些有“有營養”的播客，邊聽邊散步。

審校:落月 編輯:旭旭 來源:前十網