不得不看:風靡美國的中國美食

What comes to mind when we speak of cultural exports from China to the United States?
說起中國對美國的文化輸出，你會想起什麼？
Bruce Lee, the giant panda, or kung fu?
李小龍？大熊貓？還是中國功夫？
Without a doubt, these cultural symbols are successful exports of Chinese culture, but another form of Chinese culture widely known in the US is Chinese cuisine.
毫無疑問，這些文化符號都是非常成功的中華文化輸出，但目前還有另一種形式的中國文化也風靡全美，那就是中國美食。
Many types of local snacks, all deeply loved in China, are taking over the streets of America. Some were modified to suit to Americans' tastes, while others retain the traditional taste of China.
深受中國人喜愛的多種當地小吃現在已經攻陷了美國的大街小巷。其中有些爲了適應美國人口味做了調整，而還有一些則完全保留了其原汁原味。
Here are just some of them.
接下來將列舉幾個在美國很熱門的中國小吃。
Pai huang gua (smashed cucumbers)
拍黃瓜

In a report titled Smashed cucumber salad takes Manhattan, The New York Times praised the method of smashing cucumbers in making salads as a completely new way to eat a cucumber.
一篇名爲《拍黃瓜沙拉》的報道攻佔了曼哈頓，《紐約時報》也對其大加讚賞，對這種吃黃瓜的新方式讚不絕口。
As the latest trend in New York this summer, smashed cucumbers and "their craggy edges and rough surfaces absorb flavors and form relationships in seconds," as opposed to sliced cucumbers, which tend to "shrug" off the dressing.
作爲紐約今夏的最新風潮，拍黃瓜“凹凸的棱角以及粗糙的表面能快速地吸收調料味道並能在數秒內和調料融爲一體，”和“油鹽不進”的黃瓜片恰好相反。
"It's cool how just changing the way you break down an ingredient completely changes the way it feels and tastes," said Danny Bowien, the chef at Mission Chinese Food on the Lower East Side.
丹尼·鮑溫是曼哈頓下東區龍山小館（Mission Chinese Food）的主廚，他表示“你添加調料的方法不同，會導致食物的口感和味道也不同，這非常奇妙。”
The traditional Chinese cucumber salad, or pai huang gua, is dressed with a vinaigrette of soy sauce, rice or black vinegar, chopped garlic, sugar and sesame oil. In North and West China, where spicy foods are preferred, chili oil or Sichuan peppercorns are added for that extra kick.
傳統的中式黃瓜沙拉，或者說拍黃瓜，表面都裹着一層沙拉汁，由醬油、白醋或黑醋、蒜蓉、糖和芝麻油調製而成。中國北部和西部的人民嗜辣，所以有時會加辣椒油或者朝天椒來調味。
Smashed cucumbers have long been found in Chinese restaurants in New York, but they have branched into other types of cuisine this summer. At Mr. Bowien's Mexican-influenced restaurant Mission Cantina, they are served with an intensely flavored dressing of lime, cumin and oregano-flavored sesame paste. At the Japanese restaurant Untitled, they are served with buckwheat noodles, baby turnips and tuna tartare.
拍黃瓜在紐約中餐館裏的歷史其實已經不短了，但這道菜在這個夏天發展成好幾種美味。在鮑溫的另一傢俱有墨西哥風情的小館Mission Cantina，拍黃瓜搭配的調料味道很強烈，有酸橙、茴香和牛至葉粉口味的芝麻醬。而在日本料理店“無題”內，和拍黃瓜一起端上桌的還有蕎麥麪、嫩蕪菁和金槍魚韃靼。
At Superiority Burgers, the cucumbers are mixed with tangy yogurt and jalapeno honey and sprinkled with crushed sesame breadsticks, a form that the traditional Chinese dish has never taken before.
在“上等漢堡”店（Superiority Burgers）內，廚師將拍黃瓜與氣味撲鼻的酸奶和墨西哥胡椒蜂蜜混合，再撒上掰碎的長棍芝麻麪包，創造出這種與中餐截然不同的小吃。
"There's something about the roughness, and the variety of shapes and sizes, that you get with smashing that is incredibly satisfying," said Julia Goldberg, a sous-chef who created the recipe alongside Brooks Headley, chef and owner of Superiority Burger.
“上等漢堡”店的助理廚師茱莉亞·哥德堡和主廚兼老闆布魯克斯·黑德利一起研發了這道菜譜，她表示，“拍黃瓜的棱角、形狀和大小的多樣性都讓人非常滿意。”

Jian bing (grilled savory crepe)
煎餅

Jian bing, a form of grilled savory crepe with stuffing, is a popular dish in North China. The mung-bean-and-millet crepe is often made on a well-heated pan. Freshly scrambled egg, pickled vegetables, scallions, cilantro, black bean paste, chili sauce and a crispy fried crackers (the secret that adds a crunch to the crepe) are added on the crepe and rolled up. Often sold by street vendors, Jian bing is a popular choice for breakfast for on-the-go commuters.
煎餅，是一種包有內餡兒的鹹味煎薄餅，它在中國北方廣受歡迎。在燒得滾熱的案板上，攤開綠豆和小米麪糊烙成麪餅，在麪餅上打一個雞蛋，撒上泡菜、大蔥、香菜，塗上豆瓣醬、辣椒醬，然後放上一塊薄脆（讓煎餅酥脆的祕密），再捲起來。煎餅通常是大街小巷的小販在賣，它是許多趕着上班的通勤族最愛的早餐。

Alisa Grandy, the owner of Bing Mi!, fell in love with the snack when she returned to Portland from her trip in China.
艾麗莎•格蘭迪是Bing Mi的店主，在她從中國旅遊回到波特蘭以後，她對煎餅的愛就一發不可收拾。
"When she got back from China, that's all she would talk about," says her husband Neal. Grandy spent months perfecting the right mix of ingredients to recreate the exact taste she enjoyed in China. Six months later, the couple opened a store. Business is good, as they've already got two crepe-makers on back order.
她的丈夫尼爾稱“自打她從中國回來以後，她成天都在談論煎餅”。後來格蘭迪花了好幾個月，專門研究煎餅的原料和配方，以複製她在中國嘗過的那種味道。六個月後，夫婦倆開了家店。生意非常紅火，兩個煎餅師傅都忙不過來。
Bing Mi! sells a piece of jian bing for $6. In fact, it is the only item that they sell. According to Grandy's husband, Chinese customers nostalgic for the taste of home have given their compliments.
Bing Mi!的煎餅每個售價6美元。事實上，他們只賣煎餅。格蘭迪的丈夫稱，因思鄉而來品嚐故鄉味道的中國顧客稱讚了他們做的煎餅。

Rou jia mo (Chinese hamburger)
肉夾饃
Rou jia mo, which translates as "meat placed between bun", has a similar recipe to hamburgers, consisting of chopped meat inside a bun.
肉夾饃，翻譯過來就是“夾了肉的小圓麪包”，它和漢堡的配方類似，就是在小圓麪包裏夾入肉糜。

The chewy bun baked in a clay oven or fried in a pan and with a mouthwatering meat filling stewed in a variety of spices — is not only popular in China's streets and alleys but also with foodies overseas.
充滿嚼勁兒的饃饃通常是在土竈內烤制或平底鍋上煎制而成，然後在裏面加入讓人垂涎欲滴的風味烤肉——這道小吃不僅火遍中國大街小巷，在海外吃貨的嘴裏，也是讚不絕口。
Xie Yunfeng, a Chinese vendor selling rou jia mo in front of Columbia University in New York, became an online sensation in 2013. Xie said he could sell more than 100 rou jia mo a day.
謝雲峯在紐約的哥倫比亞大學前賣肉夾饃，他在2013年還火了一把，他稱他一天能賣100多個肉夾饃。
Commenting on the reported comparison between rou jia mo and hamburgers, one Internet user said, "People like eating meat by sandwiching it between buns, whether they are in the East or the West."
在一則比較肉夾饃和漢堡的報告下有一則評論，一位網友如此說道，“不管是東方還是西方，人們都愛把肉夾在麪包或饅頭裏吃。”

General Tao's Chicken
左宗棠雞
Though name of the dish comes from general Zuo Zongtang (1812-1885), who lived during the Qing dynasty in today's Hunan province, the general himself carries little relation to the dish.
名字雖然來源於左宗棠將軍，他曾在清朝居住在現今的湖南省境內，但這道菜其實和他並沒多大關係。
The dish General Tao's Chicken is neither served in Changsha, the capital of Hunan province, nor in Xiangyin, the birthplace of the general. The generals' descendants, who still live in Xiangyin, said they have never heard of such a dish.
這道菜，你不僅在湖南省會長沙找不到，在他的出生地湘陰也找不到。如今他的後人仍生活在湘陰，他們表示從未聽說過此道菜。

General Tao's Chicken can be found almost ubiquitously in Chinese restaurants in the US. The chicken chunks, battered and deep fried, are often covered with a thick sweet and sour sauce seasoned with soy sauce, rice wine, rice wine vinegar, sugar, cornstarch and dried red chili peppers.
但是這道菜在美國境內的中餐館裏可到處都是。“左宗棠雞”的做法是將雞塊先捶打，後油炸，再澆上一層濃郁的酸甜醬汁。這種醬汁由醬油、米酒、白醋、糖、玉米粉和幹辣椒製成。

Egg rolls
蛋卷
The term egg roll often refers to a variation of fried spring rolls in China, only the wrap is thicker, the entire form bigger, and it doesn't have much to do with eggs.
在中國，蛋卷一詞通常指的是炸春捲的變體，只不過表皮變厚了一些，體積大了一點，和雞蛋並沒有太大關係。

The typical spring rolls in China are made with rice dough, wrapped around fillings which often consists of julienned vegetables and sometimes meat, and then deep fried. The egg roll, however, is made with flour dough, which gives it a thicker texture as opposed to the rice wrap.
中國春捲的做法一般是用大米粉製成春捲皮，裹住餡料再下油鍋炸，餡兒通常由蔬菜絲和肉組成。而蛋卷皮是用麪粉製成，所以比大米粉做的春捲皮更厚。
Egg rolls are often served as appetizers in the US, just as spring rolls are in China.
蛋卷在美國通常是作爲開胃菜，就像中國的春捲一樣。